Contents List

CHAPTER I

a. Introduction

CHAPTER II

A. Definition Derivation

B. Various Derivation

CHAPTER III

a. Conclusion

b. Bibliography
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

This material is very important to understand because in conversation or in writing, we

are faced with the rules of standard English. Let us remember the lessons of earlier, for example,
we will compare one object with another object. And we know very well, if we want to do that,
which can be made in the level of the comparison is only an adjective or adverb. Well, at that time,
we are dealing with nouns, such as "beauty". This word can not we make the comparison rate. So
that the word can we make the comparison level, then the word "beauty" should we change it in
the form of the adjective. Well to form a noun into an adjective that is, we need to learn Derivation.
 CHAPTER II

A. Definition Derivation

1. Derivation is a process of word formation through the addition affix, which can be a prefix or
suffix. The resulting new word will have a different meaning of the word essentially.
2. Derivatives are derivatives derived from other words or from the base / base verb /
properties and the like. Particle added called affixes. Particle is added at the beginning of a word
is called a prefix, in the middle is called infix, and at the end is called a suffix.

a. Prefix

The addition of the prefix change the meaning of the word, but it does not change the type of word.
a-:asleep
dis-: dismiss
in-: insufficient, incorrect
out-: outdoor, outgoing
post-: postpone
re: rewrite
Prefix verb form: en-: enlarge

b. Suffix

Suffix can be used to form nouns, employment, information, and nature. Suffix will change
the type of word origin.

1.noun-forming (which form the noun endings)

ary: secretary
-ance: importance
-dom: kingdom
-ee: employee, trainee
-er, -ar, -or: teacher, wild, tailor
-hood: manhood, childhood
-ic, -ics: logic, physics
-ism: racism
-ist: artist
ion: relations, religion
-ment: Enjoyment
-ness: coldness, happiness
-ship: friendship
-ty: activity

2.Verb-forming (Suffix forming verbs)

-ate: graduate
-en: lengthen, widen
-fy: terrify
 3. Adjective-forming (Suffix forming adjectives)

-able, -ible: reasonable, edible

-ant, -ent: distant, present
-al: mortal, partial
-Full: beautifull
-ic: economic, bionic
-ior: superior
-ish: Childish
-ive: creative
-ly: friendly
-less: childless, helpless
-like: childlike

4.adverb-forming (suffixes that form adverbs)

-ly: badly, beautifully

-ward, -wards: backward, backwards
-wise: likewise

B. Various Derivation

1. Adjective Derivation
Example adjective derivation can be seen in the following table.

No. Noun Affixes Example Adjective Derivation

(Suffix/prefix)
1 -able, -ble changeable, credible, readable, questionable, teachable
2 -al, -ial, -ical aboriginal, disfunctional, periodical, procedural, territorial
3 -ant, -ent, -ient convenient, different, exultant, ignorant, important
4 -ar, -ary singular, spectacular, unitary
5 -ate fortunate, intimate, latinate, passionate, separate
6 -ed bearded, bored, coordinated, melted, monied
7 -en Silken
8 -ful beautiful, delightful, hopeful, hurtful, playful, useful
9 -ic empiric, energetic, generic, periodic, romantic
10 -ile fragile, projectile, volatile
11 -ing absorbing, blushing, charming, interesting, sparkling
12 -ish boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish
13 -istic characteristic, communistic, impressionistic, meterialistic,
pessimistic
14 -ive, -ative, -itive abusive, cooperative, festive, initiative, instinctive, sensitive, talkative
15 -less careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless
16 -like childlike, ladylike, lifelike
 17 -ly friendly, kindly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly
18 -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious adventurous, gaseous, mysterious, momentous, religious
19 -ward backward, heavenward
20 -wide communitywide, worldwide
21 -y brainy, dreamy, juicy, rumbly, shaky, windy

Examples Active adjective derivation of the word (adjective):

• Activate (Verb), by adding the suffix -> -ate
• Activation (Noun), by adding the suffix -> -ation
• Actively (adverb), by adding the suffix -> -ly

2. Noun Derivation

Derivation noun is a noun formed from the process of the formation of a derivative in which the
noun word formation results will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

No. Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix) Example Noun Derivation

1 -acy, -cy conspiracy, intimacy, supremacy
2 -age courage, marriage, tonnage
3 -al disposal, emotional, refferal
4 -an, -ian electrician, guardian, technician
5 -ance, -ence clearance, independance, tolerance
6 -ancy, -ency brilliancy, consistency, expectancy
7 -ant, -ent astringent, constant, pleasant
8 -ary revolutionary, visionary
9 -ate nitrate, delegate, magistrate
10 -ation, -tion imagination, supremation, specialization
11 -dom freedom, kingdom, officialdom
12 -er, -or painter, sailor, worker
13 -(e)ry bakery, fishery, trickery
14 -ess goddess, lioness, waitress
15 -ful mouthful, spoonful
16 -hood brotherhood, childhood, likelihood
17 -ia anemia, reptilia, romania
18 -iatry psychiatry, podiatry
19 -ics, -c economics, mathematics, politics
20 -ice malice, notice
21 -ing building, reading, running
22 -ion abduction, demonstration, description
23 -ism despotism, intellectualism, realism
24 -ist novelist, realist, socialist
25 -ite dynamite, sulfite, vulcanite
26 -ity, -ty purity, royalty, thirty
27 -ive destructive, passive, sportive
28 -ment apartment, development, development
 29 -ness carelessness, happiness, inclusiveness
30 -ory excretory, sensory, territory
31 -ship fellowship, friendship, relationship
31 -t Weight
33 -th depth, length, strength
34 -ure departure, exposure, pressure
35 -y carpentry, infamy, society

3. Derivation Adverb
Adverb adverb derivation is formed from the process of the formation of a derivative in which the
adverb word formation results will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

No Affixes (Suffix/prefix) Example Adverb Derivation

.
1 a- along, aside, away
2 -ever whenever, wherever
3 -fold Threefold
4 -ily explanatorily, fairily, happily
5 -ly clearly, tightly, validly
6 -place someplace, everyplace
7 -ward backwards, frontwards, shorewards
8 -where anywhere, somewhere
9 -wise clockwise, likewise, profitwise

4. Verb Derivation
Verb derivation is the verb form of the word formation process in which the derivative of the verb
result form will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

No Affixes (Suffix/prefix) Example Verb Derivation

.
1 -ate activate, communicate, validate
2 -ed studied, talked, walked
3 -en blacked, heighten, widen
4 -er flicker, shiver
5 -ify beautify, justivy, intensivy
6 -ize centralize, criticize, sympathize
7 en- enclose, endanger, enlarge
8 be- befriend, behappy

Examples Inform verb derivation of the word (verb):

• Information (Noun), by adding the suffix -> -ation
• Informative (Adjective), by adding the suffix -> -ative
• informatively (adverb), by adding the suffix -> -ative and –ly
 Bibliography

http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryofLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDerivation.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/derivterm.htm
http://bismillah-ryzki.blogspot.com/2014/01/materi-derivation-lengkap.html