Advanced Spreadsheet

ICT Skills
ADVANCED SPREADSHEET SKILLS

What is Spreadsheet?

Spreadsheet refers to the spreadsheet program which is the electronic version

of the familiar columnar pad. It is an application that helps the user to create
spreadsheets commonly used for budgets, forecasting, and finance-related tasks.

Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze
information. While you may believe Excel is only used by certain people to process
complicated data, anyone can learn how to take advantage of the program's powerful
features. Whether you're keeping a budget, organizing a training log, or creating an
invoice, Excel makes it easy to work with different types of data.

Advanced Spreadsheet Skills Needed in Life

1. Data Entry, Sorting, and Filtering 6. Pivot Tables
2. Applying Data Validation 7. Macros and Scripts
3. Protecting Sheets and Locking Cells 8. Combine Multiple Functions to
4. Custom Filtering Create Formulas
5. Sort by Column 9. Perform Calculations

In Excel, formulas are tools that you can use to edit, analyze, and create
calculations for worksheet data. One of the most valuable of this is the ability to store
math formulas in individual cells. A formula is simply a mathematical operation you
can perform in your worksheet. It is a sequence of values, cell references, names,
functions and operators that are contained in a cell. The formula produces a new
value from the existing value.

A formula can contain up to 1024 characters and must always start with an
equal sign (=). It can add, subtract, multiply or divide two numbers, displaying the
answer in a cell that you choose. When you type a formula into a cell, Excel makes
every attempt to display an answer to the formula.

How to Enter a Formula in a Worksheet Cell?

1. Click on the cell where you want to enter a formula and type = (equal sign)
as the first character of your formula.
2. Enter a value or select the cell that includes the value you want in the
formula.
3. Add the necessary operators or functions. Use parentheses, if applicable.
4. When the formula is complete, click on the Enter button on the Formula
bar  or press Enter.
5. Observe that the result of the formula you created appears in the cell, while
the actual formula appears in the Formula bar.
Using Math Operators

Excel always knows what type of calculations you want to perform. When you
create a formula, you include symbols, called math operators, which tell Excel the
kind of math operations you want to perform.

Operator Description
: Reference operator (as in B3:D6)
, Argument separator
- Negation (as in -4)
% Percentage sign
^ Exponentiation
* and / Multiplication and division
+ and - Addition and subtraction
& Text concatenation (two strings
combined)
>,<, >=, <=, <> Comparison operators (greater than,
less than, greater than or equal to, less
than or equal to, not equal to)

When you enclose part of a formula within a pair of parentheses, Excel

evaluates first the formula inside the parentheses followed by the rest. The computer
reads it from left-to-right flow calculation.

Understanding Cell Referencing

In copying and moving formulas in a worksheet, Excel assumes that you want
to copy the formula’s calculation, and not the cells involved in the calculation. Using
cell referencing, you can control how formulas in a cell is displayed when you paste
or drag them to a new location. There two basic types of cell referencing: the relative
and the absolute cell references.

Using Relative Referencing

When you copy or move a formula, by default, Excel changes the cell
references in the copies of the formulas to reflect the relative location of the formula
from the cell references in the formula.
Using Absolute Referencing

You use an absolute reference formula when you want to anchor cell
references in a formula. In absolute referencing, the cell references always point to a
specific location regardless of where the formula is moved or copied. When you
anchor cell references, Excel will not adjust them when you copy the formula to a
different location in a worksheet.

$A$2 Column A and row 2 will not change when copied.

A$2 Only row 2 will not change when copied.
$A2 Only column A will not change when copied.

To use an absolute reference:

1. Click on the cell where you want to enter a formula.
2. Type the equal sign (=) to begin the formula.
3. Select the cell to be computed then enter an arithmetic operator.
4. Select another cell then press the F4 key on the keyboard to make the cell
reference absolute. Observe the $ signs added to the cell reference.

