CSAT UPSC PRELIMS 2021

Directions for the following 4 (four) items:

Read the following four passages and answer the items that follow. Your answer to these items should
be based on the passages only.

Passage – 1

With respect to what are called denominations of religion, if everyone is left to be a judge of his own
religion, there is no such things as religion that is wrong; but if they are to be a judge of each other’s
religion, there is no such thing as a religion that is right, and therefore all the world is right or all the
world is wrong in the matter of religion.

Q.1. What is the most logical assumption that commonwealth than in another, it is certain
can be made from the passage given above? that the former has neither enough pursued the
end of unity, nor framed its laws with sufficient
(a) No man can live without adhering to some
forethought; and that, therefore, it has failed in
religious denomination.
making quite good its right as a commonwealth.
(b) It is the duty of everyone to propagate one’s
Q.2. Which among the following is the most
religious denomination.
logical and rational inference that can be made
(c) Religious denominations tend to ignore the from the passage given above?
unity of man.
(a) Seditions, wars, and breach of the laws are
(d) Men do not understand their own religious inevitable in every dominion.
denomination.
(b) It is not the people, but the sovereign who is
Answer: c responsible for all the problems of any
dominion.
Explanation
(c) That dominion is the best which pursues the
Religious denominations tend to ignore the aim of unity and has laws for good citizenship.
unity of man because if there was unity of man,
all the man would treat all the religion at par (d) It is impossible for men to establish a good
and there would not be any question of one dominion.
religion dominating the other.
Answer: c
Passage – 2
Explanation
It is certain, that seditions, wars, and contempt
It is mentioned in the passage that men’s
or breach of the laws are not so much to be
natural passions are everywhere the same; and
imputed to the wickedness of the subjects, as to
if wickedness more prevails, and more offences
the bad state of a dominion. For men are not
are committed in one commonwealth than in
born fir for citizenship but must be made so.
another, it is certain that the former has neither
Besides, men’s natural passions are everywhere
enough pursued the end of unity, nor framed its
the same; and if wickedness more prevails, and
laws with sufficient forethought; and that,
more offences are committed in one
therefore, it has failed in making quite good its
right as a commonwealth. So that dominion is Answer: a
the best which pursues the aim of unity and has
Explanation:
laws for good citizenship.
The passage talks about the removal of
Passage – 3
inequalities so we can assume that equalities
Inequality violates a basic democratic norm: the are prerequisites for people to participate in
equal standing of citizens. Equality is a relation social transactions and interactions with
that obtains between persons in respect of confidence.
some fundamental characteristic that they
The passage also talks about the violation of
share in common. Equality is, morally speaking,
democratic norms when inequality is present, it
a default principle. Therefore, persons should
is being assumed that the occurrence of
not be discriminated on grounds such as race,
inequality can threaten the survival of
caste, gender, ethnicity, disability, or class.
democracy itself and therefore we should strive
These features of human condition are morally
to remove it.
irrelevant. The idea that one should treat
persons with respect not only because some of Passage – 4
these persons some special features or talent,
for example skilled cricketers, gifted musicians, Aristocratic government ruins itself by limiting
or literary giants, but because persons are too narrowly the circle within which power is
human being, is by now part of commonsense confined; oligarchic government ruins itself by
morality. the incautious scramble for immediate wealth.
But even democracy ruins itself by excess of
Q.3. With reference to the above passage, the democracy. Its basic principle is the equal right
following assumptions have been made: of all to hold office and determine public policy.
This is, at first glance, a delightful arrangement;
1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to
it becomes disastrous because the people are
participate in the multiple transactions of
not properly equipped by education to select
society from a position of confidence.
the best rulers and the wisest courses. The
2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the people have no understanding and only repeat
survival of democracy. what their rulers are pleased to tell them. Such
a democracy is tyranny or autocracy. – Plato
3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that
cannot actually be realised even in a Q.4. Which one of the following statements
democracy. best reflects the crux of the passage given
above?
4. Right to equality should be incorporated into
our values and day-to-day political vocabulary. (a) Human societies experiment with different
forms of governments.
Which of the above assumptions are valid?
(b) Any form of government tends to
(a) 1 and 2 only
deteriorate by excess of its basic principle.
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Education of all citizens ensures a perfect,
(c) 1 and 4 only functional and sustainable democracy.

(d) 3 and 4 only

(d) Having a government is a necessary evil Select the correct answer using the code given
because tyranny is inherent in any form of below:
government.
(a) 1 only
Answer: a
(b) 2 only
Explanation:
(c) Both 1 and 2
Passage has discussed two forms of government
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Aristocratic and democracy and it has shown
how both form can turn into tyrannies due to Answer: c
their excesses.
Explanation:
Q.5 In a group of 120 persons, 80 are Indians
and rest are foreigners. Further, 70 persons in Three non-zero digits which are multiples of 3
the group can speak English. The number of are: 3, 6, and 9.
Indians who can speak English is All 3-digit numbers (without repetition of digits)
(a) 20 obtained using three non-zero digits which are
multiples of 3 are 369, 396, 639, 693, 936, 963
(b) 30
S = 3996
(c) 30 or less
3996is divisible by both 74 and 9.
(d) 30 or more
So answer is c
Answer: d
Q.7) There are two Classes A and B having 25
Explanation: and 30 students respectively. In Class-A the
highest score is 21 and lowest score is 17. In
The maximum possible number of Indians who
Class-B the highest score is 30 and lowest score
can speak English is 70 and this case arises if all
is 22. Four students are shifted from Class-A to
the English speaking people are Indians.
Class-B.
The minimum possible number of Indians who
Consider the following statements:
can speak English is 30 and this case arises if all
the foreigners speak English. 1. The average score of Class-B will definitely
decrease.
The number of Indians who can speak English
lies between 30 and 70. 2. The average score of Class-A will definitely
increase.
Q.6. Consider all 3-digit numbers (without
repetition of digits) obtained using three non- Which of the above statements is/are correct?
zero digits which are multiples of 3. Let S be
their sum. (a) 1 only

Which of the following is/are correct? (b) 2 only

1. S is always divisible by 74. (c) Both 1 and 2

2. S is always divisible by 9. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: a
Explanation:

Since students coming from class A have lower

score than class average so average of class B
will definitely decrease.

Since we cannot be sure regarding the marks of

the 4 students which have been moved from
class A so we cannot say with surety that the
average score of Class-A will definitely increase.

Q.8. Consider two Statements and a Question:

Statement-1: Priya is 4 ranks below Seema and

is 31st from the bottom.

Statement-2: Ena is 2 ranks above Seema and is

37th from the bottom.

Question: What is Seema’s rank from the top in

the class of 40 students?

Which one of the following is correct in respect

of the Statements and the Question?

(a) Statement-1 alone is not sufficient to answer

the Question

(b) Statement-2 alone is not sufficient to

answer the Question Q.9. Consider two Statements and a Question:
(c) Either Statement-1 alone or Statement-2 Statement-1: Each of A and D is heavier than
alone is sufficient to answer the Question each of B, E and F, but none of them is the
heaviest.
(d) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are
required to answer the Question Statement-2: A is heavier than D, but is lighter
than C.
Answer: c
Question: Who is the heaviest among A, B, C, D
Explanation:
and E?

Which one of the following is correct in respect

of the Statements and the Question?

(a) Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the

Question

(b) Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the

Question
(c) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are India faces a challenging immediate future in
required to answer the Question energy and climate policy-making. The
problems are multiple: sputtering fossil fuel
(d) Neither Statement-1 alone nor Statement-2
production capability; limited access to
alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
electricity and modern cooking fuel for the
Answer: a poorest; rising fuel imports in an unstable
global energy context; continued electricity
Explanation: pricing and governance challenges leading to its
As per statement 1: A and D > B, E and F costly deficits or surplus supply; and not least,
growing environmental contestation around
Since none of the A, D, B, E and F are heaviest, land, water and air. But all is not bleak: growing
we can conclude that C must be the heaviest. energy efficiency programmes; integrated
Hence Statement-1 alone is sufficient to answer urbanization and transport policy discussions;
the Question. inroads to enhancing energy access and
As per statement 2: C > A > D. Using this security; and bold renewable energy initiatives,
statement alone we cannot determine who is even if not fully conceptualized, suggest the
the heaviest among A, B, C, D and E. promise of transformation.

