Scribd
Upload
5 views8 pages

Sec2 - Jan 13th

The document discusses the sampling distribution of sample proportions, highlighting its shape, center, and spread based on sample size and population proportion. It explains that the mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the population proportion and that the standard deviation decreases as sample size increases. Additionally, it provides examples and calculations to illustrate the concepts, including conditions for normal approximation and probability calculations for sample proportions.

Uploaded by

rithivtrail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views8 pages

Sec2 - Jan 13th

The document discusses the sampling distribution of sample proportions, highlighting its shape, center, and spread based on sample size and population proportion. It explains that the mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the population proportion and that the standard deviation decreases as sample size increases. Additionally, it provides examples and calculations to illustrate the concepts, including conditions for normal approximation and probability calculations for sample proportions.

Uploaded by

rithivtrail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

7.

2 Sample Proportions
How good is the statistic 𝑝Ƹ as an estimate of the parameter p? The
sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ answers this question.

Sampling Reese’s Pieces


p = 0.45 n = 5, 20, 50 for 400 samples
p = 0.15 n = 5, 20, 50 for 400 samples

What do you notice about shape, center, and spread of each sampling
distribution?
Shape: In some cases, the sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ can be
approximated by a normal curve. Seems to depend on both
the sample size n and the population proportion p.
Center: Mean of the distribution is 𝜇𝑝ො = 𝑝. Makes sense because the
sample proportion 𝑝Ƹ is an unbiased estimator of p.
Spread: For a specific value of p, the standard deviation 𝜎𝑝ො gets smaller
as n gets larger. The value of 𝜎𝑝ො depends on both n & p.
count of successes in sample 𝑋
𝑝Ƹ = =
size of sample 𝑛
X is binomial, so know 𝜇𝑋 = 𝑛𝑝 & 𝜎𝑋 = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)

1 1 1
Since 𝑝Ƹ = ∙ 𝑋 So 𝜇𝑝ො = ∙ 𝜇𝑋 & 𝜎𝑝ො = ∙ 𝜎𝑋
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
1 1
= ∙ 𝑛𝑝 = ∙ 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛𝑝(1−𝑝)
=𝑝 =
𝑛2

𝑝(1−𝑝)
=
𝑛
Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion
Choose an SRS of size n from a population of size N with proportion p of
successes. Then:
The mean of the sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ is 𝜇𝑝ො = 𝑝
1
As long as the 10% condition is met (𝑛 ≤ 𝑁
or the population is at
10
least 10 times larger than the sample size) the standard deviation of
𝑝(1−𝑝)
the sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ is 𝜎𝑝ො =
𝑛
As n increases, the sampling distribution becomes approximately
normal. To check if it is, check the Large Counts condition:
If 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 10 and 𝑛(1 − 𝑝) ≥ 10, then the sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ
is approximately normal.
Ex. About 75% of young adult Internet users (ages 18 to 29) watch online
videos. Suppose that a sample survey contacts an SRS of 1000 young
adult Internet users and calculates the proportion 𝑝Ƹ in this sample
who watch online videos.
a) What is the mean of the sampling distribution of 𝑝? Ƹ Explain.
b) Find the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of 𝑝.Ƹ
Check that the 10% condition is met.
c) Is the sampling distribution of 𝑝Ƹ approximately Normal? Check
that the Large Counts condition is met.
d) If the sample size were 9,000 rather than 1,000, how would this
change the sampling distribution 𝑝? Ƹ
Answers for example on previous slide
a) 𝜇𝑝ො = 𝑝 = 0.75
b) There are more than 1000(10)=10,000 young adult Internet users, so the 10%
condition is met.
0.75(0.25)
𝜎𝑝ො = = 0.0137.
1000
c) Both np = 1000(0.75) = 750 and n(1-p) = 1000(0.25) = 250 are at least 10, so
the sampling distribution is approximately normal.
d) The sampling distribution would still be approximately Normal with
mean 0.75. However, the standard deviation would be smaller,
0.75(0.25)
𝜎𝑝ො = = 0.0046.
9000
Ex. The superintendent of a large school district wants to know what
proportion of middle school students in her district are planning to
attend a four-year college or university. Suppose that 80% of all
middle school students in her district are planning to attend a four-
year college or university.
What is the probability that an SRS of size 125 will give a result within
7 percentage points of the true value?
Answers for example on previous slide
Want 𝑃(0.73 ≤ 𝑝ො ≤ 0.87)
Mean of sampling distribution of 𝑝ො is 𝜇𝑝ො = 𝑝 = 0.80.
Since the school district is large, we can assume that there are more than 10(125)=1250
0.80(0.20)
middle school students, so 𝜎𝑝Ƹ = 125
= 0.036.

Since np = 125(0.80) = 100 and n(1-p) = 125(0.20) = 25 are both at least 10, the distribution
of 𝑝ො is approximately normal. 𝑝ො ~ 𝑁(0.8, 0.036)
.73−.8 .87−.8
𝑧= = −1.94 & 𝑧= = 1.94
.036 .036
So want P(–1.94 ≤ z ≤ 1.94) (include picture with shading)
= 0.9738 – 0.0262 = 0.9476 (TI = 0.9482)
94.82% of all SRSs of size 125 will give a sample proportion within 7 percentage points of the
true proportion of middle school students who are planning to attend a four-year college or
university.

You might also like