What is Flask?

Flask is a lightweight Python web framework that provides the

essentials for web development with minimal overhead, following a
microframework approach.

What are the advantages of using Flask? Flask offers simplicity, flexibility, and
fine-grained control, allowing developers to choose their tools and libraries.

How do you create a new Flask project? Create a new directory for your
project, set up a virtual environment, and create an app.py file with the Flask
application instance.

How do you define a route in Flask? Use the @app.route() decorator to map a
URL to a function.

Explain the role of models in Flask. Models define the structure of data and
interact with the database, often using an ORM like SQLAlchemy.

How do you define a model in Flask with SQLAlchemy? Create a class that
inherits from db.Model and define fields as class variables.

What is the purpose of migrations in Flask? Migrations manage changes to the

database schema over time, similar to Django’s migrations.

How do you run migrations in Flask? Use Flask-Migrate with commands like
flask db init, flask db migrate, and flask db upgrade.

Explain the role of views in Flask. Views handle the logic for processing
requests and returning responses.

How do you define a view in Flask? Define a Python function that is decorated
with @app.route() and returns a response.

What is the purpose of URL routing in Flask? URL routing maps URLs to specific
view functions.

How do you handle templates in Flask? Use the Jinja2 templating engine to
render templates with the render_template() function.
 How do you render a template in Flask? Use the render_template() function to
render an HTML file with context variables.

What is SQLAlchemy in Flask? SQLAlchemy is an ORM used to interact with

databases in a more Pythonic way.

How do you perform database queries with SQLAlchemy in Flask? Use

methods like session.query(), session.add(), and session.delete().

How do you create a new object in SQLAlchemy? Instantiate a model class and
add it to the session with session.add().

How do you update an existing object in SQLAlchemy? Retrieve the object,

modify its attributes, and commit the session with session.commit().

How do you delete an object in SQLAlchemy? Retrieve the object, call

session.delete(), and commit the session.

What are Flask signals? Flask signals allow applications to subscribe to certain
events or actions.

How do you use Flask signals? Use the blinker library to define and connect
signal handlers.

What is middleware in Flask? Middleware processes requests and responses

globally, often used for cross-cutting concerns.

How do you create middleware in Flask? Use Flask’s before_request and

after_request hooks or create a custom WSGI middleware.

What is the Flask admin interface? Flask-Admin is an extension that provides a

web-based interface for managing application data.

How do you set up Flask-Admin? Install Flask-Admin, create an Admin instance,

and add views for your models.

How do you handle forms in Flask? Use Flask-WTF for form handling, which
integrates with WTForms for validation and rendering.
 How do you validate a form in Flask-WTF? Define a form class with fields and
validation rules using WTForms, then check form.validate_on_submit().

How do you handle file uploads in Flask? Use request.files to access uploaded
files and save them to a specified location.

What are class-based views in Flask? Class-based views organize view logic into
reusable classes, using Flask’s MethodView class.

How do you define a class-based view in Flask? Create a subclass of

MethodView and define methods for HTTP verbs (GET, POST, etc.).

What is the difference between Response and Redirect in Flask? Response

sends a response back to the client, while Redirect sends an HTTP redirect to
another URL.

How do you handle authentication in Flask? Use Flask-Login or other

authentication libraries to manage user sessions and access control.

How do you create a superuser in Flask? Flask does not have a built-in
superuser command; you typically create users through a custom management
command or admin interface.

How do you handle static files in Flask? Place static files in the static directory
and use the url_for('static', filename='file') function to link to them.

How do you handle media files in Flask? Store media files in a directory and
configure file handling routes to serve or process these files.

How do you enable caching in Flask? Use caching extensions like Flask-Caching
to configure and manage caching.

How do you handle internationalization in Flask? Use Flask-Babel to manage

translations and locale-based formatting.

How do you handle forms using Flask-WTF? Define a form class with fields and
validators, and use it in views to handle form submissions.
 How do you handle AJAX requests in Flask? Create views that return JSON
responses and use JavaScript to make AJAX requests.

How do you handle database transactions in Flask? Use SQLAlchemy’s session

management to handle transactions with commit and rollback operations.

How do you handle errors and exceptions in Flask? Use Flask’s error handling
decorators or custom error handlers.

How do you deploy a Flask project to a production server? Use a production

WSGI server (e.g., Gunicorn) and configure a web server (e.g., Nginx) to serve the
application.

What is Flask-RESTful? Flask-RESTful is an extension that simplifies the creation

of RESTful APIs with Flask.

How do you create an API resource in Flask-RESTful? Define a resource class

that inherits from Resource and define methods for HTTP verbs.

What are serializers in Flask-RESTful? Serializers convert data types to JSON

format and vice versa, often using libraries like Marshmallow.

How do you define a serializer in Flask-RESTful? Create a class with fields and
validation rules, often using Marshmallow.

How do you use Flask-RESTful resources? Add resources to the API with the
api.add_resource() method.

How do you handle authentication and authorization in Flask-RESTful? Use

authentication schemes like OAuth2 or JWT, and manage permissions with custom
decorators or middleware.

How do you handle pagination in Flask-RESTful? Implement pagination

manually or use libraries like Flask-RESTPlus with built-in pagination support.

How do you test Flask applications? Use Flask’s testing client along with
Python’s unittest or pytest frameworks to write and run tests.
 What are some common Flask extensions? Flask-Login, Flask-WTF, Flask-
SQLAlchemy, Flask-Migrate, Flask-Caching, and Flask-RESTful.