Q.10. In the English alphabet, the first 4 letters Q.11) Which one of the following statements
are written in opposite order, and the next 4 best reflects the critical message conveyed by
letters are written in opposite order and so on; the passage given above?
and at the end Y and Z are interchanged. Which (a) India’s energy decision-making process is
will be the fourth letter to the right of the 13th ever more complex and interconnected.
letter?
(b) India’s energy and climate policy is heavily
(a) N tuned to sustainable development goals.
(b) T (c) India’s energy and climate actions are not
(c) H compatible with its broader social, economic
and environmental goals.
(d) I
(d) India’s energy decision-making process is
Answer: b straightforward supply-oriented and ignores the
demand side.
Explanation:
Answer: a
According to question the letters are arranged
as follows: DCBA HGFE LKJI PONM TSRQ XWVU Explanation:
ZY. 13th letter in this arrangement is P. And the
4th letter to right of P is T. The central theme of passage is challenges and
prospects of energy and climate policy. The
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: multiple problems such as sputtering fossil fuel
production capability; limited access to
Read the following four passages and answer
electricity and modern cooking fuel for the
the items that follow. Your answers to these
poorest; rising fuel imports in an unstable
items should be based on the passages only.
global energy context; continued electricity
Passage – 1 pricing and governance challenges leading to its
costly deficits or surplus supply etc. make Policy makers and media have placed the blame
India’s energy decision-making process more for skyrocketing food prices on a variety of
complex and interconnected. factors, including high fuel prices, bad weather
in key food producing countries, and the
Passage – 2
diversion of land to non-food production.
There are reports that some of the antibiotics Increased emphasis, however, has been placed
sold in the market are fed to poultry and other on a surge in demand for food from the most
livestock as growth promoters. Overusing these populous emerging economies. It seems highly
substances can create superbugs, pathogens probable that mass consumption in these
that are resistant to multiple drugs and could be countries could be well poised to create a food
passed along humans. Mindful of that, some crisis.
farming companies have stopped using the
Q.13. With reference to the above passage, the
drugs to make chickens gain weight faster. Since
following assumptions have been made:
Denmark banned antibiotic growth promoters
in the 1990s, the major pork exporters says it is 1. Oil producing countries are one of the
producing more pigs – and the animals get reasons for high food prices.
fewer diseases.
2. If there is a food crisis in the world in the
Q.12. Which one of the following statements near future, it will be in the emerging
best reflects the critical message conveyed by economies.
the passage given above?
Which of the above statements is/are valid?
(a) People should avoid consuming the products
(a) 1 only
of animal farming.
(b) 2 only
(b) Foods of animal origin should be replaced
with foods of plant origin. (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Using antibiotics on animals should be (d) Neither 1 nor 2
banned.
Answer: d
(d) Antibiotics should only be used to treat
diseases. Explanation:

Answer: d The passage only mentions that high fuel prices

is a reason for skyrocketing food prices but it
Explanation: not mentioned anywhere that oil-producing
countries are reasons for high fuel prices. Hence
Passage mentions the ill effects of antibiotics as
statement 1 is incorrect.
growth promoters and how some farming
companies have stopped using the drugs to The passage says that it seems highly probable
make chickens gain weight faster. Also Denmark that mass consumption in emerging countries
the major pork exporters banned antibiotic could be well poised to create a food crisis but
growth promoters in the 1990s and says it is it doesn’t explicitly says that it will be in
producing more pigs and the animals get fewer emerging countries. Hence statement 2 is
diseases. incorrect.
Passage – 3 Passage – 4
A central message of modern development Q.15. Seven books P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are
economics is the importance of income growth, placed side by side. R, Q and T have blue covers
by which is meant growth in Gross Domestic and other books have red covers. Only S and U
Product (GDP). In theory, rising GDP creates are new books and the rest are old. P, R and S
employment and investment opportunities. As are law reports; the rest are Gazetteers. Books
incomes grow in a country where the level of of old Gazetteers with blue covers are
GDP was once low, households, communities,
(a) Q and R
and governments are increasingly able to set
aside some funds for the production of things (b) Q and U
that make for a good life. Today GDP has
assumed such a significant place in the (c) Q and T
development lexicon, that if someone mentions (d) T and U
“economic growth”, we know they mean
growth in GDP. Answer: c

Q.14. With reference to the above passage, the Explanation:

following assumptions have been made: P : red cover , old book , law reports
1. Rising GDP is essential for a country to be a Q : blue cover , old book , Gazetteer
developed country.
R : blue cover , old book , law reports
2. Rising GDP guarantees a reasonable
distribution of income to all households. S : red cover , new book , law reports

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? T : blue cover, old book , Gazetteer

(a) 1 only U : red cover , new book , Gazetteer

(b) 2 only V : red cover , old book , Gazetteer

(c) Both 1 and 2 Q.16. Replace the incorrect term by the correct
term in the given sequence
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
3, 2, 7, 4, 13, 10, 21, 18, 31, 28, 43, 40
Answer: d
where odd terms and even terms follow the
Explanation: same pattern.
The passage says that in theory, rising GDP (a) 0
creates employment and investment
opportunities but it is not explicitly mentioned (b) 1
that Rising GDP is essential for a country to be a
(c) 3
developed country. Hence statement 1 is
incorrect. (d) 6

It is nowhere mentioned in the passage that Answer: a

Rising GDP guarantees a reasonable distribution
Explanation:
of income to all households. Hence statement 2
is incorrect.
First term in even series should be replaced by
0.

Q.16. Following is a matrix of certain entries.

The entries follow a certain trend row-wise.
Choose the missing entry (?) accordingly.

Q.18) You are given two identical sequences in

two rows:

(a) 9B

(b) 3A
What is the entry in the place of C for the
(c) 3B Sequence-II?
(d) 3C (a) 2.5
Answer: c (b) 5
Explanation: (c) 9.375
The letter is shifting in a cyclic manner from row (d) 32.8125
to row
Answer: c

Explanation:

Sequence I

1st term: 8

2nd term: 8 × 0.5 = 4

3rd term: 4 × 1.5 = 6

4th term: 6 × 2.5 = 15

Sequence II Distance covered by Y in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th
hour is 1.25 km, 1.5 km, 1.75 km, 2 km
1st term: 5
respectively.
2nd term: 5 × 0.5 = 2.5
So, the total distance covered by Y in 5 hours =
rd
3 term: 2.5 × 1.5 = 3.75 1 + 1.25 + 1.5 + 1.75 + 2 = 7.5 km

4th term: 3.75 × 2.5 = 9.375 They cover same distance in 5 hour so they will
take 5 hours to meet.
So 9.375 is the entry in the place of C for the
Sequence-II. Now distance between places A and B = 15 km
so they will meet in midway of A & B.
Q.19. A person X from a place A and another
person Y from a place B set out at the same So both the statement are correct.
time to walk towards each other. The places are
Q.20. A student appeared in 6 papers. The
separated by a distance of 15 km. X walks with a
maximum marks are the same for each paper.
uniform speed of 1.5 km/hr and Y walks with a
His marks in these papers are in the proportion
uniform speed of 1 km/hr in the first hour, with
5 : 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 10. Overall he scored 60%. In
a uniform speed of 1.25 km/hr in the second
how many number of papers did he score less
hour and with a uniform speed of 1.5 km/hr in
than 60% of the maximum marks?
the third hour and so on.
(a) 2
Which of the following is/are correct?
(b) 3
1. They take 5 hours to meet.
(c) 4
2. They meet midway between A and B.
(d) 5
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: Answer

