Bihar Engineering University, Patna

VIT" Semester Examination - 2023

Course: B. Tech. Time: 03 Hours
Code: 100804 Subject: Power Quality and FACTS Full Marks: 70

Instructions:
() The marks are indicated in the ight-hand margin.
(ii) There are NINE questions in this paper.
(iii) Atempt FIVE questions in al.
(iy)
Question No. I is compulsory.
Q Write the ansSwer of the following (Any seven question only): [2x7=14]
(a) What is voltage sag and swel1?
(b) What are the functions of STATCOM in the improvement of power $ystem
performance?
(c) What are the basic types of FACTS controllers?
(d) Compare the operation of series and shunt compensation.
(e). What is the main cause of harmonic distortion?
() Define impulsive transients.
(e) Discuss the working of SSSC.
(h) Write the functions of different power electronics switching devices.
() Draw the power angle curve of SMIB system with mìdpoint SVC compensation.
) Analyze the role of harmonics on the communicaion lines.

02 (a) What is harmonics? Explain harnmonic distorfion with relevant waveform? EEE
(b) What is power frequency variation? Howdoes frequency affect voltage?
STATO
(a) Explain the working Draw the V-I characteristics of SVC and
STATCOM and compare théirperformances.
(b) Derive the expression for active as well reactive power flow in a lossless [7]
transmission line and draw its necessary phasor diagram.

Q.4 (a) What is the need ofpowerquality standards? Mention the various IEBE standard for [7]
power quality
(b Explain the rDechanism of harmonic generation. Differentiate between harmonics [71
and inter-hármonics.
2.5 (aDisuss different power quality problems in the distribution systems. Also discuss [71
the applications of suitable compensators to mitigate the respective power quality
HIGproblems.
Differentiate between voltage sourced converters (VSCs) and current sourced [71
converters (CSCs) in FACTS applications. Illustrate the single - phase full-wave
bridge VSC converter operation with the help of different operating waveforms.

0.6 (a) What is flicker meter? Explain the various instruments used for power quality [7]
measurements along with the criteria for the selection for above purpose.
(b) Explain monitoring requirements of different types of power quality variation. [7]
Illustrate the features of power quality monitoring and assessment.

Compare HVDC and FACTs in the context of bulk power transmission. Illustrate the [14]
operation of a series FACTs controller by using a suitable example. IS Back-to Back VSC
-HVDCis considered as a FACTs device?

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0.8 (a) State the importance of power factor in industry as per power quality study. [4]
(b) What is meant by PWM? Explain single pulse and multiple pulse PWM techniques [10]
using proper waveforms.

Q.9 Write short notes on any two of the following: [7x2 =14]
(a) Reactive power compensation &its techniques
(b) Thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC) controller
(c) Multi pulse and multi level converters
(d) Application ofD-STATCOM. 8 / 2 0
1 2
3 3: 0 3

2 8

1 2 6 ,

E D C

H I G HCLOYN F I D E NDTO
I ACL U

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 Bihar Engineering University, Patna
VIT" Semester Examination - 2023
Course: B. Tech. Time: 03 Hours
Code: 100802 Subject: Control Systems design Full Marks: 70

Instructions:
() The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
(ii) There are NINE questions in this paper.
(iii) Attempt FIVE questions in all.
(iv) Question No. I is compulsory. B25/08/
1 230:2
03%

Q1 Answer any seven of the following: [2 x7

a Define Controllability and observability.
(b) What are the advantages of state space repreoresentation?
What is the effect of PI controller on the system performance?
(d Write the effect of lag-lead Compensator.
(e How phase margin determined from bode's plot?
( / Why Compensation is necessary for feedback control systems?
(8Define resonant peak and resonant frequency.
(hy Define under damped, over damped and critically damped systems.
(
() Define phase-plane technique.
() List out the different frequency domain specification?0

2 Consider asystem whose transfer function is givenby [14]

G(s) = 10/(s+ 1)(s+3)
It is to be controlled under unity negative feedback.
) Draw the bode's plot and determine the phasemargin and gain margin.
) Design a suitable compensator so that the phase margin is improved by 30º and
velocity error constant is greater than 5/sec.

