Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

City of Ilagan, Isabela

Title:

Chapter 5 – Friction
Overview/Introduction

Friction may be defined as the contact resistance exerted by one body upon a
second body moves or tends to move past the first body. From this definition, it
should be observed that friction is a retarding force always acting opposite to the
motion or the tendency to move. As we shall see, friction exists primarily because of
the roughness of the contact surfaces. If the contact surfaces are perfectly smooth,
as assumed in some earlier problems, friction can be neglected.

Learning Outcome/Objective

At the end of this chapter, students are expected to be able to:

1. Understand the different types of friction;
2. Understand what is angle of friction; and
3. Solve problems related to friction such as wedges, screws, belt, and rolling
resistance.

Learning Content/Topic

Lesson 5-1 – Types of friction

https://byjus.com/physics/types-of-friction
 Static Friction
Static friction is defined as the frictional force that acts between the
surfaces when they are at rest with respect to each other.
The magnitude of the static force is equal in the opposite direction
when a small amount of force is applied. When the force increases, at
some point maximum static friction is reached.

Sliding Friction
Sliding friction is defined as the resistance that is created between
any two objects when they are sliding against each other.

Rolling Friction
Rolling friction is defined as the force which resists the motion of a
ball or wheel and is the weakest types of friction.

Fluid Friction
Fluid friction is defined as the friction that exists between the layers
of the fluid when they are moving relative to each other.

Lesson 5-2 – Angle of Friction

When two bodies have contact with each other, it produces friction. However,
friction is not the only force created between the two, we also have Normal force.
As discussed earlier, normal force is a force that is perpendicular to the contact
point of two objects. In other words, friction and normal force are two reactions
created in the contact of objects, thus, we can express them in only one force as
illustrated below. The angle between the resulting force and the Normal force is
called the angle of friction.

P
F
Φ

N R

Where: W= Weight of the block

P= Forces applied to the block
F= Friction between the two objects
N= Normal force between the two objects
Φ= Angle of friction
Thus, angle of friction is also called as the coefficient of friction. Coefficient of
friction (or angle of friction) acts as its maximum value of Φ only when motion
is impending.

Example 1: Solve for the normal force, friction and angle of friction of the
bodies as shown below.

50N

100N
F
Φ

R
N

Solution: Apply conditions of equilibrium to solve for N and F, and later

solve for the angle by trigonometry.

Example 2: Solve for the normal force and friction between the bodies if the
object is impending to move down and the coefficient of friction is 20%.
Y’

50N X’
20°
P
F Φ

N
R
Solution: Apply conditions of equilibrium to solve for N, and later solve for
F by using the formula for frictional coefficient. For easier calculations, we
assume rotated axes (X’ and Y’) so that the horizontal/vertical components
of some of the forces will be eliminated.
Lesson 5-3 – Wedges

The principles of friction involved in dealing with wedges are no different from
those previously described. The contact reactions between the block at the
common surfaces are not only equal and oppositely directed on the free-body
diagram of each block; they also act so that their tangential or frictional
components along the common contact surface oppose the impending motion of
each block.

Example: As shown in figure below, two blocks, each weighing 150lb and
resting on a horizontal surface, are pushed apart by a 30° wedge. The angle
of friction is 15° for all contact surfaces. What value of P is required to start
the movement of the blocks?
P

15°
150lb 150lb

Solution:

FBD of each block

150lb P 150lb
RW
RW

30° 30°
30° 30°

RW RW

RS RS

15° 15°
Teaching and Learning Activities

From the examples given above, solve each examples again but this time
reverse the direction of the objects with impending movement.

Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM) adapted

Online (asynchronous)
TelEducation moodle, Facebook messenger, google classroom,
zoom, google meet, etc.

Remote (asynchronous)
module, activities, problems sets, etc.
Assessment Task

References
1. Engineering Mechanics by Ferdinand L. Singer
2. Breer, Ferdinand P. and Johnston, E. Russel Jr., Mechanics for Engineers,
McGraw Hill, latest edition
3. Hibbeler, R.C., Engineering Mechanics, Statics, , Amazon, 14th Edition
4. Other Physics and Engineering Mechanics Books
5. Mathematics and Allied Science Reviewers’ Books

Online:
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=125330