(a) 1 only Explanation:

(b) 2 only Let maximum marks in each subject as 100. So

total marks of 6 subject is 600
(c) Both 1 and 2
Boy scored total 60% which means 60X600/100
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
= 360 marks total
Answer: c
As per question: 5x + 6x + 7x + 8x + 9x + 10x =
Explanation: 360

Speed of X = 1.5 km/hr X=8

So, Distance covered by X in 5 hours = 5 X 1.5 = So he scored paper: 40, 48, 56, 64, 72 and 80
7.5 km
So in 3 paper he scored less than 60%.
st
Speed of Y in 1 hour = 1 km/hr
Passage – 1
st
So, Distance covered by Y in 1 hour = 1 X 1 = 1
Fig trees (genus Ficus) are considered sacred in
km
India, East Asia and Africa and are common in
agricultural and urban landscapes where other grow where other large woody species cannot
large trees are absent. In natural forests, fig grow.
trees provide food for wildlife when other
Statement 3 is correct: Sacred trees can have a
resources are scarce and support a high density
role in biodiversity conservation as people tend
and diversity of frugivores (fruit-eating animals).
to save them and thus protecting the
If frugivorous birds and bats continue to visit to
biodiversity.
fig trees located in sites with high human
disturbances, sacred fig trees may promote Statement 4 is correct: Fig trees have a role in
frugivore abundance. Under favourable the seed dispersal of other tree species.
microclimate, plenty of seedlings of other tree
species would grow around fig trees. Passage – 2

Q.21. On the basis of the passage given above, At the heart of agroecology is the idea that
the following assumption have been made: agroecosystems should mimic the biodiversity
levels and functioning of natural ecosystems.
1. Fig trees can often be keystone species in Such agricultural mimics, like their natural
natural forests. models, can be productive, pest-resistant,
nutrient conserving, and resilient to shocks and
2. Fig trees can grow where other large woody
stresses. In ecosystems there is no ‘waste’,
species cannot grow.
nutrients are recycled indefinitely. Agroecology
3. Sacred trees can have a role in biodiversity aims at closing nutrient loops, i.e., returning all
conservation. nutrients that come out of the soil back to the
soil such as through application of farmyard
4. Fig trees have a role in the seed dispersal of
manure. It also harnesses natural processes to
other tree species.
control pests and build soil fertility i.e., through
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? intercropping. Agroecological practices include
integrating trees with livestock and crops.
(a) 1 and 2 only
Q.22. Consider the following:
(b) 3 only
1. Cover crops
(c) 2 and 4 only
2. Fertigation
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
3. Hydroponics
Answer: d
4. Mixed farming
Explanation:
5. Polyculture
Statement 1 is correct: In natural forests, fig
trees provide food for wildlife when other 6. Vertical farming
resources are scarce and support a high density
Which of the above farming practices can be
and diversity of frugivores (fruit-eating animals).
compatible with agroecology, as implied by the
Hence Fig trees can often be keystone species in
passage?
natural forests.
(a) 1, 4 and 5 only
Statement 2 is incorrect: This is not explicitly
mentioned in the passage that the Fig trees can (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 6 only Q.23. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the most critical inference that can
(d) 4 and 6 only
be made from the passage given above?
Answer: a
(a) Computers are not completely safe.
Explanation:
(b) Companies producing the software do not
Statement 1 is correct: Agroecological practices take cyber security seriously.
include integrating trees with livestock and
(c) Stringent data security laws are needed.
crops so cover crop is included.
(d) The present trend of communication
Statement 2 and 3 are incorrect: The farming
technologies will affect our lives in future.
practices of Fertigation and Hydroponics are
artificial methods and are not compatible with Answer: d
agroecological systems.
Explanation:
Statement 4 and 5 are correct: Agroecology
Computers increasingly deal not just with
aims at closing nutrient loops, i.e., returning all
abstract data like credit card details and
nutrients that come out of the soil back to the
databases, but also with the real world of
soil such as through application of farmyard
physical objects and vulnerable human bodies.
manure. It also harnesses natural processes to
The arrival of the “Internet of Things” will see
control pests and build soil fertility i.e., through
computers baked into everything from road
intercropping. It include polyculture and mixed
signs and MRI scanners to prosthetics and
farming.
insulin pumps. In this way the present trend of
Statement 6 is incorrect: The vertical cropping communication technologies will affect our lives
are artificial methods and are not compatible in future.
with agroecological systems.
Passage – 4
Passage – 3
A social and physical environment riddled with
Computers increasingly deal not just with poverty, inequities, unhygienic and insanitary
abstract data like credit card details and
conditions generates the risk of infectious
databases, but also with the real world of
diseases. Hygiene has different levels: personal,
physical objects and vulnerable human bodies.
domestic
A modern car is a computer on wheels; an
aeroplane is a computer on wings. The arrival of and community hygiene. There is no doubt that
the “Internet of Things” will see computers personal cleanliness brings down the rate of
baked into everything from road signs and MRI infectious
scanners to prosthetics and insulin pumps.
There is little evidence that these gadgets will diseases. But the entry of the market into this
be any more trustworthy than their desktop domain has created a false sense of security
counterparts. Hackers have already proved that that gets
they can take remote control of internet conditioned and reinforced by the onslaught of
connected cars and pacemakers. advertisements. Experience in Western Europe
shows
that along with personal hygiene, general Statement 1 is incorrect: It cannot be concluded
improvements in environmental conditions and that from the passage that the people who are
components obsessed with personal hygiene tend to ignore
the community hygiene.
like clean water, sanitation and food security
have brought down infant/child Statement 2 is incorrect: Emergence of multi-
death/infections rates drug resistant germs cannot be prevented by
just by personal cleanliness.
considerably. The obsession with hand hygiene
also brings in the persisting influence of the Statement 3 is incorrect: Entry of the market in
market on the domain of hygiene decreases the risk of
infectious diseases.
personal health, overriding or marginalizing the
negative impact on ecology and the emergence Statement 4 is correct: Scientific and micro-
of level interventions are not sufficient to bring
down the burden of infectious diseases.
resistant germs.
Statement 5 is correct: It is community hygiene
Q.24. On the basis of the passage given above,
implemented through public health measures
the following assumptions have been made:
that is really effective in the battle against
1. People who are obsessed with personal infectious diseases.
hygiene tend to ignore the community hygiene.

2. Emergence of multi-drug resistant germs can

Q.25. A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and
be prevented by personal cleanliness.
Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take
3. Entry of the market in the domain of hygiene the
increases the risk of infectious diseases.
Statement to be true even if it seems to be at
4. Scientific and micro-level interventions are variance from the commonly known facts. Read
not sufficient to bring down the burden of all Conclusions and then decide which of the
infectious diseases. given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow from
the Statement, disregarding the commonly
5. It is community hygiene implemented known facts.
through public health measures that is really
effective in the battle against infectious Statement: Some cats are almirahs. Some
diseases. almirahs are chairs. All chairs are tables.

Which of the above assumptions are valid? Conclusion-I: Certainly some almirahs are
tables.
(a) 1 and 2 only
Conclusion-II: Some cats may not be chairs
(b) 3 and 4 only
Which one of the following is correct?
(c) 4 and 5 only
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(d) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) Only Conclusion-II
Answer: c
(c) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
Explanation:
(d) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II When ball hits the ground for the 1st time, its
height = (4/5) × 150 = 120 cm
Answer: c
When ball hits the ground for the 2nd time, its
Explanation:
height = (4/5) × 120 = 96 cm

When ball hits the ground for the 3rd time, its
height = (4/5) × 96 = 76.8 cm

When ball hist the ground for the 4th time, its
height = (4/5) × 76.8 = 61.44 cm

When ball hits the ground for the 5th time, its
height = (4/5) × 61.44 = 49.15 cm

Since, it is given that if the previous height is

less than 50 cm, the ball does not bounce
further. So we can say that after the ball hits
the ground for the 6th time, it doesn’t bounce
back.