93 (a) A second order system has one mode which is observable but not controllable and [7]
another mode which jis controllable but not observable. Determine the number of
modes that can be ch£nged by state feedback.
(b) Obtain the correlation between a proportional plus derivative controller and a Lead [7]
Compensator
04 (a) Explain the design procedure of lag-lead compensators. [7]
(b) Desin PD controller for the following system whose open loop transfer function is [7]
G H given by G(s)=1/[ s(st1)], so that the closed loop system meets the following
specification. (i) Time constant is greater than 1 sec and (i) overshoot is less than
10%.use Routh-Hurwitz's criterion for design.

The state space representation of a system is given below [14]

0
-3
2
and
y= (0 1 0|
Check for Controllability and observability.

Page 1 of 2
BEU/M_0»
 06 Aunity feedback servo driven instrument has open-loop transfer function [14]
10
G(s) =
s(s + 2)
Find the following:
(i)) The time domain response for a unit step input;
(ii) The natural frequency of oscillation;
(ii) The maximum overshoot and peak time;
(iv) Steady-state error to an input 1+4t.
2 0 2133 : 0 2

Q7 (a) For a given unity feedback control system with forward path transfer function
120
G(s) = s(s + 12.63)
Determine the following:
(i) The damping ratio when a unit step input is applied;
(i) The damping ratio, percentage peak overshoot and setting time if a PD
controller with Kp = land Kp= 1/40 is introduced in the forward path.
(b) A 20- order system has overshoot of 40% and period of oscillations 0.25 sec. when [7]
subjected to unit step input. Determine the resonant peak, resoñant frequency and
bandwidth.

0 8 a Describe the differént types of singular points and. discuss their importance in [71
|4
stability analyses of non-linear system.
Derive the describing function of saturation non-linearity. E
[7]

[7x2=14]
Write short notes on any two of the following:
(9
Effect of various non-linearity on system performance
Ackerman's formula for feedback gain design
D E N TDI A Lß

(c) Effect of addition of pole and zero on system performance.

D

n2
 Bihar Engineering University, Patna
VIT" Semester Examination - 2023
Course: B.Tech. Time: 03 Hours
Code: 103804 Subject: Computer Network Full Marks: 70

Instructions:
() The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
(ii) There are NINE questions in this paper.
(ii) Atempt FIVE questions in all.
(iv) Question No. I is compulsory.
0.1 Choose the correct answer of the following (Any seven question only): [2 x7=14]
(a) In OSI model accounting, addressing and routing functions of the system are provided
by: 2 3 / 0 8 / 2 0 2 3

) application layer (ii) network layer

(ii) transport layer (iv) physical layer
(b) Identify the layer which is responsible for data translating.
i) Network APSTNDp
(i) Datalink
(ifi) presentation (iv) Application
() What kind of transmission medium is most appropriate toyçarry data in a computer
network that is exposed to electrical interferences?
i) Unshielded twisted pair () Optical fibie
(ii) Coaxial cable (iv) Microwave
(d Application layer is implemented on
ý End system
(iii) Ethernet (iv) Route
(e What is the term used when the
JME
main server send mail to another mail server
(i) FTP (iZ SMTP
(iii) TCP/P (ii) MIME
( The number of layers in ISO Osi reference model is
(i) 4 () 5
(iii) 6 Gy 7
(g) Which software prevents the external access to a system ?
) Firewall (i) Gateway
(iii) Router (iv) Virus checker
(h Which of the following are transport layer protocol used in networking?
(i)TCP and FTP (ii) UDP and HTTP
HlGHL (i1) TCP and UDP (iv) HTTP and FTP
(i), Identify among the following network device used to connect two dis-similar types of
network
(i) Switch (i) Hub
(if Bridge (iv) Gateway
Choose among the following, which is the most common internet protocol.
(i) PPP (ii) FTP
(ii) TCP/P (iv) SMTP

(a) What is digital signature? How do digital signature work? What are the benefits of
digital signatures?
(b) What is a firewall? Types of Firewalls? Why do we need firewals?
[7]

Page 1 of 2
 [7]
help of neat figure
(a) Explain sliding window mechanism with significance of each field.
(b) Draw IPv4 datagram format, Mention the
(DSSS) and its [71
define direct sequence spread
(a) What is spread spectrum? Also
advantages &disadvantages [7]
ALOHA and slotted ALOHA
(b) Write the differences between pure
model. [7]
different layers of the OSI
(a) Explain all the responsibilities of the [7]
Explain the different of Ethernet,
(b)
14]
type of network topologies in computer
Define computer network? Discuss various
2 3 / 0 8 / ~
1 032 3

