Arvind Academy

BIOLOGY SP 2
Class 12 - Biology
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper has five sections and 33 questions. All questions are compulsory.

3. Section–A has 16 questions of 1 mark each; Section–B has 5 questions of 2 marks each; Section– C has 7

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questions of 3 marks each; Section– D has 2 case-based questions of 4 marks each; and Section–E has 3 questions

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of 5 marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to

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attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
5. Wherever necessary, neat and properly labeled diagrams should be drawn.
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Section A
1. The detritus food chain begins with: [1]
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a) Primary consumers b) Primary producers

c) Dead organic matter d) Secondary consumers

2. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives because of the following reasons: [1]
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a) These are effective barriers for b) They do not interfere with the coital act.
insemination.
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c) All of these d) These help in reducing the risk of STDs.

3. List of endangered species was released by: [1]

a) BBC b) IUCN

c) WCC d) UN
4. The formula for exponential population growth is: [1]

a) dt

dN
= rN b) dN

rN
= dt

c) = dt d) = rN
rN dN

dN dt

5. The source organism of Taq polymerase is: [1]

a) Bacillus thuringiensis b) Escherichia coli

c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens d) Thermus aquaticus

6. Which among the following is not included under cyanobacteria? [1]

a) Oscillatoria b) Anabaena

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 c) Rhizobium d) Nostoc
7. Study the pedigree chart of a certain family given below and select the correct conclusion which can be drawn [1]
for the character

a) The trait under study could not be colour b) The female parent is heterozygous
blindness

c) The male parent is homozygous dominant d) The parent could not have had a normal
daughter for this character
8. The diagram represents the Miller experiment. Choose the correct combination of labelling. [1]

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a) A – electrodes, B – NH3 + H2O, C – hot
water, D – tap, E – U trap
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CH4, C – steam, D – Vacuum, E – U trap
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c) A – electrodes, B – (NH3 + H2 + H2O + d) A – electrodes, B – NH4 + H2 + CO2 +
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CH4), C – cold water, D – Vacuum, E – U CH3, C – hot water, D – Vacuum, E – U

Trap. Trap.
9. In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by : [1]
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a) Trophic levels b) Pyramid of number

c) Pyramid of energy d) Pyramid of biomass

10. Represented below is the inheritance pattern of a certain type of trait in humans. Which one of the following [1]
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conditions could be an example of this pattern?

a) Thalassemia b) Haemophilia

c) Sickle Cell anemia d) Phenyl ketonuria

11. Which of the following is produced by genetically-engineered bacteria? [1]

a) Glucagon b) ADH

c) Insulin d) Thyroxine
12. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of: [1]

a) qualified bacterial cells b) Transformed bacterial cells

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 c) Recombinant bacterial cells d) Competent bacterial cells
13. Assertion (A): In India, IUDs like copper-T is one of the most widely accepted method of contraception. [1]
Reason (R): It can be self-inserted by the user.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Lichen is important for chemical industries. [1]
Reason (R): Litmus and Orcein are formed from lichens.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): Tree and its dependents form upright pyramid of number. [1]

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Reason (R): Pond ecosystem show upright pyramid of number.

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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

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c) A is true but R is false.
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Assertion (A): Evolution is a continuous process that takes millions of years for speciation. [1]
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Reason (R): During evolution, small variation accumulates guided by natural selection that leads to speciation.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
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explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
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17. Describe the contributions of Alexander Fleming, Ernest Chain and Howard Florey in the field of microbiology. [2]
18. Study the given portion of double-stranded polynucleotide chain carefully. Identify a, b, c and the 5' end of the [2]
chain.
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19. Draw a well labelled diagram of sectional view of male gametophyte/microspore of an angiosperm and write the [2]
functions of any two parts labelled. (Any four labels).
20. Study the sectional view of human testis showing seminiferous tubules given below. [2]

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 i. Identify A, B and C.
ii. Write the function of A and D.
21. Micro-organisms play an important role for the biological treatment of sewage. Justify. [2]
OR
a. Differentiate between humoral and cell mediated immune response.
b. Why is a patient who has undergone organ transplant put on immunosuppressants? Explain.