Q.27. Images of consonants of the English

alphabet (Capitals) are observed in a mirror.
What is the number of images of these which
do not look like their original shapes?
From the figures it can be inferred that both
Conclusion 1 and 2 are correct. (a) 13

Q.26. A boy plays with a ball, and he drops it (b) 14

from a height of 1.5 m. Every time the ball hits
(c) 15
the ground, it bounces back to attain a height
4/5th of the previous height. The ball does not (d) 16
bounce further if the previous height is less
than 50 cm. What is the number of times the Answer: b
ball hits the ground before the ball stops Explanation:
bouncing?
All the consonants of the english alphabet are:
(a) 4
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K , L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W,
(b) 5 X, Y, Z
(c) 6 So. there are a total of 21 consonants.
(d) 7 The number of consonants whose images look
Answer: c like them are:

Explanation: H, M, T, V, W, X and Y

Given Height = 1.5 m = 1.5 × 100 cm = 150 cm Therefore, there are a total of 7 such
consonants.
Hence, the number of consonants whose (c) 8
images do not look like them = 21 – 7 = 14
(d) 9
Q.28. A bank employee drives 10 km towards
Answer: d
South from her house and turns to her left and
drives another 20 km. She again turns left and Explanation:
drives 40 km, then she turns to her right and
drives for another 5 km. She again turns to her Integers between 700 to 1000, in which sum of
right and drives another 30 km to reach her the digits is 10 are 703, 712, 721, 730, 802, 811,
bank where she works. What is the shortest 820, 901 and 910.
distance between her bank and her house? Hence answer is 9.
(a) 20 km Q.30. A woman runs 12 km towards her North,
(b) 25 km then 6 km towards her South and then 8 km
towards her East. In which direction is she from
(c) 30 km her starting point?
(d) 35 km (a) An angle less than 45o South of East
Ans. (b) (b) An angle less than 45o North of East
Explanation: (c) An angle more than 45o South of East

(d) An angle more than 45o North of East

Answer: b

Explanation:

Q.29. Integers are listed from 700 to 1000. In

how many integers is the sum of the digits 10?

(a) 6 Directions for the following 4 (four) items :

(b) 7
Read the following four passages and answer pea-aphids in grasslands. So, it can be
the items that follow. Your answers to these concluded that proper intensity of light in an
items should ecosystem is important not only for plants but
for animals too.
be based on the passage only.
Passage – 2
Passage – 1
Approximately 80 percent of all flowering plant
Researchers simulated street lighting on
species are pollinated by animals, including
artificial grassland plots containing pea-aphids,
birds and mammals, but the main pollinators
sap-sucking
are insects. Pollination is responsible for
insects, at night. These were exposed to two providing us with a wide variety of food, as well
different types of light – a white light similar to as many plant-derived medicines. At least one-
newer commercial LED lights and an amber light third of the world’s agricultural crops depend
similar to sodium street lamps. The low upon pollination. Bees are the most dominant
intensity amber light was shown to inhibit, taxa when it comes to pollination and they are
rather than induce, flowering in a wild plant of crucial to more than four hundred crops.
the pea family which is a source of food for the Pollination is an essential service that is the
pea-aphids in grasslands. The number of aphids result of intricate relationship between plants
was also significantly suppressed under the light and animals, and the reduction or less of either
treatment due to the limited amount of food affects the survival of both. Effective pollination
available. requires resources, such as refuges of pristine
natural vegetation.
Q.31. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the most critical inference that can Q.32. On the basis of the passage given above,
be made from the passage given above? the following assumptions have been made:

(a) Low intensity light has more adverse effect 1. Sustainable production of India’s cereal food
on the plants as compared to high intensity grains is impossible without the diversity of
light. pollinating animals.

(b) Light pollution can have a permanent 2. Monoculture of horticultural crops hampers
adverse impact on an ecosystem. the survival of insects.

(c) White light is better for the flowering of 3. Pollinators become scarce in cultivated areas
plants as compared to the light of other colours. devoid of natural vegetation.

(d) Proper intensity of light in an ecosystem is 4. Diversity in insects induces diversity of plants.
important not only for plants but for animals
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
too.
(a) 1 only
Answer: d
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
(c) 1 and 2 only
It is mentioned in the passage that the low
intensity amber light was shown to inhibit, (d) 3 and 4 only
rather than induce, flowering in a wild plant of
Answer: d
the pea family which is a source of food for the
Explanation: From the lines of the passage "These climatic
shifts will have an impact on the hydrological
From this lines of the passage "Pollination is an
cycles in the region, lead to more runoff and
essential service that is the result of an intricate
less recharge, and affect the groundwater
relationship between plants and animals, and
tables.", it can be said that the climate changes
the reduction or loss of either affects the
increase the criticality of water resources while
survival of both", it can be assumed that
simultaneously threatening best reflects the
diversity in insects induces diversity of plants.
crux of the passage.
Passage – 3
Passage – 4
A study conducted on the impacts of climate
Researchers were able to use stem cells to
change over the Cauvery basin of Tamil Nadu
gauge the neurotoxic effects of the
using regional climate models showed an
environmental pollutant Bisphenol A (BPA).
increasing trend for maximum and minimum
They used a combination of biochemical and
temperatures, and a decrease in the number of
cell-based assays to examines the gene
rainy days. These climatic shifts will have an
expression profile during the differentiation of
impact on the hydrological cycles in the region,
mouse embryonic stem cells upon treatment
lead to more run-off and less recharge, and
with BPA, a compound known to cause heart
affect the groundwater tables. Further, there
diseases, diabetes, and developmental
has been an increase in the frequency of
abnormalities in humans. They were able to
droughts in the State. This has driven farmers to
detect and measure BPA toxicity towards the
increase dependency on groundwater resources
proper specification of primary germ layers,
to secure their crops.
such as endoderm and ectoderm, and the
Q.33. Which one of the following statements establishment of neural progenitor cells.
best reflects the crux of the passage given
Q.34. On the basis of the passage given above,
above?
the following assumptions have been made:
(a) Development of regional climate models
1. BPA may alter embryonic development in
helps in choosing climate-smart agricultural
vivo.
practices.
2. Biochemical and cell-based assays are useful
(b) Heavy dependence on groundwater
in finding out treatments for pollutioninduced
resources can be reduced by adopting dry-land
diseases.
cropping systems.
3. Embryonic stem cells could serve as a model
(c) Climate changes increase the criticality of
to evaluate the physiological effects of
water resources while simultaneously
environmental pollutants.
threatening it.
Which of the above assumptions are valid?
(d) Climate changes cause the farmers to adopt
unsustainable livelihoods and risky coping (a) 1 and 2 only
strategies.
(b) 2 and 3 only
Answer: c
(c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: c 3^3 = 27

Explanation: 3^4 = 81

Statement 1 is correct: Scientist used a 3^5 = 243

combination of biochemical and cell-based
3^6 = 729
assays to examine the gene expression profile
during the differentiation of mouse embryonic Unit place of the power of 3 repeats after every
stem cells upon treatment with BPA, a 4 steps.
compound known to cause heart diseases,
diabetes, and developmental abnormalities in On dividing 2019 by 4 we get a remainder of 3.
humans BPA may alter embryonic development Hence, 3^2019 will have the same last digit as
in vivo. that of 33, i.e. 7.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Biochemical and cell- (33)/10 = 27/10
based assays are useful in finding out gene
expression profile during the differentiation of Hence, the remainder will be 7.
mouse embryonic stem cells upon treatment Q.36. The number 3798125P369 is divisible by
with BPA. It is not explicitly mentioned in the 7. What is the value of the digit P?
passage that Biochemical and cell-based assays
are useful in finding out treatments for (a) 1
pollution induced diseases.
(b) 6
Statement 3 is correct: Embryonic stem cells
(c) 7
could serve as a model to evaluate the
physiological effects of environmental (d) 9
pollutants.
Answer: b
Q.35. If 3^2019 is divided by 10, then what is
Explanation: The given number in terms of
the remainder?
triplets of digits, starting from the right to left
(a) 1 are: 037, 981, 25P, 369

