Hydrodynamics

●​ Hydrodynamics is the branch of science concerned with forces acting on or exerted by

fluids (especially liquids).
●​ There are many branches of hydrodynamics:
○​ Marine Hydrodynamics
■​ Marine hydrodynamics is a specialized field serving a broad industry
range. It aims at defining the forces on structures in the ocean and at
predicting the associated motions.
●​ Refers to the engineering of boats, ships, oil rigs and any other
marine vessel or structure.
●​ Used to make sure boats are built correctly to withstand the
ocean’s forces acting upon it
Application Areas for Hydrodynamics:
●​ Ship hull designs
○​ Helps to see which hull will be able to cut through the water most efficiently
●​ Propulsion efficiency
●​ Pipe flows
○​ Helps to build strong pipes so the liquid’s force doesn’t break it
●​ Flows in pumps
●​ Channel Flows
●​ Cavitation prevention
●​ Cooling performance
●​ Bubble Dynamics
●​ Hydraulic Machinery
○​ Help see how these machines have to be built because they are powered by
liquids
●​ CFD code validation
●​ Multiphase flows
●​ Sediment Transport
●​ Hydro, wave, and tidal power systems
●​ Oceanography and river hydrology
●​ Coastal Engineering
●​ It provides come up with building structures that attempt to control or divert water flow in
a controlled manner.
 ●​ A hydrodynamic model uses the formulas found in the conservation laws to explain how
and why water reacts to its environment, and vice versa.

Rain Harvesting:

●​ Rainwater harvesting is simply the collection of rainwater that is used for later use.

Pros:

●​ Rainwater harvesting is that it reduces the demand for groundwater.

●​ It also reduces people’s water bills.
●​ This rainwater can also be used for different purposes such as watering gardens,
flushing toilets, etc.
●​ Rainwater harvesting also helps in reducing floods in some low - lying areas because it
is collected in large tanks. It also prevents soil erosion and contamination of surface
water with pesticides and fertilizers from rainwater run-off.

Cons:

●​ Rainfall can sometimes be unpredictable, and little to no rainwater is very hard to use, as
some people in rural areas rely heavily on rainwater. If there is too much rainfall, then
storage can be hard to find.
●​ Some methods for rainwater harvesting can be very expensive. For a 5000 Gallon
Norwesco Plastic Potable Water Storage Tank, which is the tank most people use, it
costs $1899.99. These kinds of tanks are also very high in maintenance.

Rainwater Harvesting In India:

●​ Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting: The gutter near the rooftop leads the water down into the
downspout into a pipe that leads underground and to a well near the house.
 ●​ This method however has some disadvantages to it. More than 66 million people are
consuming fluoride-contaminated water and about 18 million people could be consuming
arsenic-contaminated water.
●​ To reduce this, there are sand filtration systems that are underground tanks that filter the
water.
●​ In India, there are over 500,000 rainwater harvesting installations. The practice has
become popular in Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Jaipur.
●​ There are also 4.5 open wells in India that is used for this practice.

Rainwater Harvesting in Hyderabad:

Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB) solicits the cooperation and
participation of all citizens and started the common cause of implementation of a massive
programme on Rainwater Harvesting/Conservation this year. The Board is offering applications
from the interested Residential Welfare Associations for conducting Awareness Programmes in
the colonies for technical guidance to construct Rain water Harvesting / Conservation Structures
themselves in their own premises at their own cost.

Government had already made mandatory for construction of Rain Water Harvesting /
Conservation Structures in all premises where the plot area is more than 200 sq. mts vide
APWALTA 2002 to promote water conservation and to protect and to improve the groundwater
for sustainable yields in the bore wells.

Artificial Recharge in Urban Areas

Artificial Recharge is to augment the natural infiltration of rainwater into the ground by artificial
methods. The methods suggested to recharge the ground water are pits, trenches, wells, shafts
and directly diverting runoff water into the existing wells. The choice of any particular method is
governed by local hydrogeology and soil conditions and ultimate use.

Do You Know?

Reasons for ground water depletion

●​ Increasing demand of ground water

●​ Withdrawing more than recharge
●​ Reduction of recharge area due to buildings, paved paths and roads
●​ Diminishing surface water bodies
●​ Uncertain rainfall

Techniques to improve groundwater through Rainwater Harvesting

●​ Creation of recharge pits, trenches and shafts in building premises, open space, parks
and along roads.
●​ Use of existing dry wells as recharge structures.
●​ Rooftop and road top rain water should be channeled into recharge structures.
Resource #1:

●​ In the UK, one person uses about 150 liters of water per day. Most of this water is taken
from rivers.
●​ Before the water reaches a house it goes through a multistage treatment process where
it goes through a set of large screens. Then, it goes through another smaller set of
screens, which are called band screens. It is then pumped into a reservoir.
○​ This water stays here for 200 days. Since it stays here for so long, there are
many pathogens in the water, however those pathogens get dissolved by rays
from the sun (ultraviolet rays).
●​ To reduce the amount of algae buildup in the water, water 15 meters below the water
surface is extracted, and exposed to ozone gas to kill any algae. Ozone gas is mixed
with the water through tanks. After all the algae is killed the water is sent to the next
stage, and the ozone gas is converted into oxygen.
●​ The starch is the released from the water, and forms scum at the surface. Ferric sulfate
is then released on the water to bring the dead algal cells together into ferric hydroxide
flocks.
●​ The water then flows into a large tank called a pulsator. In the pulsator, large quantities
of water is sucked up by a vacuum, and then released with a very large amount of force.
This sudden force is forces the flocks to become a sludge blanket at the bottom of the
blanket. This sludge is then pumped into lagoons.
●​ This remaining water is then pumped into large conical pellet softeners. Softening is
necessary stop the excessive buildup of scale on appliances. In this process, the water
is mixed with a calcium hydroxide solution. It then rises into a layer of silver sand. After a
couple of days calcium carbonate forms. These are very small, so they can easily be
removed.
●​ This water leaves the softening tanks and goes to rapid gravity sand filters. There is
sand at the bottom of these tanks so that it can remove and excess solid matter. Once
the sand has collected matter, the filters stop working, so they are backwashed. This is
basically when the water is pumped back through the filters.
●​ The water is then pumped into secondary ozonation tanks, so that they can break down
any remaining pesticides. It also removes and tastes and odors.
●​ The water then passes through granular activated carbon to remove byproducts, which
are absorbed and removed.
●​ Chlorine is then added to the water to kill any remaining bacteria. The water is then held
in a contact tank for a specially calculated amount of time (4 hours) so that the chlorine
can have an effect.
●​ The water then flows through underground pipes and into faucets in homes.
Resource #2:

●​ 2.6 million people are affected by a water crisis. They lack water and a toilet.
●​ People walk miles and get sick just to get dirty water for their families.
●​ Over 4,000 kids have died because of the dirty and unpurified water they have been
drinking.

Resource #5:

●​ Water.org is a foundation that is trying to help with the lack of water in some areas.
●​ They have helped and provided more than 6 million people in 14 different countries with
clean water and sanitation.
●​ The main way this organization has been helping is by raising money and awareness for
this cause.

Resources:

●​ http://www.importantindia.com/15574/short-paragraph-on-rainwater-harvesting/
●​ http://www.plastic-mart.com/product/126/5000-gallon-plastic-water-storage-tank-40943?
gclid=EAIaIQobChMI64D_1LPi1QIVxVQYCh0NdQejEAQYASABEgJe4PD_BwE
●​ http://www.rainharvest.co.za/2014/09/the-pros-cons-of-rainwater-harvesting-tanks/
●​ https://www.sustainable.com.au/rainwater-harvesting.html
●​ https://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/learn_models.html
●​ http://www.academia.edu/11743583/Introduction_of_Hydrodynamics_and_its_Applicatio
n
●​ http://www.rainwaterconnection.com/rainwater-harvesting/8-rainwater-harvesting/7-rainw
ater-harvesting-components
●​ http://indianexpress.com/article/good-news/go-with-the-flow-the-rainwater-harvesting-mo
vement-is-steadily-gaining-momentum/

Missions:
1.​ Remove broken pipe (yellow block with loop) and bring back to base (20 points)
2.​ Move big water to other teams field using pump by turning the valves (25 points)
3.​ Move pump addition to connect with pump (20 points)
4.​ Make at least 1 rain come out of cloud (20 points)
5.​ Move filter so lock drops (near reservoir) (30 points)
6.​ Push toilet flush and let big water come out (20 points)
7.​ Make fountain rise by putting a big water in (20 points)
8.​ Flip sewage covers over outside of circles (not reaching base) (15 points each)
a.​ Flip sewage covers over inside of circles (tripod targets) (not reaching base)
(additional 30 points)
 9.​ Move tripod so it is partly in either of the tripod targets (15 points each)
a.​ Move tripod so it is fully in either of the tripod targets (20 points)
10.​Add loop to blue block and move to replace broken yellow pipe (20 points) (bring loop to
base)
11.​Move other pipe (with loop attached) partly into target (near cloud and rain) (15 points)
a.​ Move pipe (with loop attached) fully into target (near cloud and rain) (20 points)
12.​Move sludge to wooden boxes (near flower model) (30 points)
13.​Add big water to flower to make it rise (30 points)
a.​ Add 1 rain to top of flower (can not touch anything but flower) (additional 30
points)
14.​Move well partly into target (near wooden boxes) (15 points)
a.​ Move well fully into target (near wooden boxes) (25 points)
15.​Make fire (near toilet) fully drop by ramming fire truck into lever (25 points)
16.​Catch big water and rainwater (1 maximum) in water target, target should not reach
white off limits line, water can only touch target and other water (nothing else) (rain - 10
points each) (big water - 10 points each)
a.​ 1 big water can be stacked on top of another (additional 30 points)
17.​Move slingshot to target (near faucet) (20 points)
a.​ Move rain and dirty water to slingshot target (additional 15 points)
18.​Turn faucet handle to make water level in the cup blue (25 points)