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Section C

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22. Study the mRNA segment given below, which is complete and to be translated into a polypeptide chain and [3]
answer the following questions:

i. Write codons 'A' and 'B'.

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ii. What do they code for?
iii. How is the peptide bond formed between two amino acids in the ribosome?
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23. Differentiate between multiple allelism and pleiotropy with the help of an example each. [3]
24. a. What does the equation dN
= rN express in terms of population growth? [3]
dt

b. Write the significance of r in a population survey.

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25. The image below describes the process of Gene Therapy. [3]
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i. What is gene therapy?

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 ii. Name the first clinical case in which it was used.

26. a. Enlist two criteria that are used to identify a region for maximum protection as Biodiversity hotspots. [3]
b. Name any two hotspot regions in our country.
OR
Given below is an equation describing the Species-Area relationship between species richness and area for a wide
variety of taxa as angiosperm plants, birds, bats etc.

S = CAz
a. Give a graphical representation of the given equation showing
Species-Area relationship.
b. What does S represent in the given equation?
c. What is the value of Z (regression coefficient) for frugivorous
birds and mammals in the tropical forests of different continents?
27. How would the gene flow or genetic drift affect the population? Do the population in which gene flow and [3]

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genetic drift are operated obey Hardy Weinberg principle?

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28. a. Write the scientific names of the causative agent and vector of malaria, and write its symptoms. [3]
b. Name any two diseases spread by Aedes sp.

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Section D
In a human female, the reproductive phase starts on the onset of puberty and ceases around middle age of the [4]
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female. Study the graph given below regarding menstrual cycle and answer the questions that follow:
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a. Name the hormones and their source organ, which are responsible for menstrual cycle at puberty. (1)
b. For successful pregnancy, at what phase of the menstrual cycle an early embryo (upto 3 blastomeres) should
be Implanted in the Uterus (IUT) of a human female who has opted for Assisted Reproductive Technology
(ART)? Support your answer with a reason. (1)
c. Name the hormone and its source organ responsible for the events occurring during proliferative phase of
menstrual cycle. Explain the event. (2)
OR
In a normal human female, why does menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised?
Explain. (2)

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30. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that
divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer often has the
ability to spread throughout your body. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world.

i. How does a cancerous cell differ from a normal cell? (1)

ii. Benign tumor is less dangerous than malignant tumor. Why? (1)
iii. Describe causes of cancer. (2)
OR
Mention two methods of treatment of the disease. (2)
Section E

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31. Describe the process of megasporogenesis in angiosperms until 8 nucleate stage. [5]

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OR
a. Where is microsporangium located in an angiosperm? State the functions of tapetum and the other three layers of
microsporangium.
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b. Describe the structure of the male gametophyte produced as a result of microsporogenesis.
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c. State the functions of each part of the male gametophyte.
32. Study the figure given below and answer the following questions: [5]
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i. Name the molecule 'X' synthesized by 'i' gene. How does this molecule gets inactivated?
ii. Which one of the structural genes codes for β -galactosidase?
iii. When will the transcription of this gene stop?
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OR
Observe the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:

i. Name the molecule M that binds with the operator.

ii. Mention the consequences of such binding.
iii. What will prevent the binding of the molecule M with the operator gene? Mention the event that follows.
33. A gene was identified in a fungus by a research worker in a lab which was considered to be of a great [5]
importance in the field of agriculture. As a student of biotechnology, write the steps you would suggest to (i)
Isolate this gene of interest from the fungus and (ii) amplify this gene for further experimentation and research.
OR

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A vector is a way to take a sequence of DNA, usually, and introduce it into another place. So what vectors do is allow
you to propagate the DNA you're interested in, in the organism you've chosen to propagate it in. So the simplest one
is the origins of recombinant DNA technology: They made copies of RNAs, and they were able to insert these into
what is known as plasmids.

Unless the vector and source DNA are cut, fragments separated and joined, the desired recombinant vector molecule
cannot be created.
i. How are the desirable DNA sequences cut?
ii. Explain the technique used to separate the cut fragments.
iii. How are the resultant fragments joined to the vector DNA molecule?

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