Unit II

Embedded IoT
Platform Design
Methdology
 Outline
• Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Process Specification
• Domain model specification
• Information Model Specification
• Service specifications
• IoT Level Specifications
• Functional view specification
• Operational View Specification
• Device and Component integration
• Application development
Steps involved in IoT System Design
Methdology
Purpose & Requirements
Define Purpose & Requirements of IoT System

Process Model Specificatuon

Define the usecases

Domain Model Specification

Define Physical Entities, Virtaul entities, Devices, Resources and Services in IoT System

Information Model Specification

Define structure(e.g. relations, attributes) of all the information in the IoT System

Service Specification
Map Process and information model to services and define service specifications

IoT level Specification

Define IoT Level for the system

Functional view Specification

Map IoT Level to functional groups

Operational view specifcation

Define communication options, service hosting options, storage and device options

Device & Component integration

Integrate devices, develop and integrate the components

Application development
Develop applications
 Advantages of Using Design
methodology
• Reducing the design, testing and maintenance
time
• Provide better interoperability
• Reduce the complexity
 Step 1 : Purpose and Requirement
Specification
Defines
• System purpose
• behavior and
• Requirements (such as data collection
requirements, data analysis requirement,
system management requirements, data
privacy and security requirements, User
interfaces requirements)
 Step 1 : Purpose and Requirement
Specification
• Purpose : An automated irrigation mechanism
which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF on
detecting the moisture content of the earth
without the intervention of human
• Behavior : System should monitor the amount of
soil moisture content in soil. In case the soil
moisture of the soil deviates from the specified
range, the watering system is turned ON/OFF. In
case of dry soil, it will activate the irrigation
system, pumping water for watering the plants.
• System Management Requirements : system
should remotely provide monitoring and control
functions
 Step 1 : Purpose and Requirement
Specification
• Data Analysis Requirements : system should
perform local analysis of data
• Application Deployment Requirement :
Deployed locally on device, but acts remotely
without manual intervention.
• Security : Authentication to Use the system
must be available
 Step 2 : Process Specification
• Define the process with the help of use cases
• The use cases are formally described based on
Purpose & requirement specification
• In this use case :
– Circle denotes a state or an attribute
 Step 2 : Process Specification
• Draw the use case
Threshold

Exceed Not Exceed

Signal Motor State

Low High State :On State :Off

Motor Motor Motor Motor

State : On State : Off On Off
 Step 3 : Domain Model Specification

• Describes the main concepts, entities and

objects in the domain of IoT system to be
designed
• Entities , Objects and Concepts include the
following : Physical entity, Virtual entity ,
Device, Resource, Service
 Step 3 : Domain Model Specification

• Physical Entity:
– Discreet identifiable entity in physical environment
– For eg. Pump, motor, LCD
– The IoT System provides the information about the physical
entity (using sensors) or performs actuation upon the Physical
entity(like switching a motor on etc.)
– In smart irrigation example, there are three Physical entities
involved :
• Soil (whose moisture content is to be monitored)
• Motor ( to be controlled)
• Pump ( To be controlled)
• Virtual Entity:
– Representation of physical entity in digital world
– For each physical entity there is a virtual entity
 Step 3 : Domain Model Specification
• Device:
– Medium for interactions between Physical and
Virtual Entities.
– Devices (Sensors) are used to gather information
from the physical entities
– Devices are used to identify Physical entities
(Using Tags)
– In Smart Irrigation System, device is soil moisture
sensor and buzzer as well as the actuator (relay
switch) attached to it.
 Step 3 : Domain Model Specification
• In smart irrigation system there are three services
:
– A service that sets the signal to low/ high depending
upon the threshold value
– A service that sets the motor state on/off
– A controller service that runs and monitors the
threshold value of the moisture and switches the state
of motor on/off depending upon it.
When threshold value is not crossed the controller
retrieves the motor status from database and
switches the motor on/off.
 Step 4 : Information Model
Specification
• Defines the structure of all the information in
the IoT system (such as attributes, relations
etc.)
• It does not describe the specifics of how the
information is represented or stored.
• This adds more information to the Virtual
entities by defining their attributes and
relations
• I: e, Draw Class diagram
 Step 4 : Information Model
Specification
Virtual Entity: Virtual Entity:
Virtual Entity: Soil Pump Motor

