Balance the following redox reactions:

1. As → H2AsO4- + AsH3 [acidic]

2. ReO4- + IO- → IO3- + Re [acidic]
3. Pb2+ + IO3- → PbO2 + I2 [basic]
4. Te + NO3- → TeO32- + N2O4 [basic]

Solve the following problems:

𝐽
5. A metal radiator is made from 26 kg of iron. The specific heat of iron is 0.449 𝑔.℃. How
much heat must be supplied to the radiator to raise its temperature from 25°C to 55°C?
6. In which case is heat added to the system:
I. ΔE = -43 J, w = 40 J
II. ΔE = 31 J, w = 34 J
7. How much thermal energy is required to heat all of the water in a swimming pool by 1°C
if the dimensions are 4m deep by 20m wide by 75m long. Assume density of water
𝑔
equals 1 𝑐𝑚3 . Report your answer in megajoules.
8. What would be the cell potential for a zinc/nickel galvanic cell if the electrolytes were
composed of Zn2+(aq) ion concentration of 0.02 M and a Ni2+ (aq) ion concentration of
0.20 M? Assume the galvanic cell is held at 25°C.
Solutions:

1.
Step 1: Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the chemical equation.
0 +1 +5 -2 -3 +1
As → H2AsO4- + AsH3
Step 2: Write the two half-reactions: oxidation half-reaction and reduction half-reaction.
OHR: As → H2AsO4-
RHR: As → AsH3
Step 3: Balance the number of atoms in both sides of the equation.
OHR: 4H2O + As → H2AsO4- + 6H+
RHR: 3H+ + As → AsH3
Step 4: Balance the net charge in both sides of the equation by adding electrons.
OHR: 4H2O + As → H2AsO4- + 6H+ + 5e-
RHR: 3e- + 3H+ + As → AsH3
Step 5: Balance the number of electrons by multiplying a factor (integer) to each half reaction to
make the number of electrons equal.
OHR: 4H2O + As → H2AsO4- + 6H+ + 5e- x3
RHR: 3e + 3H + As → AsH3
- + x5
Step 6: Write the overall reaction by adding the two half-reactions.
12H2O + 3As → 3H2AsO4- + 18H+ + 15e-
15e- + 15H+ + 5As → 5AsH3
======================================================
12H2O + 3As + 15e- + 15H+ + 5As → 3H2AsO4- + 5AsH3 + 18H+ + 15e-

Step 7: Write the balanced redox reaction with states of matter.

12H2O (l) + 8As (s) → 3H2AsO4- (aq) + 5AsH3 (g) + 3H+ (aq)
2.
Step 1: +7 -2 +1 -2 +5 -2 0
ReO4- + IO- → IO3- + Re
Step 2:
OHR: IO- → IO3-
RHR: ReO4- → Re
Step 3:
OHR: 2H2O + IO- → IO3- + 4H+
RHR: 8H+ + ReO4- → Re + 4H2O
Step 4:
OHR: 2H2O + IO- → IO3- + 4H+ + 4e-
RHR: 7e- + 8H+ + ReO4- → Re + 4H2O
Step 5:
OHR: 2H2O + IO- → IO3- + 4H+ + 4e- x7
RHR: 7e- + 8H+ + ReO4- → Re + 4H2O x4
Step 6:
14H2O + 7IO- → 7IO3- + 28H+ + 28e-
28e- + 32H+ + 4ReO4- → 4Re + 16H2O
===========================================================
14H2O + 7IO- + 28e- + 32H+ + 4ReO4- → 7IO3- + 28H+ + 28e- + 4Re + 16H2O

Step 7: 7IO- (aq) + 4H+ (aq) + 4ReO4- (aq) → 7IO3- (aq) + 4Re (s) + 2H2O (l)

3.
Step 1: +2 +5 -2 +4 -2 0
Pb2+ + IO3- → PbO2 + I2
Step 2:
OHR: Pb2+ → PbO2
RHR: IO3- → I2
Step 3:
OHR: 2H2O + Pb2+ → PbO2 + 4H+
RHR: 12H+ + 2IO3- → I2 + 6H2O
Step 4:
OHR: 2H2O + Pb2+ → PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e-
RHR: 10e- + 12H+ + 2IO3- → I2 + 6H2O
Step 5:
OHR: 2H2O + Pb2+ → PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e- x5
RHR: 10e- + 12H+ + 2IO3- → I2 + 6H2O x1
Step 6:
10H2O + 5Pb2+ → 5PbO2 + 20H+ + 10e-
10e- + 12H+ + 2IO3- → I2 + 6H2O
====================================================
10H2O + 5Pb2+ + 10e- + 12H+ + 2IO3- → 5PbO2 + 20H+ + 10e- + I2 + 6H2O

Step 7: For basic solution, add OH- to both sides of the equation corresponding to the number of
H+. Then, apply the principle that H+ + OH- → H2O.

