BP CO x T P R

Blood pressure Cardiac total peripheral

strokevolume T
Ns parasympins Output resistance
Ns sympatheticns

volume
volumetn
heart
beforeventricles
PRELOAD BV ED Preload
contract y PSV
SNS CADNAD
Contractility Hormones
Glucagon
SNS
Hormones
Lions cat
L adrenaline After load
Thyroidhormones resistance Cant ofpressureto
Ions att Kt Nat overcome topush blood from
ventricles into thearteries
hypertension P
atheroscleroticplaques t
resistance peripheral at
constriction of capillarybeds

How to calculate CO Flow lml I am3

Co HR x SV Volume of blood
mymin bent Cm min ml min CO
Ifat
velocity of blood flow
Ah CmÉmt cm min

cross sectional
area of a BV V E
A Ma
a PCO PV
PA dV

Aorta arteries arterioles capillariesvenulesveins

 a
capillaries taken all together
ÉÉ area of bigvessels

importa
the low velocity t is
in capillaries
to allow forefficientexchangeofnutrients

T P R

How to calculateresistance
Changein pressure sp
Flow E Resistance R

co Ffr
Re
fiff POISEVILLE'S EQUATION r Ir
inverselyproportional

nP LotsofRBC polycythemia elevatedhematocrit

n viscosity lotsoffriction
dehydration Br Chemoconcentration
nt
anemia low hematocrit
L length of BV 14 weightP Brhavetobelongerifweightf
Lt weight
r radius ofBV mostimportant factor dueto power 4
rt rt
vasodilationBuses ISNS vasoconstrictionamuses ping
diameterp diametert

Laminarflow
Br wall

a velocity is slower
14
Ey concentric
bloodflow F Co
Ifp
atedgesofBu
Silent noeffecton resistance
F AP MAP Cup
APR PF proportionally centralvenous
Meanarterialpressure
pressure
sp
Turbulent flow laminarflow
a
t resistance
p
ÉÉ o Bruits now
iient
3332
Isis
murmurs

turbulence
laminar givesoff a lot of heat Flowto as spp
plaque changes AP MAP
co
y T.P.RO a rat
Turbulent flow
IF F E It PPR
Psp y Pp

Physiologicalturbulentflow pathological turbulentflow

blood hitting heartvalves plaques produce Bruits which
when gettingpumpedout can be heard on carotidartery

PERFUSION PRESSURE
3 8mmHg
AP MMAp Cup very small
i not
considered in Ap
determines RAP rightatrialpressure
diastolicBP
pressurethatisdryingtobringbloodtowardstheheart
5 Pulsepressure
I 80mmHg 340mmItg I 93mmHg onaverage

systolic BP the force atwhich the blood is pushed out of the

heart and into the arteries primarily Lv aorta

Romm
hitsits normalsize mmmm

again80diastolicBP
mmHg

Pulsepressure
thIIII Bloodin LVgetspushed
outinto aorta
stretchesthewall ofaorta
systolicBP diastolicBP Aortais veryelasticandwants
to recoiland snap back When
itdoes that squeezes blood
downwards
Vitalsigns
respiration rate
pulse
BP ofbrachiala untilno sounds
compression

pulseOx

Isis.inIByouhear systolic BP

of
aftertorotkoffsounds

once theydisappear completely

HYPOTENSIONUMM
BPregulation
Systolic BP L 100mmHg can getreallylowin hyporolemicshock
compensatorymechanisms
Bloodpressure specificallyM A P whichis the drivingforce for
bloodflow is regulated 2 main mechanisms
by
slow
BAFFÉÉÉEITOR Renin Aldosterone
Analotensinsystem

changes CO SVxHR changes bloodvolume

TPR arteriolarconstriction

i How doesbodydetect a BP
in dorsal medulla
BARORECEPTORS pressurereceptors
on I
y
aortic sinus aortic arch asolitarytractnucleusent
carotid sinus atorigin of internalcarotidartery
on
 Ext carotida

dorsal
leftcarotia
common
a

parasymp
Nucleus
branchesthat ambiguus vasocon
projectviaCN lo Strictor
toheart center
postsynaptic Cardiacaccelerator ti L2
g

lateral
hor
grey
presynaptic

um

If sudden Cow BP
dropin baroreceptoractivity
P SNS UPSNS P MAP PCO XPTPR
H
FCO PTPR
H
PBP
 sensors
nerveending

way In
If BP is high vesselwalls are stretched activateschannels
to let Nat in
it low BP thesechannels areclosed p slow or no action
potentials I inhibitsthe sensoryfibers on X lx
BP CO x TPR
Solitarytractnucleus
detects BP

É
aaaaa
centercan

THR
Twins

contractility
to
center

f
Tj
cardiacinhibitory
center

nucleus of CNI

sympnerve
PTPR
Snsoutflow
Branchesto specific
regionin spinalcord
Ti L2 espTi Ts

actonpreganglionic
fibersin lateral
greyhorn
t
synapsein ganglion
Postsynaptic fibers
freleases NAd
o
SA node myocardium
AV node
Pcontractility
M AR
H P SV
PCosa
I
9 BP
 Bi
wth adrenergic receptor

ÉÉAm
É
factivates

movestomembrane
iii
andaddsaphosphate
thisopensthechannel

moreActionpotentials

MYOCARDIAL CELL
iii
Bi
wth
Wy
adrenergic receptor
EÉITI

contraction

i d oh to troponin egg
theshapeoftropo myosin which
will openup theactivesites to
allow myosin to bind to actin
initiatespowerstroke
ggang