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Components of computers

The document outlines the key components of computers, including RAM, motherboards, GPUs, SSDs, HDDs, cooling devices, ROM, input/output devices, NICs, and PSUs. Each component is described with its function, types, and significance in the overall performance and operation of a computer system. The information emphasizes the role of these components in data storage, processing, and user interaction.

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Ezra Rivera
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2 views

Components of computers

The document outlines the key components of computers, including RAM, motherboards, GPUs, SSDs, HDDs, cooling devices, ROM, input/output devices, NICs, and PSUs. Each component is described with its function, types, and significance in the overall performance and operation of a computer system. The information emphasizes the role of these components in data storage, processing, and user interaction.

Uploaded by

Ezra Rivera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Components of computers

1. RAM (Random- Access Memory)


- Temporary storage in your computer that gives applications a place to
store and access data.
- RAM also performs tasks, such as browsing the internet, loading
applications, and usage of spreadsheets.
- Having RAM gives a better performance in having or doing multitasking
or several programs.
- There are also different types of RAMS. DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, DDR,
GDDR, NVDIM.
2. Motherboard
- The motherboard circuit is typically a large printed circuit board in the
machine’s chassis. It distributes electricity to any facilities
communication between and any other components of the computer’s
hardware.
- The motherboard houses different components including CPU sockets,
RAM slots, expansion slots, connectors for storage devices and
peripherals, and the BIOS.
3. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
- Also known as graphic card or video card is responsible for rendering
and displaying images, video, and animations on the computer
monitor. GPU can handle complex graphical computation.
- Two main types of GPU: Integrated GPU, and Discrete GPU
- GPU also incorporates various technologies to enhance graphic
rendering and performance.
4. SSD (Solid- State Drive)
- Storage device that uses non-volatile memory to store and retrieve
data. SSDs do not have mechanical components and instead rely on
flash memory technology, which offers faster data access speeds and
reliability.
- SSD’s known for superior performance, reduced power consumption,
and more resistance to physical shock and vibrations.
5. HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
- Data storage to store and retrieve digital information. HDD can storage
store data, had different capacities either gigabytes to terabytes or
even petabytes. Use of HDD storage, backup storage, archive, data
recovery, multimedia storage, and server storage.
6. Fan/ Cooling Device
- Use as a cooling device through the components of a computer in not
overheating and does not cause a slow process in a multitask or
several programs.
7. ROM (Read-Only Memory)
- RAM and ROM are different from each other. ROM is a non-volatile it
retains data even when there is no power supply. ROM is also used for
storing firmware, boot up instructions, and other essential data need to
be retained permanently. Users cannot write or modify the data stored
in ROM; hence the term “Read-Only” comes.
- The use of ROM used to store firmware comes in required to boot up a
computer, embedded systems to store essential programs and data,
operating system that need to be accessed quickly during startup, and
security were keys, encryption algorithms, and other sensitive data
that should not be easily modified.
8. Input and Output Devices
- Facilitates interaction between users and machine. The Input uses to
provide data and instruction to computer system. They allow users to
input information for processing. Some common inputs are keyboard,
mouse, touchscreen, scanner, microphone, webcam, joystick.
- Output Devices are processed the one processed data and information
form the computer system in human readable form. Common uses are
monitor, printer, speaker, projector, plotter, headphones, braille
display.
9. NIC (Network Interface Card)
- NIC is a circuit board installed on computer provides full time
connectivity to network. The necessary physical layer circuitry for
commination with data link such as Ethernet or WI-FI.
- The function of NIC sends signal transmits data at the network layer,
and acts as interface at the TCP/IP layer. Transmit, and controls the
flow of data on the network between the computer and data network,
and network standards were aligned with the network standard being
used, ensuring optimal performance and compatibility.
- Types of NICs are Wireless NIC, Wired NIC, USB NIC, and Fiber Optics
NIC.
10. PSU (Power Supply Unit)
- PSU is a crucial component of computer system responsible for
supplying electrical power to the various components within the
computer. PSU is also a hardware component that converts external
electrical power from the power outlet into specific voltage and current
required by the computer’s internal components.

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