Mohamed Mamdouh

Memory & Backing Storage – Checklist

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Important QR Codes:

Solving Checklist:
Question 1 Question 9
Question 2 Question 10
Question 3 Question 11
Question 4 Question 12
Question 5 Question 13
Question 6 Question 14
Question 7 Question 15
Question 8

Write your own notes + hints:

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Memory and Backing Storage

❖ RAM vs. ROM
RAM ROM
(Random Access Memory) (Read Only Memory)
Use? Store data currently in use Store instructions to startup the computer
Size? Larger Smaller
Volatility? Volatile Non-volatile
Read and write? Read and write Read only

❖ Memory VS Backing Storage?

Memory Backing Storage
Examples RAM ROM Magnetic, Optical, Solid State
Store instructions to startup the Provides Permanent storage
Use Store data currently in use
computer and larger storage capacity
Disadvantages Volatile Read only and small storage capacity Slower Access Speed
❖ Comparison between backing storage:
Magnetic Optical Flash Memory
Fixed HD (HDD), Portable HD,
Example CD, DVD, Blu-ray SD Card, Pen drive, SSD
Magnetic Tape
Portability Less Portable Portable Very Portable
Expensive per GB
Price Cheaper per GB Very Expensive per GB
(Except Magnetic Tape)
Storage Capacity Very large Small Large
Size large Medium Smaller, lighter
Fast
Speed (Except magnetic tape as it uses Slow Very Fast access speed
serial access)
Robust Not Robust
Robustness / Durability (but may be damaged as it has (Can be scratched and Very Robust
moving parts) broken easily)
Power consumption Large Medium Small
❖ HDD vs. SSD:
HDD SSD
Size Bigger Smaller, lighter
Price Less More
Robustness Moving parts can be damaged No moving parts, robust
Noise Little noise Silent
Access Speed Slow Very Fast
Power consumption high low
❖ Backup:
Backup is an extra copy of important files stored away from the original copy in case of damage or loss of
original copy such as (virus or hacker deleting the data, Accidental delete of data or corruption of HD)

❖ Cloud Backing Storage

Cloud is large groups of remote networked servers that allow centralised data storage

Advantages Disadvantages
✓ needs access to the internet to be used  more chance of it being hacked as it is on all the time
✓ can be used on different devices  User loses control on his own data
✓ only pay for what you use  Difficult to delete all copies
✓ automatic backup takes place  Slower download/upload than storage media
 The cost of storing in the cloud may be expensive in the
✓ Storage capacity can be expanded easily
long term

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Question 1 (June 21V12 – Q3):

Question 2 (June 21V13 – Q1):

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Question 3 (June 22V11 – Q4):

Question 4 (June 22V12 – Q6):

Question 5 (November 22V11 – Q12):

Question 6 (November 22V13 – Q10):

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Question 7 (June 20V12 – Q13):

Question 8 (June 20V12 – Q14):

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Question 9 (June 21V13 – Q14):

Question 10 (June 23V11 – Q11):

Question 11 (June 23V12 – Q12):

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Question 10 (November 22V13 – Q15):

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Question 11 (June 21V13 – Q7):

Question 12 (June 22V12 – Q15):

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Question 13 (June 22V13 – Q4):

Question 14 (November 22V12 – Q9):

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Question 15 (June 20V13 – Q9):

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 Mohamed Mamdouh

Input Devices – Checklist

Rewatch the class
Study the Notes
Watch the summary video.
Study the summary.

Important QR Codes:

Explanation Video Summary Video

Solving Checklist:
Question 1 Question 9
Question 2 Question 10
Question 3 Question 11
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8

Write your own notes + hints:

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Input Devices
• Keyboard: used to enter characters (type in text or essays)
• Numeric Keypad: used to enter numbers only such as in ATMs
• Pointing Devices:
− Mouse: Used with desktops
− Touchpad: Used with laptops
− Tracker ball: Used by people with limited motor skills
• Joystick / Driving Wheel: used to move objects around the screen in computer video games
• Touch screen: an output device that is also an input device
• Scanner: used to scan hard copy images
• Light Pen: Used to select objects on CRT screens. and Drawing on screen
• Microphone: used to input sound
• Barcode Reader: used to read barcodes from products at POS

