One-Dimensional Arrays

 Array
– A consecutive series of variables that share one name

int num[5] ;

– 5 consecutive variables of integer type under the name of num

num

1000 1004 1008 1012 1016 Memory addresses

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 The Relationship between Arrays and
Pointers
 Example :
– Which address does each element have?

num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4]

int num[5] ;
num

&num[0] == 1000
&num[1] == 1004 1000 1004 1008 1012 1016
&num[2] == 1008 Memory addresses
&num[3] == 1012
&num[4] == 1016

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 The Relationship between Arrays and
Pointers
 Example : What is num?

num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4]

int num[5] ; num

1000 1004 1008 1012 1016

Memory addresses

– num is the constant pointer of which value is the start address of

the array.

num == &num[0] == 1000

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 The Relationship between Arrays and
Pointers
 Example : Arithmetic of pointers
– “pointer + 1” does not mean increasing pointer by 1.
– “pointer + 1” is “the address of the next element”.
– “pointer – 1” is “the address of the prior element”.

num == &num[0] == 1000

int num[5] ;
(num+0) == &num[0]
??
(num+1) == &num[1]
??
(num+2) == &num[2]
?? num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4]
(num+3) == &num[3]
??
(num+4) == &num[4]
??

1000 1004 1008 1012 1016

Memory addresses

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 The Relationship between Arrays and
Pointers
 Example : Arithmetic of pointers

int num[5] ; int num[5] ; int num[5], *p = num ; int num[5], *p = num ;

num[0] =10 ; *num = 10 ; *p = 10 ; p[0] = 10 ;

num[1] = 20 ; *(num+1) = 20 ; *(p+1) = 20 ; p[1] = 20 ;
num[2] = 30 ; *(num+2) = 30 ; *(p+2) = 30 ; p[2] = 30 ;
num[3] = 40 ; *(num+3) = 40 ; *(p+3) = 40 ; p[3] = 40 ;
num[4] = 50 ; *(num+4) = 50 ; *(p+4) = 50 ; p[4] = 50 ;

num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4]

int num[5] ; 10 20 30 40 50

1000 1004 1008 1012 1016

Memory addresses

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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Adding an Integer to a Pointer
p

[Ex] a
p = &a[2];
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

p q

q = p + 3; a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

q p

p += 6; a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Subtracting an Integer from a Pointer
p

[Ex] a
p = &a[8];
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

q p

q = p - 3; a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

p q

p -= 6; a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Subtracting Pointers

[Ex]
p = &a[5];
q = &a[1];

i = p – q; /* i == 4 */
i = q – p; /* i == -4 */

q p

a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Comparing Pointers
– Relational operators (<, <=, >, >=) can be applied
– Equality operators (==, !=) can be applied

[Ex]
p = &a[5];
q = &a[1];

p <= q; /* result is 0 */
p >= q; /* result is 1 */

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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Example: Pointer Operation
int a[ ] = { 5,15,25,43,12,1,7,89,32,11}
int *p = &a[1], *q = &a[5] ;

1. *(p + 3) ?

2. *(q - 2) ?

3. q - p ?

4. if ( p > q ) ?

5. if ( *p > *q )?

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 Pointer Arithmetic and Element Size
 Example: Pointer Operation

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
double a[2], *p, *q;
p = &a[0]; /* points at base of array */
q = p + 1; /* equivalent to q = &a[1]; */

printf(“%d\n”, q – p );
printf(“%d\n”, (int) q – (int) p );
printf(“%d\n”, sizeof(double) );
return 0;
}

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 Combining the * and ++ Operators
 Combining the * and ++ Operators

*++p  *(++p), *--p  *(--p)

– p increased or decreased, then *p performed

*p++  *(p++), *p--  *(p--)

– p increased or decreased, then *(p-1) or *(p+1) performed

(*p)++, (*p)--

– Increase or decrease 1 of a variable pointing p

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 Combining the * and ++ Operators
 Combining the * and ++ Operators

void main() void main()

{ {
int k, a[10], *p = a ; int k, a[10], *p = a ;

while( p < &a[10] ) while( p < &a[10] ) {

*p++ = 0 ; *p = 0 ;
} p = p + 1 ;
}
}

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 Combining the * and ++ Operators
 Combining the * and ++ Operators

void main() void main()

{ {
int k, a[10], *p = &a[10] ; int k, a[10], *p = a ;

while( p >= &a[0] ) while( p >= &a[0] ) {

*--p = 0 ; p = p -1 ;
} *p = 0 ;
}
}

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 Example
int num[] and int *num
are the same
 Add inputted integer numbers
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

int sum( int num[], int size ) { int sum( int num[], int size ) {
int k, sum = 0 ; int k, sum = 0 ;
for( k = 0 ; k < size ; k++ ) for( k = 0 ; k < size ; k++ )
sum += num[k] ; sum += *num++ ;
return sum ; return sum ;
} }

void main() { void main() {

int a[100], k ; int a[100], k ;
for( k = 0 ; k < 100 ; k++ ) for( k = 0 ; k < 100 ; k++ )
scanf( “%d”, &a[k] ) ; scanf( “%d”, &a[k] ) ;
printf( “%d\n”, sum(a, 100) ) ; printf( “%d\n”, sum(a, 100) ) ;
} }
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