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Tutorial 8

The document outlines a tutorial on energy balance for transient processes in chemical engineering, covering various scenarios including a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), a well-stirred batch reactor, and an air-cooled engine. It provides detailed problems involving heat transfer, temperature changes, and mass balances for different systems, requiring calculations for temperature as a function of time and the behavior of reactants in a holding tank. The tutorial emphasizes the application of energy balance principles in real-world engineering contexts.

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3 views2 pages

Tutorial 8

The document outlines a tutorial on energy balance for transient processes in chemical engineering, covering various scenarios including a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), a well-stirred batch reactor, and an air-cooled engine. It provides detailed problems involving heat transfer, temperature changes, and mass balances for different systems, requiring calculations for temperature as a function of time and the behavior of reactants in a holding tank. The tutorial emphasizes the application of energy balance principles in real-world engineering contexts.

Uploaded by

jordangeorge.66j
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY ENGINEERING

PE 212: MATERIALS AND ENERGY BALANCE


TUTORIAL 8 HW-8: ENERGY BALANCE FOR TRANSIENT PROCESS

1. A CSTR is started up and allowed to come to thermal steady state before reactant is fed
to the tank. Assume the inlet and exit flow rates are both set at 0.200 L/s, and that the
volume of liquid in the tank is 10.0 L. The initial temperature of the liquid in the tank is
25.0 C. The temperature of the inlet stream is 50.0 C. The tank has a cooling jacket in
which cooling water is circulated. Heat losses from the tank can be taken to be
Q̇=hA(T −T cw ) J/s, where T and T cw are the temperature in the tank and the cooling water
temperature, both in C. The constant h is a heat transfer coefficient and A is the external
area of the tank. Assume the cooling water temperature is constant at 20.0 C, the heat
transfer coefficient has been determined to be 350 J/s-m 2-C, and the tank external area is
0.500 m2. Determine the temperature in the tank as a function of time during this startup
period. Assume that the fluid is pure water.

2. A tank initially contains a volume V 0 of liquid at temperature T 0. A constant flow rate


inlet stream is introduced to the tank, at volumetric flow rate v̇ ¿and temperature Tin. The
tank is adiabatic and well mixed, and the exit flow rate is proportional to the volume in
the tank, v̇ out =aV . Determine the liquid volume and temperature in the tank as a function
of time.

3. A well-stirred batch reactor wrapped in an electrical heating mantle is charged with a


liquid reaction mixture. The reactants must be heated from an initial temperature of 25°C
to 250°C before the reaction can take place at a measurable rate. Use the data given
below to determine the time required for this heating to take place. [Given: Reactants’
mass and Cv are 1.50 kg and 0.900 cal/(g°C), respectively. Reactor’ mass and Cv are
3.00kg and 0.120 cal/ (g°C), respectively. Heating rate: Q = 500.0 W

4. An air-cooled engine generates heat at a constant rate Qwn - 8530 Btu/min. The air in the
engine housing is circulated rapidly enough for its temperature to be considered uniform
and equal to the temperature of the outlet air. Air passes through the engine housing at a
rate of 6.00 lb-mole/min, entering at a temperature of 65°F, and an average of 0.200 lb-
mole of air is contained within the engine housing. (We will neglect the variation of this
quantity with the changing temperature of the gas.) Heat is lost from the housing to its
surroundings at a rate, Q̇lost =¿. Suppose the engine is started with the inside air
temperature equal to 65°F.
i. Calculate the steady-state air temperature if the engine runs continuously for an
indefinite period of time, assuming Cv = 5.00 Btu/(lb-mole-°F)
ii. Derive a differential equation for the variation of the outlet temperature with the
time from startup and solve it.
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY ENGINEERING
PE 212: MATERIALS AND ENERGY BALANCE
TUTORIAL 8 HW-8: ENERGY BALANCE FOR TRANSIENT PROCESS

5. An aqueous solution containing 0.015mol/L of species A is fed into a holding tank that
initially contains 75 liters of pure water. The reactant decomposes at a rate r[mol A/(Ls)=
0.0375CA where CA(mol A/L) is the concentration of A in the tank. The volumetric feed
rate of the solution, V(t), increases linearly over a 10-second period from 0 to 25 L/s and
stays constant at that rate thereafter until the tank is filled to the desired level. The density
of the feed stream is constant.
i. Write transient balances for the total mass of the tank contents and the mass of A
in the tank. Convert the equations to differential equations for V(t) (the volume of
the tank contents) and CA(t) [the concentration of A in the tank] and provide
initial conditions.
ii. Sketch the shapes of the plots you would expect for the volume of the tank
contents, V (L), and the concentration of A in the tank, CA(mol/L), versus time.
iii. Outline how the equations would be solved to derive an expression for C A(t) for
the period from t = 0 to t = 60 s.

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