Advantages Disadvantages
hold much more information than normal barcode. More than one QR format is
fewer errors than with barcodes available
fewer errors than with barcodes as it uses mobile camera QR codes can be used to transmit
easy to transmit QR codes either as text messages or images malicious codes

• Cameras: Used to input photographs and moving pictures often pre-recorded

Question 1 (March 20V12 – Q1):

Question 2 (June 21V11 – Q2):

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Question 3 (June 20V11 – Q3):

Question 4 (June 22V12 – Q1):

Question 5 (November 20V12 – Q1B):

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Question 6 (June 22V13 – Q5):

Question 7 (June 23V12 – Q3):

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❖ Direct Data Entry Devices:

Magnetic Stripe Chip reader and PIN Contactless card reader
Reader pads (Using RFID Reader)
Price Cheapest Expensive Expensive
Speed of transaction Fast Slower Faster
Affected by magnetic
Yes No No
field?
Easily scratched? Yes No No
At the back of the
Position At the front of the card Inside the card
card
Less secured (uses encryption)
Small daily limit
Less secured More secured
Security? Can take money twice
(No PIN code) (PIN code)
Transactions done without being
aware
• Radio frequency identification reader (RFID): used to read data from tag from a distance
− How it works?
1. When the tag passes by the reader, the reader detects it.
2. The reader sends radio waves with energy to activate the chip as it is a passive.
3. The tag will broadcast the information stored on the chip to the reader through the antenna

− Advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages Disadvantages
✓ the tag can be read from a distance • It uses radio waves so it is easy to jam or interrupt
✓ very robust and reliable technology • It is easy to hack data transmitted by a tag
✓ Very fast read rate and bulk detection is possible • More expensive than a barcode system
✓ Bidirectional data transfer • Tag collision (two tags interfering with each other)
Question 8 (June 22V11 – Q5):

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Question 9 (June 22V12 – Q5):

Question 10 (June 22V13 – Q8):

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Question 11 (June 23V12 – Q9):

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❖ OMR and OCR:

OMR OCR
(Optical Mark Reader) (Optical Character Reader)
Use • MCQ Questions • Convert scanned image to text file which
• Questionnaires can be edited by another software
Advantages ✓ Very fast correction ✓ Faster data entry
and  Expensive for printing as the paper must  Very expensive
disadvantages be accurate  Not working with handwriting
 The marks must be fully shaded  Not all letters are identified correctly
Question 11 (June 23V11 – Q8):

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Output Devices – Checklist

Watch the summary video.
Study the summary.

Important QR Codes:

Summary Video

Solving Checklist:
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6

Write your own notes + hints:

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Output Devices
• CRT Monitor: outputs soft copy where space is not a problem
• TFT Monitor: Outputs soft copy in small space, it reduces eye strain and uses less power than CRT but it is
expensive
• Projector: outputs slide shows for a large number of people
• Speakers: outputs sound
• Printers:
Laser Inkjet Dot matrix
Noise low medium high
Speed/ volume of paper high speed medium speed low speed
Quality high high low
Portability most
Highest (changing
Running cost
cartridges frequently)
Initial cost Expensive lowest Expensive
Dirty environment most suitable
Stationery separate sheets separate sheets Continuous sheets
Copies carbon copies
Impact or non-impact Non-Impact Non-Impact Impact
It uses laser to draw the
The ink droplets will be A printer that prints by
printout on the drum, then
sprayed directly into the pressing metal pins against
How it works? toner attract to the drum,
paper through the nozzle an ink ribbon onto the
then toner transfer print
of ink cartridge. paper
image to plain paper
• 3D Printer: used to print solid objects using resin
− How it works?
1. A digital copy is made of the model using CAD software
2. Software slices the model into hundreds of layers
3. 3D printer creates the model layer by layer
4. Binds them together
Advantages Disadvantages
User gets the objects quickly Cost of buying the printer is expensive
Created as needed so reducing waste The cost of materials are expensive
Easier to edit individual objects Can be used for illegal production
• Graph plotter: used to print very large printouts very accurately
Advantages Disadvantages
Very high-quality output. Very slow at printing
Able to produce large drawings to a high accuracy Expensive equipment to purchase initially
Able to print on a variety of materials very large physical footprint compared to a printer

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Question 1 (June 20V11 – Q9):

Question 2 (June 20V12 – Q7):

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 Mohamed Mamdouh

Question 3 (November 20V11 – Q1):

Question 4 (November 21V12 – Q2):

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Question 5 (November 21V13 – Q1):

Question 6 (November 22V11 – Q10):

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Question 7 (November 20V13 – Q11):

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Internal Hardware – Checklist

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Study the summary.

