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The document outlines the fundamentals of computers, describing them as machines that process data through hardware, software, users, and data. It traces the evolution of computers from early devices like the abacus and Pascaline to the introduction of transistors and the development of microcomputers. Key figures in computing history, such as Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, are also mentioned along with significant technological advancements.

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1 views2 pages

Ict 1

The document outlines the fundamentals of computers, describing them as machines that process data through hardware, software, users, and data. It traces the evolution of computers from early devices like the abacus and Pascaline to the introduction of transistors and the development of microcomputers. Key figures in computing history, such as Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, are also mentioned along with significant technological advancements.

Uploaded by

darkwitch0007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FUNDEMENTALS OF COMPUTER:

•Computer: A computer is a truly amazing machine that performs a specified


sequence of operations as per the set of instructions (known as programs) given
on a set of data (input) to generate desired information (output).
A complete computer system consists of four parts:
oHardware: Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of the
computer.
oSoftware: Software is a set of electronic instructions consisting of complex
code (Programs that make the computer perform tasks.)
oUser: The computer operators are known as users
oData: Consists of raw facts, which the computer stores and reads in the form
of numbers.

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER
•A computer is an electronic device used for storing and processing data and
carrying out sequence of operations. In short, it is a device which is invented to
simplify the complicated tasks
•Word computer 1st used in a book named as “The Yong Man’s Gleanings” By
Richard Braithwaite.
•Father of computer Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of
computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837.

ABACUS
•Earliest calculating device, also called a counting frame.
•First counting device in China.
•Name Abacus was obtained from Greek word Abax means slab.
PASCALINE
•Developed by Blaise Pascal
•first device with an ability to perform additions and subtractions on whole
numbers
• contains numbers 0 to 9 on its circumference

TRANSISTORS
•In 1947, Transistors were introduced into the computers. With the introduction
of transistors, computations were simpler and faster.
•Which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes
•Large amounts of heat can be reduced more easily
•1st computer programmer-Ada Lovelace
•Father of information theory-Claude Elwood
•In 1957, IBM developed – FORTRAN
•First machine that could add, subtract, multiply and divide-Arithmometer
•Invention of 1st electronic digital computer-Jhon Vincent Atanasoff
•In 1960, Mainframe computer was designed which used IC for the first time.
•In 1970, Memory chip with 1KB storage capacity was developed by Intel.
•In 1975, First microcomputer was developed by H. Edward Roberts (now the
father of microcomputer).

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