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CH 2

The document outlines the basic organization and operations of a computer system, detailing components such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU). It describes the five fundamental operations of a computer: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. Additionally, it distinguishes between primary and secondary storage, highlighting their characteristics and functions within the system.

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14 views14 pages

CH 2

The document outlines the basic organization and operations of a computer system, detailing components such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU). It describes the five fundamental operations of a computer: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. Additionally, it distinguishes between primary and secondary storage, highlighting their characteristics and functions within the system.

Uploaded by

affixcomputerinstitute09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ref. Page Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Slide 1/16


Learning Objectives
(Continued from previous slide..)

 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

 Control Unit (CU)

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Computer as a system
The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

 Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions


into the computer system

 Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them


readily available for initial or additional processing
whenever required

 Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add,


subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations
(comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.)
on data to convert them into useful information

(Continued on next slide)


The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

 Outputting. The process of producing useful information


or results for the user such as a printed report or visual
display

 Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which


all of the above operations are performed
Basic Organization of a Computer System

Storage Unit

Secondary
Storage

Program Information
Input Output
and (Results)
Unit Unit
Data Primary
Storage

Control
Unit
Indicates flow of
instructions and data
Arithmetic Indicates the control
Logic Unit exercised by the
control unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Input Unit

An input unit of a computer system performs the following


functions:

1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside


world
2. It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing
Output Unit

An output unit of a computer system performs the following


functions:

1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which


are in coded form and hence, cannot be easily
understood by us
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable
(readable) form
3. It supplies the converted results to outside world
Storage Unit

The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the


following :

1. Data and instructions required for processing (received


from input devices)
2. Intermediate results of processing
3. Final results of processing, before they are released to
an output device
Two Types of Storage

 Primary storage

 Used to hold running program instructions


 Used to hold data, intermediate results, and
results of ongoing processing of job(s)
 Fast in operation
 Small Capacity
 Expensive
 Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)

(Continued on next slide)


Two Types of Storage
(Continued from previous slide..)

 Secondary storage

 Used to hold stored program instructions


 Used to hold data and information of stored jobs
 Slower than primary storage
 Large Capacity
 Lot cheaper that primary storage
 Retains data even without power
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the place


where the actual executions of instructions takes place during
processing operation
Control Unit (CU)

Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates


the operations of all other components of the computer
system
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Arithmetic Central
Logic Unit Control Unit = Processing
+ (CU)
(ALU) Unit (CPU)

 It is the brain of a computer system

 It is responsible for controlling the operations of


all other units of a computer system
The System Concept

A system has following three characteristics:

1. A system has more than one element


2. All elements of a system are logically related
3. All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to
achieve the system goal

A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated


components (input unit, output unit, storage unit, and CPU)
that work together to perform the steps called for in the
executing program

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