Important QR Codes:

Solving Checklist:
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7

Write your own notes + hints:

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Internal Hardware
It carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs basic arithmetic
Processor (CPU): calculations and logical operations using ALU (Arithmetical Logic Unit) It performs input
and output operations of the computer using CU (Control Unit)
Motherboard the main printed circuit board that contains the main components of the computer
Main Memory RAM and ROM (will be discussed later)
Video (Graphics) Card It enables the computer to process and display graphics (Images and videos)
Sound Card It enables the computer to input, process, and deliver sound
Internal Hard Disk used to store information like software and files.
Network Interface Card Use to connect the device to LAN (Local Area Network)

Question 1 (November 20V11 – Q2):

Question 2 (November 20V13 – Q1):

Question 3 (November 21V11 – Q1):

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Question 4 (June 23V11 – Q2):

Question 5 (June 23V12 – Q2):

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Question 6 (June 23V13 – Q3):

Question 7 (June 20V11 -Q3):

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Types of Computers – Checklist

Watch the summary video.
Study the summary.

Important QR Codes:

Solving Checklist:
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10

Write your own notes + hints:

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Types of Computers
Desktop Laptop Tablet Smart Phone

• office and business work • lightweight (to aid portability) • Uses touch screen so simple to use • Used in
• educational use • low power consumption (and • Contains Front and back facing o GPS
Characteristics and uses • use as a gaming device also long battery life) cameras are included o Taking Photos
• general entertainment • low heat output. • Has a built in battery o Make phone calls
• Lightweight o Instant message
• Uses Bluetooth and WiFi o Streaming of music
✓ It has a better heat ✓ It is one unit so it takes up less ✓ It is one unit so it takes up less ✓ It is one unit so it takes
dispersion rate space space up less space
✓ They are less likely to be ✓ They are portable ✓ They are portable ✓ They are portable
damaged as they are not ✓ Internet connection may be ✓ Internet connection may be better ✓ Internet connection may
portable better as device is using WiFi as device is using 4G be better as device is
✓ It is the most powerful type ✓ Laptop computers support more ✓ faster to load up the operating using 4G
of computers file formats system ✓ It can be used to make
✓ It is the cheapest type of ✓ Lower power consumption phone calls
Advantages computers therefore batteries last longer ✓ Lower power
✓ Has separatable parts so it ✓ Front and back facing cameras are consumption therefore
can be upgraded and if included batteries last longer
component is faulty it will
be replaced easily
✓ Desktop computers
support more file formats
✓ Desktop computers have a
larger screen
 It is not portable  Easier to steal/lose  Easier to steal/lose  Small screen size so it
 Desktops require a  Batteries can run out  It uses touch screen not keyboard could cause eye strain
constant power supply  If one piece of hardware breaks therefore can be harder to use  Small keyboards so it can
 it can be more difficult to  Batteries can run out cause RSI
replace  Less standard ports  Can be more expensive to
Disadvantages  More likely to be damaged as  Can be more expensive to run if run if the internet is
they are portable. the internet is accessed by mobile accessed by mobile data
 It can’t be upgraded data networks networks
 Screens are smaller  Smartphones have more
 Pointing devices can be more chance of being damaged
difficult to use

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Question 1 (March 20V12 – Q4):

Question 2 (June 21V12 – Q2):

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Question 3 (November 21V12 – Q3):

Question 4 (June 20V11 – Q7):

Question 5 (June 20V13 – Q5):

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Question 6 (June 21V11 – Q3):

Question 7 (November 22V11 – Q2):

Question 8 (November 22V12 – Q3):

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Question 9 (June 20V12 – Q8):

Question 10 (November 23V12 – Q5):

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Software – Checklist
Watch the summary video.
Study the summary.