(b) 3 Now, 369 – 25P + 981 – 037 = 1350 – 250 - P -

37 = 1063 - P
(c) 7
Now 1067 – P = 151X7 + 6 – P
(d) 9
Now for 151X7 + 6-P to be divisible by 7 the
Ans. (c)
value of 6-P must be zero.
Explanation:
So, 6-P = 0
It’s given that: 32019 is divided by 10.
So, P = 6
Now,
Q.37. From January 1, 2021, the price of petrol
3^1 = 3 (in Rupees per litre) on mth day of the year is 80
+ 0.1m, where m = 1, 2, 3, …, 100 and thereafter
3^2 = 9 remains constant. On the other hand, the price
of diesel (in Rupees per litre) on nth day of 2021
is 69 + 0.15n for any n. On which date in the (b) P = 50 + 12n
year 2021 are the prices of these two fuels
(c) P = 50 (2)12n
equal?
(d) P = 50 (2)n/12
(a) 21st May
Answer: d
(b) 20th May
Explanation:
(c) 19th May
Population is getting doubled every 12 years,
(d) 18th May
and population in the year 2021 is 50 animals.
Answer: a
So, after 12 years it will get doubled to 100
Explanation: animals.

Price of the diesel on nth day of the year = 69 + P = 50 × 2n/12 = 50 × 212/12 = 50 × 2 = 100
0.15n animals.

Price of the petrol on mth day of the year = 80 + Q.39. In a class, 60% of students are from India
0.1m and 50% of the students are girls. If 30% of the
Indian students are girls, then what percentage
Where m = 1 to 100. After which it remains
of foreign students are boys?
constant.
(a) 45%
Therefore, Price of the petrol on and after
100th day = 80 + 0.1 × 100 = 80 + 10 = Rs. 90 (b) 40%

Now, total number of days till 30th April = 31 + (c) 30%

28 + 31 + 30 = 120 days
(d) 20%
Option b:
Answer: d
20th May means 120 + 20 = 140 days
Explanation:
Therefore, Price of the diesel = 69 + 0.15 × 140
Let total number of students in the class be X.
= 90
Indian students = 0.6X
So, on 20th May 2021, price of these two fuels
will be equal. So, foreign students = 0.4X
Q.38. A biology class at high school predicted Total number of girls students = 0.5X
that a local population of animals will double in
size every 12 years. The population at the According to the question,
beginning of the year 2021 was estimated to be Total number of Indian girl students = 30% of
50 animals. If P represents the population after Indian students = 0.6X*0.3 = 0.18X
n years, then which one of the following
equations represents the model of the class for So, foreign girl students = 0.5X – 0.18X = 0.32X
the population? Foreign boy students = 0.4X – 0.32X = 0.08X
(a) P = 12 + 50n So, percentage of boys among foreign students
= (0.08X/0.4X) × 100 = 20%
Q.40. A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Read the following two passages and answer
Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take the items that follow. Your answers to these
the Statement to be true even if it seems to be items should be based on the passages only.
at variance from the commonly known facts.
Passage-1
Read all Conclusions and then decide which of
the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow Medieval merchants risked the hazards of the
from the Statement, disregarding the Silk Road to reach the markets of China;
commonly known facts. Statement: Some Portuguese caravels in the 15th century sailed
radios are mobiles. All mobiles are computers. beyond the bounds of the known world,
Some computers are watches. searching less for knowledge than for gold and
spices. Historically, the driver for opening
Conclusion-I: Certainly some radios are
frontiers has always been the search for
watches.
resources. Science and curiosity are weaker
Conclusion-II: Certainly some mobiles are drivers. The only way to open up space,
watches. whether the space of solar system or
interstellar space is to create an economic
Which one of the following is correct?
engine and that engine is resource extraction.
(a) Only Conclusion-I
Q.41. Which one of the following statements
(b) Only Conclusion-II best sums up the passage given above?

(c) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II (a) Wealth generation is the primary motive for
any human endeavour.
(d) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II
(b) Space, whether space in solar system or
Ans. (d) interstellar space, will govern our future
Explanation: economy.

(c) Human beings are motivated to explore new

frontiers principally by economic
considerations.

(d) Wealth generation is based on the risk-

taking behaviour of some men.

Answer: c

Explanation:

According to passage Human beings are

motivated to explore new frontiers principally
by economic considerations.

Passage-2

"........ most people would agree that telling

deliberate lies is wrong, except perhaps in
Directions for the following 3 (three) items: certain special situations where more harm will
be done by telling the truth. Even the most
truthful people probably tell a good many more elements in the human body. Given that
lies that might be regarded as semantic lies; proteins correspond to 16% and water
their use of words contains some measure of corresponds to 70%. If both proteins and the
falsehood, more or less deliberate." other dry elements correspond to p%, then
what is the central angle of the sector
Q.42. The idea which the first part of the
representing p on the pie diagram?
passage mention is
(a) 54°
(a) agreement about telling lies.
(b) 96°
(b) disagreement about telling lies.
(c) 108°
(c) disagreement about telling the truth.
(d) 120°
(d) disagreement about the harm in telling the
truth. Answer: c

Ans. (a) Explanation:

Explanation: Percentage of Other Dry Elements in the human

body = 100 – Percentage of Proteins -
"........ most people would agree that telling
Percentage of Water = 100 – 16 - 70 = 14%.
deliberate lies is wrong, except perhaps in
certain special situations where more harm will So, percentage of both Proteins and Other Dry
be done by telling the truth. This line of passage Elements (p) = 16 + 14 = 30%
specifies agreement about telling lies.
100% corresponds to 360 degree
Q.43. Which one of the following habits is found
So 30% will corresponds to 30*360/100 = 108
more often in good people ?
degree.
(a) Mixing up the true and false
Q.45. Joseph visits the club on every 5th day,
(b) Intentional mixing up of truth with the false. Harsh visits on every 24th day, while Sumit
visits on every 9th day. If all three of them met
(c) Falsification of facts
at the club on a Sunday, then on which day will
(d) Complete concealment of truth all three of them meet again ?

Answer: b (a) Monday

Explanation: (b) Wednesday

“Even the most truthful people probably tell a
(c) Thursday
good many more lies that might be regarded as
semantic lies; their use of words contains some (d) Sunday
measure of falsehood, more or less deliberate."
Answer: b
This line of passage tells about the habit of
Intentional mixing up of truth with the false Explanation:
found more often in good people.
Joseph visits the club every 5th day.
Q.44. A pie diagram shows the percentage
distribution of proteins, water and other dry Harsh visits the club every 24th day.
Sumit visits the club every 9th day. So, 9 (x – y) = 54

The next time they will meet again will be the Or x – y = 6

LCM of these time-periods.
So, statement 2 is correct.
LCM (5, 24, 9) = 360
The possible pair of such two-digit numbers are:
So, all the three will meet 360 days after (17, 71), (28, 82), (39, 93)
Sunday. Now, we need not count 360 days.
Respective product of their digits are: 1 × 7 = 7;
Rather we will use the concept of odd days.
2 × 8 = 16; 3 × 9 = 27
Odd number of days in 360 = Remainder when
So, we can determine the exact number-pair
360 is divided by 7 = 3
and hence the sum of their digits, if we know
So, they will meet again on Sunday + 3 = the product of their digits.
Wednesday
So, statement 1 is also correct.
Q.46. The difference between a 2-digit number
Q.47. X said to Y, "At the time of your birth I
and the number obtained by interchanging the
was twice as old as you are at present." If the
positions of the digits is 54.
present age of X is 42 years, then consider the
Consider the following statements: following statements:

1. The sum of the two digits of the number can 1. 8 years ago, the age of X was five times the
be determined only if the product of the two age of Y.
digits is known.
2. After 14 years, the age of X would be two
2. The difference between the two digits of the times the age of Y.
number can be determined.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: b
Answer: c
Explanation:
Explanation:
Present age of X is 42 years.
Let assume the number be xy, which can be
Let the present age of Y be y years.
written as 10x + y
According to the question, 42 – y = 2y or 3y = 42
The number obtained on interchanging the
or y = 14 years
positions of the digits will be yx which can be
written as 10y + x So, at present the ages of X and Y are 42 and 14
respectively.
Difference between these two numbers = (10x +
y) – (10y + x) = 9x – 9y = 9 (x – y) = 54
Statement 1 in incorrect: Eight years ago, the Multiply the numbers given in the options by 7,
ages of X and Y must have been 34 and 6 and check which multiplication gives you a
respectively which is not 5 times. resultant comprising of all 1’s.

Statement 2 is correct: After 14 years, the ages 15873 × 7 = 111111

of X and Y will be 56 and 28 respectively. In this
Q.50. A man completes 7/8 of a job in 21 days.
age of X is twice of Y.
How many more days will it take him to finish
Q.48. If the price of an article is decreased by the job if quantum of work is further increased
20% and then the new price is increased by by 50%
25%, then what is the net change in the price?
(a) 24
(a) 0%
(b) 21
(b) 5% increase
(c) 18
(c) 5% decrease
(d) 15
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient
Answer: d
data
Explanation:
Answer: a
Initial units of work = 8 units
Explanation:
7 out of 8 units are completed in 21 days.
Let the initial price be X
Quantum of work after it got increased by 50%
New price on decreasing the original price by
= 8 + 50% of 8 = 8 + 4 = 12 units
20% = X– 0.2X = 0.8X
Work remaining = 12-7 = 5 units
Now, the final price on increasing the previous
price by 25% = 0.8X + 25% of 0.8X = 0.8X + 0.2X Now the number of days taken by man in
=X completing one unit of work = 21/7 = 3 days
So, there is no net change in price. So, the time taken by the man to complete the
rest of the work = 5 × 3 = 15 days
Q.49. When a certain number is multiplied by 7,
the product entirely comprises ones only Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
(1111...). What is the smallest such number?
Read the following two passages and answer
(a) 15713 the items that follow. Your answers to these
items should be based on the passages only.
(b) 15723
Passage-1
(c) 15783
Can a democracy avoid being a welfare state for
(d) 15873
long? Why cannot mass welfare be left entirely
Answer: d to the markets? There is a built-in tension
between markets and democracy. Markets do
Explanation:
not work on a one person-one-vote principle as
democracies do. What one gets out of the
market place depends on one's endowments, Passage-2
skills, purchasing power and the forces of
In our schools, we teach our children all that is
demand and supply. Markets reward individual
there to know about Physics, maths and history
initiative and skill, and may also lift many from
and what-have you. But do we teach them
the bottom rungs of society, but some people
about the bitter caste divide that plagues the
never get the opportunity to develop skills that
country, about the spectre of famine that stalks
markets demand; they are simply too poor and
large part of our land, about gender sensitivity,
too handicapped; or skill formation takes too
about the possibility of atheism as a choice,
long. By creating jobs, markets may be able to
etc.? Equally important, do we teach them to
help even unskilled people, but capitalism has
ask question, or do we teach them only to
always witnessed bursts of unemployment.
passively receive our wisdom? From the
Q.51. With reference to the above passage, the cocooned world of school, suddenly, the
following assumptions have been made: adolescent finds himself/herself in the
unfettered world of university. Here he/she is
1. Modern democracies rely on the market
swept up in a turmoil of ideas and influences
forces to enable them to be welfare states.
and ideologies. For someone who has been
2. Markets ensure sufficient economic growth discouraged from asking questions and forming
necessary for democracies to be effective. an opinion, this transition can be painful.

3. Government programmes are needed for Q.52. Which one of the following best reflects
those left behind in economic growth. the central idea of the passage given above?

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) School curriculum is not compatible with the
expectations of children and parents.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) Emphasis on academic achievements does
(b) 3 only give time for development of personality and
(c) 2 and 3 only skills.

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Preparing the children to be better citizens

should be the responsibility of the education
Answer: b system.
Explanation: (d) To be a better citizen, the present world
Statement 1 is incorrect: there is discussion on order demands societal and life-coping skills in
market forces in the passage. addition to academic content.

Statement 2 is incorrect: According to passage Answer: d

there is a built-in tension between markets and Explanation:
democracy so the view is second statement is
opposite to the view of passage. To be a better citizen, the present world order
demands societal and life-coping skills in
Statement 3 is correct: As market cannot ensure addition to academic content best reflects the
equality or equity the government programmes central idea of the passage given above.
are needed for those left behind in economic
growth. Q.53. There are three points P, Q and R on a
straight line such that PQ:QR = 3:5. If n is the
number of possible values of PQ:PR, then what
is n equal to ?

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 4

Answer: b

Explanation:

Q.55. In the series_b_a_ba_b_abab_aab; fill in

the six blanks (_) using one of the following
given four choices such that the series follows a
specific order.

(a) bababa

(b) baabba

(c) bbaabb
Q.54. On a chess board, in how many different
ways can 6 consecutive squares be chosen on (d) ababab
the diagonals along a straight path? Answer: d
(a) 4 Explanation:
(b) 6 The pattern being followed in the above series
(c) 8 is: abb, then aab again abb, then aab, and so on.

(d) 12 So the series will be: a b b / a a b / a b b / a ab /

ab b / aab.
Answer: b
Q.56. Using 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 as digits, how many
Explanation: distinct numbers greater than 30000 can be
formed?

(a) 3

(b) 6
(c) 9 Statement 2 is correct:

(d) 12 1+2+3=6

Answer: b And 1 × 2 × 3 = 6

Explanation: Q.58. A cubical vessel of side 1 m is filled

completely with water. How many millilitres of
For the number to be greater than 30000, it
water is contained in it (neglect thickness of the
must start with the digit 3. Also, as only 5 digits
vessel)?
are given to us, all must be used.
(a) 1000
3____
(b) 10000
The 4 blanks have to be filled by two 2’s and
two 3’s. (c) 100000