Entity Type : Entity Type :

Entity Type : Soil
Pump ID: Pump1 Motor ID:
ID: Soil1
Motor1

Attribute: Signal Attribute: State

Attribute Name: Attribute Name:
signallevel motorSTate
AttributeType: Has signal AttributeType: Is in State
Has signal signal
Is in state state
level
level
State: Off
Signal : High Signal : Low State:On
 Step 5 : Service Specification
• Define the services in IoT System, service types, service
inputs/outputs, service endpoints, service schedules,
service preconditions and service effects
• Services can be controller service, Threshold service, state
service, for smart irrigation system
• These services either change the state/attribute values or
retrieve the current vlues.
• For eg.
– Threshold service sets signal to high or low depending upon the
soil moisture value.
– State service sets the motor state : on or off
– Controller service monitors the threshold value as well as the
motor state and switches the motor on/off and updates the
status in the database
 Step 5 : Service Specification
Threshold Service
Threshold
State
Exceed Not Exceed Service
Signal Motor State
Low High State :On State :Off
Motor Motor Motor Motor
State : On State : Off On Off

Controller Service
 Step 5 : Service Specification
..>Controller Service
Input Has input Has Schedule
schedule
Threshold: Interval : Every 5
High/Low Sec

Service

Name: Controller
Has Output
Type: Native

Output

Motor State:
On/Off
 Step 5 : Service Specification
..>Threshold Service
Input Has input Has Endpoint
endpoint Endpoint:/home/
Threshold:
threshold
High/Low
Protocol: HTTP
Service

Name: Threshold
Has Output
Type: REST

Output

Threshold :
Low/High
Step 5 : Service Specification ..>State
Service
Input Has input Has Endpoint
endpoint Endpoint:/home/
State : On/Off state
Protocol: HTTP
Service

Name: State
Has Output
Type: REST

Output

Motor : On/Off
Step 6 : IoT Level Specification

• Decide the
deployment level of
IoT System.
Here I am using
Deployment Level
1.
 Step 7 : Functional View Specification
• Define the functions of IoT System grouped
into various functional groups.
• These functional groups provide
functionalities for interacting with the
concepts defined in Domain model
specification.
 Step 7 : Functional View
Specification…Drawing Functional Groups
 Step 7 : Functional View Specification
…Deployment level to Functional Group Mapping
 Step 8 : Operational View
Specification
• Define the Operations/options related to IoT
System development
• Such as Device options, Storage options,
Application hosting option
 Step 8 : Operational View Specification of
automated irrigation system
• Application
– Web App : PhP WebApp
– Application Server : Google App engine
– Database Server : MySQL
• Services
• Native : Controller Service
• Web : REST
• Communication
– Communication APIs : REST APIs
– Communication Protocol :
• Link Layer: 802.11
• N/w : IPV6
• Transport : TCP
• Application : HTTP
 Step 8 : Operational View Specification of
automated irrigation system
• Management
– Device Management: Arduino device
management
– Application Management : PHP App Management
– Database Management: MySQL Db Mgmt
• Security
• Login Management
Step 9 : Device and Component
Integration
• Integrates the devices and components and
draw a schematic diagram showing the same
Device and Component Integration :
Alternate Diagram
 Step 10 : Application development
• GUI / Screenshot of IoT Application
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Purpose of the Project: The Health
Monitoring System is basically used to
monitor the Patient Body Temperature and
Pulse by respective sensors. This information
is captured and stored, so that the authorized
personnel can view and analyze the Data
remotely at any time.
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Behavior: The Monitoring is done in real time
to identify the state of the patient. This
information can be used to analyze the state
of a patient or to get sensitive data in order to
be sequentially captured for medical
diagnosis. The system Alarms in Emergency
Situation and notifies the staff and relatives of
the patient.
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• System Management Requirement: The system
provides remote monitoring and control
functions
• Data Analysis Requirement: System allows the
analysis of data and can be visualized in graphical
format.
• Application Deployment Requirement:
Application will be deployed locally on the device,
but can be monitored remotely.
• System Requirements: Only Authorized users can
access and control the Application
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Process Specification

• The Use Case Diagram describes the use

case’s of the system and the actors
involved.
• The Process diagram shows the steps
involved in the process.
The sensors read the information from the
Human Body and stores it in Database, when
the values go beyond the threshold limit it sends
alerts.
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Process Specification
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Domain Specification

• Physical Entity : In HMA, human body is the physical

entity where body temperature and pulse are
monitored using respective sensors.