Important QR Codes:

Solving Checklist:
Question 1 Question 9
Question 2 Question 10
Question 3 Question 11
Question 4 Question 12
Question 5 Question 13
Question 6 Question 14
Question 7 Question 15
Question 8 Question 16

Question 17
Write your own notes + hints:

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Software
Software is programs and data used for controlling the operation of a computer

Application Software System Software

It is software that helps the user to do his tasks It is software needed by the computer to work properly
Examples and uses (Never use brand name): Examples and uses:
• Word Processing: Used to prepare text • Operating System: Manages computers functions
documents. including hardware devices (input/output). Also provides
• Spreadsheet: Use to create to organise and users with interface and it loads and runs application
manipulate numeric data. software. Such as : Dialogue based interface, Gesture
• Database: Database is used to store and based interface, GUI and CLI
organise data using fields and records. • Compiler: Translate a program (HLL- High Level Language)
• Photo Editing: Used to edit digital images to into a machine code (code understood by the computer).
either touch up or to apply various formatting • Interpreter: same as compiler but it translates the
techniques. program line by line
• Presentation design: Used for creating • Linker: Link more than one object file and combine them
presentations. into single program
• Applet: small applications that perform a • Device driver Allows hardware devices to run on the
single task on a device (they are usually computer including printers, sound, graphics and network
embedded in an HTML page on a website cards.
and can be executed from within a browser) • Utilities: Help to manage and maintain computer resources
• App: software which can perform a fairly and performance by running specific tasks
substantial task
• CAD Software: This is software used to help in
the creation, manipulation, modification and
analysis of a drawing/design. It can be used to
produce 2D or 3D diagrams
Question 1 (June 20V11 – Q1):

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Question 2 (June 20V13 -Q1):

Question 3 (November 20V13 -Q1):

Question 4 (November 21V11 – Q1):

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Question 5 (November 21V12 – Q1):

Question 6 (June 22V11 – Q2):

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Question 7 (November 22V12 – Q2):

Question 8 (June 22V11 – Q9):

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❖ Operating Systems:
CLI (Command Line Interface) GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Both are interfaces for operating systems and used to control hardware and software
✓ The user is in direct communication with the ✓ The user does not need to learn any commands
computer. ✓ It is more user-friendly
✓ The user is not restricted to a number of pre-
Advantages
determined options
✓ It is possible to alter computer configuration
settings
× The user needs to learn a number of × It uses up considerably more computer memory
commands. than a CLI interface
× All commands need to be typed in, which takes × The user is limited to the icons provided on the
time. screen
Disadvantages
× Each command must be typed in using the × Needs a more complex operating system
correct format × GUI uses more processing power
× GUI uses more memory

• Dialogue Based Interface: Use the human voice to give commands to a computer system.

Advantages Disadvantages
✓ very useful for people with disabilities  still unreliable, with many commands not being recognised
✓ use as a security feature, because voice  can be quite complex to set up
recognition could be used to identify person  user needs to know which commands can be used
• Gesture Based Interface: Gesture recognition allows humans to interface with a computer in a more natural
fashion without the need for any mechanical devices

Advantages Disadvantages
replaces mechanical input devices possible for unintentional movement to be picked up
no physical contact required only works fairly near to the camera or sensor
no training needed to interface with the computer may only accept a limited number of movements

Question 9 (June 20V11 – Q2):

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Question 10 (June 20V12 – Q2):

Question 11 (November 20V12 – Q12):

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Question 12 (November 22V12 – Q12):

Question 13 (November 22V12 – Q3):

Question 14 (June 23V11 – Q10):

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Question 15 (June 23V12 – Q11):

❖ Software Copyrights:
Software copyright is a lawful protection given to authors and publishers to protect their software.

• How to break (breach) copyrights??!

− Sell copies or give them without owner permission
− Software piracy: making illegal copies of software.
− Use code from the copyrighted software without owner permission.
− Use the name of copyrighted software.
− Buy a pirated software.
• How to protect copyrights??!
− When software is being installed, the user may be asked to key in a unique reference
number or product key
− Some software will only run if the CD, DVD or memory stick is actually in the drive
− Some software will only run if a dongle is plugged into one of the USB ports
− Users are asked to read a license agreement and tick “I agree”

Question 16 (November 20V12 – Q9):

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Question 17 (June 22V11 – Q13):

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