8OH- + 4H2O + 5Pb2+ + 2IO3- → 5PbO2 + 8H+ + I2 + 8OH-

8OH- + 4H2O + 5Pb2+ + 2IO3- → 5PbO2 + I2 + 8H2O
Step 8:
8OH- (aq) + 5Pb2+ (aq) + 2IO3- (aq) → 5PbO2 (s) + I2 (s) + 4H2O (l)

4.
Step 1: 0 +5 -2 +4 -2 +4 -2
Te + NO3 → TeO3 + N2O4
- 2-

Step 2:
OHR: Te → TeO32-
RHR: NO3- → N2O4
Step 3:
OHR: 3H2O + Te → TeO32- + 6H+
RHR: 4H+ + 2NO3- → N2O4 + 2H2O
Step 4:
OHR: 3H2O + Te → TeO32- + 6H+ + 4e-
RHR: 2e- + 4H+ + 2NO3- → N2O4 + 2H2O
Step 5:
OHR: 3H2O + Te → TeO32- + 6H+ + 4e- x1
RHR: 2e- + 4H+ + 2NO3- → N2O4 + 2H2O x2
Step 6:
3H2O + Te → TeO32- + 6H+ + 4e-
4e- + 8H+ + 4NO3- → 2N2O4 + 4H2O
====================================================
3H2O + Te + 4e- + 8H+ + 4NO3- → TeO32- + 6H+ + 4e- + 2N2O4 + 4H2O

Step 7:
2OH- + Te + 2H+ + 4NO3- → TeO32- + 2N2O4 + H2O + 2OH-
2H2O + Te + 4NO3- → TeO32- + 2N2O4 + H2O + 2OH-
Step 8:
H2O (l) + Te (s) + 4NO3- (aq) → TeO32- (aq) + 2N2O4 (l) + 2OH- (aq)

5.
Given: m = 26 kg = 26,000 g
𝐽
C = 0.449 𝑔.℃
ΔT = 55°C – 25°C = 30°C

q = mCΔT
𝐽
= (26,000 g)(0.449 )(30°C)
𝑔.℃
= 350,220 J

6. To answer the problem, solve the value of q in each case. If q is positive, heat is added to the
system and if q is negative, heat is released by the system.

From ΔE = q + w: q = ΔE - w

Case I: q = (-43 J) – (40 J) = -83 J

Case II: q = (31 J) – (34 J) = -3 J

Therefore, the answer is NONE. Heat is released by the system in both cases.
7.
Given: Volume of the pool = L x W x H = (4 m)(20 m )(75 m) = 6000 m3 = 6 x 109 cm3
Density of water = 1 g/cm3
𝑔
Mass of water = (density)(volume) = (1 𝑐𝑚3 )( 6 x 109 cm3) = 6 x 109 g
𝐽
Specific heat capacity = 4.184
𝑔.℃
ΔT = 1°C

q = mCΔT
𝐽
= (6 x 109 g)( 4.184 𝑔.℃)( 1°C)
= 2.5104 x 1010 J
= 25104 MJ

8.
Given: Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn (-0.76 V) (0.02 M)
Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni (-0.26 V) (0.20 M)

Anode: Zn → Zn2+ + 2e- (-0.76 V)

Cathode: Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni (-0.26 V)

Overall Reaction: Zn (s) + Ni2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Ni

E° = E°cathode - E°anode = (-0.26 V) - (-0.76 V) = 0.50 V

For nonstandard potential at 25°C:

0.059 0.059 [𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡]

Ecell = E° - log Q = E° - log [𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]
𝑛 𝑛

0.059 (0.02)
= 0.50 - 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 (0.20)
= 0.5295 V