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Chap 1

Poultry farming involves the domestication of birds for their eggs, meat, and feathers, with a significant focus on chickens in India. The industry has evolved from small-scale backyard operations to a major commercial sector, making India one of the largest producers of eggs and broiler meat globally. Poultry farming contributes to income generation, fertilizer production, food sources, pest control, and educational research, with a growing market valued at approximately Rs. 80,000 crore.

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19 views12 pages

Chap 1

Poultry farming involves the domestication of birds for their eggs, meat, and feathers, with a significant focus on chickens in India. The industry has evolved from small-scale backyard operations to a major commercial sector, making India one of the largest producers of eggs and broiler meat globally. Poultry farming contributes to income generation, fertilizer production, food sources, pest control, and educational research, with a growing market valued at approximately Rs. 80,000 crore.

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weliciv611
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1:

Introduction of Poultry Farming


Sub: Poultry Management
By: Dumbare Y.K.
What is Poultry
Definition
• Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, meat or
feathers.
• According to agriculture diary, poultry refers to a wide range of birds of
various species and it applies to them generally alive or dressed that is
killed and prepared for sales.
• It involves chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, pigeons, peacock,
peafowl, ostriches, quails and even other game birds.
• Most of them may be classified based on the basis of utility, economic
value or purpose and this may include meat type, Egg type, dual purpose,
game, ornamental etc.
• In India, poultry, is very often used as synonymous to chicken as they are
more commonly found in our country and are of great importance for
meat and egg.
• Chicken, and upto certain extent, ducks are kept for commercial
production of both eggs and meat. Turkey, guinea fowl, geese and others
are maintained for meat.
Cont….
• These birds are most typically members of the
super-order Galloanserae (fowl), especially
the order Galliformes (which includes
chickens, quails and turkeys).
• Poultry science is the study of practices and
principles involved in production and
marketing of poultry and its products. It
include breeding, nutrition, management,
housing, disease control and marketing.
Importance of poultry farming and poultry
development in India
Poultry development in India
• History testifies the dominance of India in poultry even during 1000
B.C
• The first missionary poultry farm was set up in Uttar Pradesh in
1907.
• A modest beginning towards commercial poultry farming was
launched in a pilot project in Orissa in the beginning of 1950.
• During this period, 33 extension centers were started in different
parts of the country to supply improved breeds of layer fowls to
interested farmers.
 Middle of 1950s
• During the middle of 1950s, the Orissa pilot project was developed
into an all India Poultry.
• This was the first large scale organized effort towards modern
poultry farming in the country.
• Development Project to encourage backyard rearing in rural areas with
improved varieties of fowls and to popularize layer poultry farming on
commercial scale in urban areas.
• Five regional poultry breeding farms were established in various parts of
the country.
 In 1960s
• Through the adaptation of scientific rearing systems and practices like
deep litter housing, balanced feeding, preventive vaccination, etc., poultry
farming emerged as a commercially viable enterprise in the 1960s.
• During this period that the intensive egg and poultry „production-cum-
marketing programme with an area development and package approach‟
was introduced. This was considered a landmark in poultry development
in India.
• This period witnessed dramatic growth in the number of layer poultry
farms.
 In 1970
• In the beginning of the 1970s, thrust was given to expansion of poultry
marketing facilities.
• The permission to breed layer and broiler chicks in private hatcheries and
the launching of modern poultry complex
 In 1980s
• It was during the middle of the eighties that the government made sufficient
provision for the research and development in poultry sector, with
special emphasis on poultry meat processing.
 In 1990s
• The beginning of 1990s witnessed a transition in poultry farming. The
phenomenal expansion in broiler production compelled layer poultry
farmers and private layer hatcheries to shift to broiler fowls because of its
relative financial advantage.
• This gestation period showed visible variations in the movement of layer
parent stock, layer feed production and egg production whereas the broiler
poultry business in the same period was growing up gradually.
• the number of hatcheries in India since 1990, it was found that the number
of poultry hatcheries in the private sector declined in the beginning. This
was due to the decline of layer poultry farming in many states and the time
lag for converting the layer poultry farms into broiler poultry farms.

• In 2012, the UN Food and Agricultural Organization ranked India the sixth
largest chicken meat producing country and the third largest egg producing
country.
Importance of poultry farming
1. Business or source of income:
• Poultry can be a small scale or large scale business.
• It is very good source of income generation option for the marginal and
small income farmer.
• It provides source of income and opportunities of employment at poultry
farms, hatcheries, poultry processing units, equipments manufactures,
meat and egg marketing channels etc.
• In rural areas, since less investment is required to start the enterprises, it
has attained a status of “Cottage Industry”.
• Quick returns can be expected from the investment. For e.g hatchries
enterprises return is possible under 21 days.
e.g Eggs are started 18 to 21 days
2. Fertilizer
• Poultry manure is extremely rich source of nitrogen and organic matter. It
contains 1.0-1.8% nitrogen. 1.4-1.8% P2O2 and 0.8-0.9% K2O, hence is
very good fertilizers.
3. As a Food:
• poultry egg and meat are the best source of vitamin and minerals
• Also rich source of protein
4. Bug and Weed Control
Poultry are exceptionally good at eating the unwanted weeds
and pests that could harm your desired plants. They must be
placed in targeted areas in gardens & fields to avoid harming
crops.
5. Breeding Stock
Some Poultry are kept for the sole purpose of breeding in order
to increase your stock and productivity. Most breeders select
a specific set of characteristics (i.e. rate of egg laying, meat
quality) and breed poultry that have said traits.
6. Education
In animal and medical research, birds are used as experimental
unit.
Eggs use in vaccine preparation.
Perspective of Poultry farming in India
• Poultry is the fastest growing segment of agricultural
sector in India with an average 8 to 10% per year.
• As a result, India is now the world's fifth largest egg
producer and the eighteenth largest producer of broilers.
• Poultry meat is the fastest growing component of global
meat demand, and India, the world's second largest
developing country, is experiencing rapid growth in its
poultry sector.
• Poultry sector in India is valued at about Rs. 80,000 crore
(2015-16) broadly divided into two sub-sectors –
• • One with a highly organized commercial sector with
about 80% of the total market share (Rs. 64,000 crore)
• • Other being unorganized with about 20% of the total
market share of Rs. 16,000 Crore.
Status of Poultry Industry in India
• Today, India is one of the world's largest producers of eggs and broiler
meat.
• The poultry industry in India has undergone an exemplary transformation
in structure and operation over the last two decades, evolving from a
simple backyard poultry farming that appears to be very fast into a mega-
industry with a large number of workers.
• India is the world's third largest egg producer and sixth largest broiler
producer.
• Commercial poultry farms contribute 75% of egg production, while
household/backyard poultry farms contribute the remaining 25%, and
broiler production is 4.9 million MT (4th in Broiler Production).
• During the fiscal year 2021-22, the country exported 320,240.46 MT of
poultry products to the world for a total value of Rs. 529.81 Crores/71.04
USD Millions.
• Oman, Maldives, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bhutan, Japan, and Russia are the
major export destinations for India.
• Contribution of Poultry in country economy is enormous . The role of
poultry in enhancement of nutrition status of family of poor family as
well as economy generation
• The total poultry population in the country
has increased by 16.8% over the previous
census (DAHD, 2019).
• Nearly four million tonnes of broiler meat and
about 103.32 billion of eggs are produced
annually in India. • Broiler production is
mainly concentrated in the states of Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar
Pradesh, and Telangana.

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