4 Q6 disadvantages of each topology

network. Also discuss various advantages and
neat figure [71
2.7 (a) Explain selective repeat ARQ protocol with help of [7]
proper example..
(b) What is Checksum? How is it calculated? Explain with
[7x2=14]
0.8 Explain the following error detection techniques @

(a) Checksum
(b) CRC

0.9 (a) Explain basic principles of mobile communication, repeater are necessary in [7]
Describe repeater. State the situation under which
E D C

(b)
network
D O C U M E N T

C O N F I D E N T I A L

H I G H L Y

Page 2 of 2
 Bihar Engineering University, Patna
VIT" Semester Examination - 2023
Course: B. Tech. Time: 03 Hours
Subject: Digital Image Processing Full Marks: 70
Code: 100815

Instructions:
() The marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
(ii) There are NINE questions in this paper.
(iii) Attempt FIVE questions in all.
(iv) Question No. I is compulsory.
Q.1 Write the answer of the following (Any seven question only): [2 x7=14]
(a) In........image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the
higher side on intensity scale. 43
4) bright (ii) dark p 2 3
(iii) colorful (iv) all of these
(b) In which steps of the processing, the images are subdivided successfully into smaller
regions?
(i) Image enhancement () Image acquisition
(iii) Segmentation (iv) Wavelets
() Ideal filters can be
(i) LPF (ii) HPFo
(ii) BPF (iy) allofthese
(d) Each elements of image matrix is called
()dots (ü) coordinates
(ii) pixel (i) value
(e) Which of the following is the first and foremost step in image processing?
J M E N

)Image acquisition (ii) Segmentation

(ii) Image enhancement (iv) Image restoration
() Method in which images are input and attributes are output is called
(i) low level processes (i) high level processes
äi) mid level processes (iv) edge level processes
(e) Primary colours for reflecting sources are
(i) red, green, blue (i) cyan, magenta, yellow
(ii) both (i) and (i) (iv) none of these
Which of the following is the abbreviation of JPEG?
(h)
Toint photographic experts group (ii) Joint photographs expansion group
() Joint photographic expanded group (iv) Joint photographic expansion group
(i) What is the general form of representation of log transformation?
s=clogo (1/r)
H I G H L Y

)s=clog1o (1+r)
(iii) s =c log1o (1 xr) (iv) s = clog1o(1-)
) What is the image processing technique which is used to improve the quality image for
human viewing?
() Compression i i Enhancement
(ii) Restoration (iv) Analysis

Explain the components of a general purpose Digital Image Processing System [7]
with a neat block diagram.
(b) What are the applications of Digital Image Processing System? 14]
(c) What are the disadvantages of Digital Image Processing System?
(3]

Page 1 of 2
0.3 (a) Explain the following terms [7]
(i) Log transformation (ii) Intensity level slicing
(b) With block diagram, explain the fundamental step in Digital Image Processing (7]
System.
(a) Explain any two of the following properties of 2D-DFT with suitable equation: [6]
) Convolution (i) Correlation (ii) Separability (iv) Translation
(b) Explain following image transform: [8]
DHadamard Transform ) Fourier Transform 13:1

Define connectivity. What is the difference between 8-connectivity and mB / 2 0

1 233:
[7]
connectivity?
(b) If an image I is of 8-bit and has 1500 rows and 1300 columns, then find the [7]
following:
(i) Calculate how many mega-pixels this image has.
(ii) Calculate the size of the image.
(iii) Calculate how many pixels are required per inch, if the screen 1s 5.
0.6,(a} What is meant by image subtraction? Discuss various areas efapplication of image
subtraction.
8) Whàt are the elements of visual perception? Explain in brief. [7]

Q.7 (a) Define Discrete Fourier Transform and its inverse? [7]
State distributivity and scaling property? [7]

0.8 (a) Enumerate the differences between the image enhancement and image restoration? [7]
(b) What are the derivative operators
CU se'ul
M in image segmentation? Explain their role [7]
in segmentation?

0.9 Write short notes on the following;

(a) Image Subtraction [4]
HIGH
C L
O
(b)
YNFIDEG
Power Transform
(c) Image averaging [5]

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