Number of ways to do so = 4!/(2! 2!) = 6 (d) 1000000

These numbers are: 33322, 33232, 33223, Answer: d

32332, 32323, and 32233.
Explanation:
Q.57. Consider the following statements:
1 cubic meter = 1000000 mililiters
1. The sum of 5 consecutive integers can be
Q.59. There are 6 persons arranged in a row.
100.
Another person has to shake hands with 3 of
2. The product of three consecutive natural them so that he should not shake hands with
numbers can be equal to their sum. two consecutive persons. In how many distinct
possible combinations can the handshakes take
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
place?
(a) 1 only
(a) 3
(b) 2 only
(b) 4
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 5
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 6
Answer: c
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct:
Let the six individuals be numbered a, b, c, d, e,
Let the 5 consecutive numbers be y-2, y-1, y, and f.
y+1, y+2
So, another person can shake hands with:
Their sum = 5y = 100
a, c, e
Or y = 20
a, d, f
So, the numbers are 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22.
a, c, f
b, d, f The best universities like Harvard and MIT,
despite having the luxury of having some truly
Hence, he can shake hands in 4 ways
excellent teachers on their payroll, are
Q.60. An amount of money was distributed increasingly embracing the "flipped classroom"
among A, B and C in the ratio p : q : r. format, where students listen to video lectures
at home, and spend class time applying their
Consider the following statements : knowledge, solving problems, discussing
1. A gets the maximum share if p is greater than examples, etc. Professors guide that discussion
(q+r). and fill in wherever necessary, explaining those
bits that seem to be eluding the students and
2. C gets the minimum share if r is less than throwing in advanced ideas that happen to be
(p+q). topical. These universities have made their
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? video lectures available free for anyone in the
world. They are also encouraging colleges and
(a) 1 only universities all over the world to integrate these
online courses into their own pedagogy, picking
(b) 2 only
the pieces that are appropriate for their needs
(c) Both 1 and 2 and building a package around them.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.61. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the central idea of the passage
Answer: a
given above?
Explanation:
(a) Efficacy of universities would be better in
Statement 1 is correct: online mode of conducting classroom tuition as
compared conventional method.
If p > (q + r), then p is definitely the largest
number. (b) Availability of higher education can be made
easier and cheaper without diluting the
So, in this case A must have got the maximum content.
share.
(c) We need not invest much in infrastructure
Statement 2 is incorrect related to higher education and yet develop
If r < (p + q), then r may or may not be the better human and social capital.
smallest number. (d) Private sector institutions in higher
For example, 7 < (9 + 3) education as well as coaching institutes can
take advantage of this opportunity and thrive
So, in this case C may or may not have got the well.
minimum share.
Answer: C
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
Explanation:
Read the following two passages and answer
the items that follow. Your answers to these “We need not invest much in infrastructure
items should be based on the passages only. related to higher education and yet develop
better human and social capital” best reflects
Passage-1 the central idea of the passage given above.
Passage-2 same quality from the same store. If Jay bought
3 pens and 5 pencils, and Vijay bought 2 pens
Our cities are extremely vulnerable to climate
change because of large concentrations of and 7 pencils, then which one of the following is
populations and poor infrastructure. Moreover, correct ?
population densities are increasing in them but
(a) A pencil costs more than a pen.
we have not yet developed the systems to
address climate change impacts. Our cities (b) The price of a pencil is equal to that of a pen
contribute to 65 percent of the GDP, but there
are not enough facilities to cater to the needs of (c) The price of a pen is two times the price of a
the people. It is important to address the issues pencil
of air quality, transport, etc., that are vital to (d) The price of a pen is three times the price of
identifying sustainable solutions. We need to a pencil
involve citizens in city planning and create an
ecosystem that meets the needs of people. Answer: c

Q.62. Which among the following is the most Explanation:

logical and rational inference that can be made Let the price of a pen and a pencil be x, and y
from the passage given above? respectively.
(a) Our cities need to have well-defined According to the question,
administrative set-up with sufficient autonomy.
3x + 5y = 2x + 7y
(b) Ever increasing population densities is a
hindrance in our efforts to achieve sustainable Or x = 2y
development.
So, price of a pen is twice as that of a pencil.
(c) To maintain and develop our cities we need
Q.64. P scored 40 marks more than Q in an
to adopt sustainability related interventions.
examination. If Q scored 10% less marks than P,
(d) Public-Private Partnership mode of then
development is the viable long-term solution
how much did Q score.
for the infrastructure and sustainability
problems of India. (a) 360

Answer: c (b) 380

Explanation: (c) 400

To maintain and develop our cities we need to (d) 420

adopt sustainability related interventions is the
Answer:
most logical and rational inference that can be
made from the passage given above. Explanation:
Q.63. Jay and Vijay spent an equal amount of According to question
money to buy some pens and special pencils of
the Let marks of Q is x

Marks of P = x + 40.
Q scored 10% less marks than P. So, a = b – 40 = 120 – 40 = 80

So, x = 90% of (x + 40) And c = b + 40 = 120 + 40 = 160

Or 10x = 9x + 360 So, money with X, Y and Z will be Rs. 80, Rs.
120, and Rs. 160.
Or x = 360
Total amount of money with X, Y and Z = a + b +
So, Q scored 360 marks.
c = 80 + 120 + 160 = Rs. 360
Q.65. A person P asks one of his three friends X
Q.66. In a code language 'MATHEMATICS' is
as to how much money he had. X replied, "If Y
written as 'LBSIDNZUHDR'. How is CHEMISTRY'
gives me Rs. 40, then Y will have half of as much
written in that code language?
as Z, but if Z gives me Rs. 40, then three of us
will have equal amount." What is the total (a) DIDLHRSSX
amount of money that X, Y and Z have?
(b) BIDNHTSSX
(a) Rs. 420
(c) BIDLHTSSX
(b) Rs. 360
(d) DGFLIRUQZ
(c) Rs. 300
Answer: b
(d) Rs. 270
Explanation:
Answer: b
The pattern is, the code is obtained by taking
Explanation: preceding letter of the alphabets at odd
positions in the given word and succeeding
Let the amount of money with X, Y and Z be a, b
letter of the alphabets at even positions in the
and c.
given word.
According to the question

If Y gives me Rs. 40, then Y will have half of as

much as Z.

That is, b – 40 = c/2

Or c = 2b – 80 (1)

If Z gives me Rs. 40, then three of us will have

equal amount.

That is, a + 40 = b = c – 40

So, a = b – 40

And c = b + 40 (2)

Using statements (1) and (2), we get: Q.67. At which one of the following times, do
the hour hand and the minute hand of the clock
2b – 80 = b + 40 make an angle of 180° with each other?
Or b = 120
(a) At 7:00 hours 7a = 567

(b) Between 7:00 hours and 7:05 hours A = 81

(c) At 7:05 hours So, 81 answers are correct

(d) Between 7:05 hours and 7:10 hours And 9 answers are incorrect

Answer: d Q.69. Consider the following addition problem:

3P+4P+PP+PP = RQ2; where P, Q and R are
Explanation:
different digits. What is the arithmetic mean of
all such possible sums?

(a) 102

(b) 120

(c) 202

(d) 220

Answer: c

Explanation:

3P + 4P + PP + PP = RQ2
Q.68. In an objective type test of 90 questions,
5 marks are allotted for every correct answer Or 30 + P + 40 + P + 10P + P + 10P + P = 100R +
and 2 marks are deducted for every wrong 10 Q + 2
answer. After attempting all the 90 questions, a
Or 24P + 70 = 100R + 10 Q + 2
student got a total of 387 marks. What is the
number of incorrect responses? Or 20P + 70 + 4P = 100R + 10 Q + 2
(a) 9 The unit digit of the resultant is 2. The values of
P such that P*4 will give 2 at unit place are 3 or
(b) 13
8.
(c) 27
If P = 3, then:
(d) 43
24P + 70 = 24 × 3 + 70 = 72 + 70 = 142
Answer: a
If P = 8, then:
Explanation:
24P + 70 = 24 × 8 + 70 = 192 + 70 = 262
Let the number of correct answers = a
Arithmetic sum of 142 and 262 = (142 + 262)/2
Then the number of incorrect answers=90-a = 202

According to question Q.70. Consider the following multiplication

problem:
5a-2(90-a) = 387
(PQ)×3 = RQQ, where P, Q and R are different
5a-180+2a = 387
digits and R≠ 0.
What is the value of (P+R)÷Q? Q.71. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the central idea of the passage
(a) 1
given above?
(b) 2
(a) The conceptions of what is right or wrong
(c) 5 exist due to the formation of a state.

(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient (b) Unless a ruling authority decides as to what
data is right or wrong, no man would be morally
right.
Answer: b
(c) Man is inherently immoral and selfish in a
Explanation: natural state.
According to question (d) The idea of what is right or wrong is
PQ × 3 = RQQ necessary for the survival of human species.

