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Problem Set 2: MTH 102: Linear Algebra

This document is a problem set for a Linear Algebra course at the Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur. It includes various problems related to matrix equivalence, solutions to linear equations, determinants, and properties of matrices. The problems are designed for tutorial discussions and require both theoretical proofs and practical examples.

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abhaythenoone1230301
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5 views2 pages

Problem Set 2: MTH 102: Linear Algebra

This document is a problem set for a Linear Algebra course at the Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur. It includes various problems related to matrix equivalence, solutions to linear equations, determinants, and properties of matrices. The problems are designed for tutorial discussions and require both theoretical proofs and practical examples.

Uploaded by

abhaythenoone1230301
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 102: Linear Algebra

Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur

Problem Set 2

Problems marked (T) are for discussions in Tutorial sessions.


     
1 2 0 0 1 0
1. (T) Are the matrices , and row-equivalent?
4 8 1 2 0 0

2. Supply two examples each and explain their geometrical meaning.

(a) Two linear equations in two variables with exactly one solution.
(b) Two linear equations in two variables with infinitely many solutions.
(c) Two linear equations in two variables with no solutions.
(d) Three linear equations in two variables with exactly one solution.
(e) Three linear equations in two variables with no solutions.

3. Suppose that x and y are two distinct solutions of the system Ax = b. Prove that there are
infinitely many solutions to this system, by showing that λx + (1 − λ)y is also a solution, for
each λ ∈ R. Do you have a geometric interpretation?

4. Let B be a square invertible matrix. Then, prove that the system Ax = b and BAx = Bb are
row-equivalent.

5. [T] Suppose Ax = b and Cx = b have same solutions for every b. Is it true that A = C?

6. [T] Find matrices A and B with the given property or explain why you can not find them?
 
1  
0
(a) The only solution to Ax = 2 is x =
  .
1
3
 
  1
0
(b) The only solution to Bx = is x = 2.
1
3
 
1 2 2
7. Using Gauss Jordan method, find the inverse of  2 1 2  .
2 2 1

8. (T) Let B ∈ Mn (R) be a real skew-symmetric matrix. Show that I − B is non singular.

9. For two n × n matrices A and B, show that det(AB) = det(A)det(B).

10. Let A ∈ Mn (R). Then prove that det(A) = det(AT ). If A ∈ Mn (C) then det(A) = det(A∗ ).

11. Let A be an n × n matrix. Prove that

(a) If A2 = 0 then A is not invertible (singular).


(b) If A2 = A, A 6= I then A is singular.
2

1 ∗ ∗ 0 0 1 ∗ 0 0 0 1 0
" # " # " #
12. Can RREF ([A|b]) = 0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 1 or 0 0 0 1 ? Explain.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Now, recall the matrices Aj ’s, for 1 ≤ j ≤ 3 (defined to state the Cramer’s rule for solving the
linear system Ax = b), that are obtained by replacing the j-th column of A by b. Then, we see
that the above system has NO solution even though det(A) = 0 = det(Aj ), for 1 ≤ j ≤ 3.

13. Let A be an n × n matrix. Prove that the following statements are equivalent:

(a) det(A) 6= 0.
(b) A is invertible.
(c) The homogeneous system Ax = 0 has only the trivial solution.
(d) The row-reduced echelon form of A is In .
(e) A is a product of elementary matrices.
(f) The system Ax = b has a unique solution for every .
¯
(g) The system Ax = b is consistent for every b.

14. A ∈ Mn (C). Then det(A) = 0 if and only if the system Ax = 0 has a non-trivial solution.

15. (T) Let A be an n × n matrix. Then, the two statements given below cannot hold together.

(a) The system Ax = b has a solution for every b.


(b) The system Ax = 0 has a non-trivial solution.

16. Suppose the 4 × 4 matrix M has 4 equal rows all containing a, b, c, d. We know that det(M ) = 0.
The problem is to find by any method

1+a b c d
a 1+b c d
det(I + M ) = .
a b 1+c d
a b c 1+d

17. The numbers 1375, 1287, 4191 and 5731 are all divisible by 11. Prove that 11 also divides the
determinant of the matrix  
1 1 4 5
 3 2 1 7 
 .
 7 8 9 3 
5 7 1 1

x21 x31 x41


 
1 x1

 1 x2 x22 x32 x42 

18. Compute determinant of 
 1 x3 x23 x33 x43  .

 1 x4 x24 x34 x44 
1 x5 x25 x35 x45

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