Cost Using Microsoft Excel

Let us assume that we are going to sell milk tea with the following
information:

Production Information
Product Name/Brand: Fresh Buko Shake
Company/Group Name: Benz9 Center Inc.

Product Description:
Fresh Buko Shake is s special shake using real/fresh young coconuts fruit
and pure natural which is very good for the health.

Ingredients: Condensed milk, Ice, Buko fruit. Special sweetener

Estimated Sale Price: 30 Php per cup

1. Copy the information below:

2. Use the SUM formula to get the summation of the values from C4 to C8. The
SUM formula is =SUM(C4:C8). Type this on cell C9 as shown below:

3. Check if our estimated price will earn

us profit. Type the additional information
shown below then apply the arithmetic
formula for subtraction:

4. Our estimated price is less profitable since the result is only Php 2.00. Let us
make an adjustment. Include the information below and deduct the Total from
the new estimated price.
5. The result is Php 8.00. this is now definitely
profitable at this price. However, this does
not guarantee our product success.
6. Save your file as M4 Cost Ingredients.xlsx.

4 NegOr_Q3_E-TECH_Module 4_V2
 Start your product testing in your school by letting students, teachers, and or
personnel taste/test your product. Afterward, gather the data and place them in
Microsoft Excel. The following is a sample spreadsheet using the milk tea example.

Figure 1

Note: To change the orientation of a text, press Ctrl + 1. To open the Format Cells
dialog box > Alignment tab / under Orientation, specify the degrees you want.

Obviously this data is raw. Assuming that we have a huge sample, we have to
apply for several formulas to be able to easily analyze the result of this survey.

Let us start by a simple average formula to determine the average rating of

Quality, Taste, Presentation, and Product.

The syntax would be =AVERAGE (cells involved).

Example:
(Using figure 1, determine the average for quality.)

=AVERAGE(F5:24)

Determine the average for all your criteria and place them at the bottom of
your survey results similar to the screenshot below.
 Next, determine how many people said YES or NO if they were satisfied with
the product or if they would recommend it to their friend. For this, we will use the
COUNTIF function.

Using the =COUNTIF function will allow us to count the number of cells that contains
something. However, in this case, we just need to count the ones that have YES or
NO in them. For this, we have to use the COUNTIF function.

COUNTIF Function Syntax: =COUNTIF (range, criteria)

Range – the cells where the counting will take place.
Criteria – the label or value that determine if it is to be counted.

Example:
Using Figure 1. The formula for getting the number of YES for the Satisfied
criteria is =COUNTIF (J5:J24, “YES”)

Determine the number of YES answers in both criteria and place them at the
bottom of your survey results similar to the screenshot below.

If you were to determine if you could sell your product or service to teachers
or students, you can use the AVERAGEIF Function.

AVERAGEIF
Using the AVERAGEIF, we can average a range if the cell beside it equals to
“teacher” and/ or “student”.
AVERAGEIF uses the following syntax:
= AVERAGEIF (range, criteria, average range)
Range – the range of cells where you want to look for the criteria.
Criteria – a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be
averaged.
Average Range (optional) – the actual range of cells that will be averaged, if
omitted, the range will be used instead.

= AVERAGEIF(E5:E24,”Teacher”,F5:F24)
Spreadsheet Terminology

- Accounting Number Format – number format that is used for accounting

- Orientation – the angle at which a text is displayed.
- Count – a function used to count the cells with content in a range.
- SUM – a function used to compute for the summation of the numbers of a
range.
- AVERAGE – a function used to compute for the average of the numbers in a
range.
- COUNTIF – a function used to count the number of cells in a range if a certain
condition is met.
- AVERAGEIF – a function used to compute for the average in a range if a certain
condition is met.
- Range – the range of cells where you want to look for the criteria.
- Criteria – a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be
averaged.
- Average Range – the actual range of cells that will be averaged, if omitted, the
range will be used instead.
- Relative Reference – All cell references are called relative references, when
copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position.
- Absolute Reference – These are cell references that do not change when copied
or filled in keeping a row and/or column constant.