• Virtual Entity : It’s a representation of Physical Entity in

Digital World.For each physical entity there exist one
virtual entity in Domain Model.

• Device: Provides medium for interactions between

Physical and Virtual Entities.In HMA, device is a single
board (Arduino) which has temperature and pulse
sensor attached to it.
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Domain Specification

• Resource : Can be Software Components which

can be either “on-device” or “network-
resources”. On-Device resources are hosted on
device and include software components that
provide information about physical entity.
Network Resources are software components on
network such as Database.

• Service : In HMA, the services will be, service that

retrieve current information, native service that
runs on the device.
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Information Model Specification
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Service Specification
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
IoT Level Specification

• The system has

single device that
performs sensing,
stores data perform
analysis and host
the Application.
Thus, IoT Level 1
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Functional Specification
IoT Health Monitoring Application(HMA)
Functional Specification
 Step 8 : Operational View
Specification of HMA
• Application
– Web App : PhP WebApp
– Application Server : Google App engine
– Database Server : MySQL
• Services
• Native : Controller Service
• Web : REST
• Communication
– Communication APIs : REST APIs
– Communication Protocol :
• Link Layer: 802.11
• N/w : IPV6
• Transport : TCP
• Application : HTTP
 Step 8 : Operational View
Specification of HMA
• Management
– Device Management: Arduino device
management
– Application Management : PHP App Management
– Database Management: MySQL Db Mgmt
• Security
• Login Management
Step 9 : Device and Component
Integration
Step 10 : Application Specification
Home Intrusion Detection System
 HID
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Purpose of the Project: The purpose of home
intrusion detection system is to detect
intrusions using sensors and raise alerts, if
necessary.
 HID
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Behavior: In case of any intrusion, I intend to
capture a picture of the intruder, mail the
image to the respective end users and alert
them. I would like to use an alarm which goes
on in case of an intrusion.
 HID
Purpose and Requirement Specification
• Data Analysis Requirement: The light
dependent resistor data is analyzed locally. If
the sensor reading falls below the threshold
value, an image is captured and send as an
alert to the user.
• Application Deployment Requirement: The
application is deployed locally on the device
and can be accessible from anywhere via
node-red.
• System Requirements: Only Authorized users
can access and control the Application
 HID Process Specification
• The Use Case Diagram describes the use case’s of
the system and the actors involved.
• The Process diagram shows the steps involved in the
process.
• With the help of Light dependent resistor and PIR
motion sensor, I am going to detect the motions in the
room.
• If a motion is detected, I intend to capture the image
with the help of a webCam and store locally
• Now the alerts are sent to the user with the captured
image.
• Also I am using the buzzer which turns on in case of
any intrusion.
HID Process Specification
 HID
Process Specification
• From the above process diagram, we can see
that the process starts at the circle. The PIR
motion sensor which is shown in the
rectangular box in the above figure, is placed
in a room.It detects the motion in the room. If
there is a motion then an image is captured
and an alert will be sent to the user. And also
it turns on the buzzer. This decision (yes/no)
to raise an alert is shown in the diamond box
in the above figure.
 HID
Domain Specification

• The domain model describes the main

concepts,entities and objects in the
domain.The domain includes physical entities
for rooms. The devices in my system are
nodemcu to which PIR and light dependent
resistor is attached and raspberry pi to which
camera and buzzer are attached to send
alerts.
 IoT level Specification
• implement my IOT system that is “Home
intrusion detection system” in level 5. The IOT
level 5 system has multiple nodes and one
coordinator node. Coordinator node collects
the data from the end nodes and sends to the
cloud.