Only Q = 5 after multiplication by 3 will give the Answer: a

units as 5. Explanation:
P5 × 3 = R55 The conceptions of what is right or wrong exist
Putting P = 8 we get 85 × 3 = 255 due to the formation of a state best reflects the
central idea of the passage given above.
So, R = 2, P = 8, Q = 5
Passage-2
So,
In the immediate future, we will see the
(P+R)/Q = (8 + 2)/ 5 = 2 increasing commodification of many new
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: technologies – artificial intelligence and
robotics, 3D manufacturing, custom made
Read the following four passages and answer biological and pharmaceutical products, lethal
the items that follow. Your answers to these autonomous weapons and driverless cars. This
items should be based on the passages only. will pose conundrums. The moral question of
how a driverless car will decide between hitting
Passage -1
jaywalker and swerving and damaging the car
Nothing can exist in a natural state which can has often been debated. The answer is both
be called good or bad by common assent, since simple- save the human life- and complex. At
every man who is in natural state consults only which angle should the car swerve- just enough
his own advantage, and determines what is to save the jaywalker or more than enough? If
good or bad according to his own fancy and the driverless car is in Dublin, who would take
insofar as he has regard for his own advantage the decision? The Irish Government, or the car’s
alone, and holds himself responsible to no one original code writer in California, or a software
save himself by any law; and therefore sin programmer in Hyderabad to whom
cannot be conceived in a natural state, but only maintenance is out sourced? If different
a civil state, which is decreed by common national jurisdictions have different fine print
consent what is good or bad, and each one on prioritizing a human life, how will it affect
holds himself responsible to the state.
insurance and investment decisions, including slow pace of resolution by the National
transnational ones? Company Law Tribunal, the Code can be helpful
in cleaning up bank books in future credit
Q.72. Which of the following statements best
cycles. The recapitalization of public sector
reflect the rational, plausible, and practical
banks too can help increase the capital cushion
implications that can be derived from the
of banks and induce them to lend more and
passage given above?
boost economic activity. But bad debt
1. Too much globalization is not in the best resolution and recapitalization are only a part of
interests of any country. the solution as they, by themselves, can do very
little to rein in reckless lending that has pushed
2. Modern technologies are increasingly the Indian banking system to its current sorry
blurring the economic borders. state. Unless there are systemic reforms that
3. Innovation and capital have impinged on the address the problem of unsustainable lending,
domain of the state. future credit cycles will continue to stress the
banking system.
4. Public policy of every country should focus on
developing its own supply chains. Q.73. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the most logical, rational and
5. Geopolitics will have to reconcile to many practical suggestion implied by the passage
ambiguities and uncertainties. given above?
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) Lending by the banks should be closely
below: monitored and regulated by the central
(a) 1, 4 and 5 only Government.

(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only (b) Interest rates should be kept low so as to

induce banks to lend more, promote credit
(c) 2, 3 and 5 only growth and thereby boost economic activity.
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (c) Merger of many banks into a few large banks
alone in the long-term solution to make them
Answer: c
viable and prevent their bad performance.
Explanation:
(d) Indian banking system requires structural
Statement 1 is incorrect: because too much reforms as a long-term solution for bad loans
globalization is not in the best interests of any problem.
country is a sweeping statement about
Answer: d
globalization. Thus, we can use elimination
technique and eliminate (a), (b) and (d). Explanation:
Thus, option (c) is correct. It is clearly mentioned in the passage that the
need for the same in the lines, "Unless there are
Passage-3
systemic reforms that address the problem of
The resolution of bankruptcy cases of Indian unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will
banks under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy continue to stress the banking system."
Code should help bring non-performing assets
Passage-4
(NPA) situation under some control. Despite the
In India, the objective of macroeconomics policy (c) C
is to enhance the economic welfare of the
(d) D
people, and any one wing of such macro policy,
monetary or fiscal, cannot independently work Answer: b
without active support of another.
Explanation:
Q.74. Which one of the following statements
best reflects the corollary to the passage given The fastest run scorer can be decided by taking
above? ratio of total no. of runs to that os balls.

(a) The central bank cannot work independently For A = (61+14)/(99+76) = 75/175
of the Government. For B = (5 + 55)/(12+87) = 55/97
(b) Government should regulate financial For C = (15+20)/(75+50) = 35/125
markets and institutions closely.
For D = (13+12)/(55+50) = 25/105
(c) Market economy is not compatible with the
socialist policies of the Government. Hence option b is correct.

(d) Financial sector reforms are required for Q.76. Half of the villagers of a certain village
enhancing the economic welfare of the people. have their own houses. One-fifth of the villagers
cultivate paddy. One-third of the villagers are
Answer: a literate. Four-fifth of the villagers are under 25
Explanation: years of age. Which one of the following
statements is certainly correct?
Option (a) is correct: according to passage
monetary wing of macro policy and fiscal policy (a) All the villagers who have their own houses
wing cannot work without each other that are literate.
implies Central Bank responsible for monetary (b) Some villagers under 25 years of age are
policy and the Government responsible for literate.
fiscal policy should work together. Options
don’t have support in the passage. (c) Only half of the villagers who cultivate paddy
are literate.
Q.75. Consider the following Table:
(d) No villager under 25 years of age has his
own house.

Answer: b

Explanation:

Let total number of villagers = a

No. of Villagers who have their own house =

0.5a
Who is the fastest run scorer in the Test Match? No. of villagers who cultivate paddy = 0.2a
(a) A No. of villagers who are literate = 0.33a
(b) B
No. of villagers who are under 25 years of age = (a) Sunday
0.8a
(b) Monday
Now, as 0.8x villagers are under 25 years of age,
(c) Tuesday
and 0.33x villagers are literate, so at least some
of the villagers under 25 years of age must be (d) Saturday
literate.
Answer: a
Q.77. Consider two Statements and a Question :
Explanation:
Statement-1 : The last day of the month is a
Wednesday. 10 October 2021 was Sunday (as UPSC prelims
was on 10 October)
Statement-2 : The third Saturday of the month
was the seventeenth day. Gap between 10 October 2021 and 10 October
2027 = 6
Question : What day is the fourteenth of the
given month? Year 2024 is leap year means it have 366 days.

Which one of the following is correct in respect Total no. of days = 365*5 + 366 = 2191
of the Statements and the Question ? Now 2191/7 = 313 and remainder is zero.
(a) Statement-1 alone is sufficient to the answer Since remainder is zero so 10 October 2027 will
of the Question be Sunday.
(b) Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Q.79. Consider two Statements and four
Question Conclusions given below. You have to take the
(c) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are Statements to be true even if they seem to be
required to answer the Question at variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all Conclusions and then decide which of
(d) Neither Statement-1 alone nor Statement-2 the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow
alone is sufficient to answer the Question from the Statements, disregarding the
commonly known facts.
Answer: b
Statement-1 : Some greens are blues.
Explanation:
Statements-2 : Some blues are blacks.
Statement 1:
Conclusion-1 : Some greens are blacks.
As we do not know which month exactly the
statement 1 is talking about, statement 1 alone Conclusion-2 : No green is black.
is not sufficient to answer the question.
Conclusion-3 : All greens are blacks.
Statement 2:
Conclusion-4 : All blacks are greens.
17th of that month is the third Saturday. So,
14th of that month must be a Wednesday. Which one of the following is correct?
Hence, statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer (a) Conclusion-1 and Conclusion-2 only
the question.
(b) Conclusion-2 and Conclusion-3 only
Q.78. Which day is 10th October, 2027?
(c) Conclusion-3 and Conclusion-4 only

(d) Neither Conclusion 1 nor 2 nor 3 nor 4

Answer: d

Explanation:

From the venn diagram it is clear that none of

the conclusion is correct.

Q.80. What is the value of ‘X’ in the sequence 2,

7, 22, 67, 202, X, 1822?

(a) 603

(b) 605

(c) 607

(d) 608

Answer: c

Explanation: