Department of Education

Region VI – Western Visayas

Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

ON STEM ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT ILOILO CITY
NATIONALHIGH SCHOOL: A CORRELATIONAL
CASE STUDY

A Case Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
Iloilo City National High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in the Statistics and Probability

by

Abangan, Lorenz S.
Barrio, Angelica D.
Dolendo, Jaspher James A.
Ong, Juriel Mar M.
Señerez, Reobelle A.

STEM 11 – Archimedes

Submitted to:

KRITZMAN E. ARMISA
Statistics and Probability Teacher

May 2024
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City

INTRODUCTION

Motivation of the Study

In the vast demand of science and technology at this time, many students are inclined to

such disciplines due to its high regard and essentiality in a fast progressing world. More students

are now taking up tracks in senior high school that are preparatory to Science and Technology

courses (Dela Peña, 2018). Moreover according to Darcourt, Ramos, Moreano et al. (2020),

attitudinal and motivational aspects, especially instrumental motivation, demonstrated to play a

role in the intention to study science and technology careers.

Science and technology are two intertwining fields that have put a huge mark on the

world’s non-ending industrialization. STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) was

developed to answer challenges in the 21st century; where students are not only smart in terms of

cognitive, but also skilled. STEM in education has the aim of preparing students to be

competitive and ready to work according to their preferred fields. The benefits of applying

STEM Education are to improve critical thinking skills and be creative, logical, innovative,

productive and directly related to real conditions (Widya, Rifandi & Rahmi, 2019).

On the other hand, pre-college preparatory strands help students to be more mentally and

physically ready for their desired college programs. Since the K-12 program of the Department

of Education, specialized secondary strands were added to the curriculum to further widen the

scope of the students’ interest and aptitude under the track that they are inclined into. Senior

High School (SHS) refers to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of the K to 12 Basic Education
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
Program. In SHS, students are required to go through a core curriculum and subjects under a

track of their choice (DepEd, 2016). STEM education has the vital importance to be applied in

order to raise individuals having 21st century skills. With the advancement of science and

technology, it is expected to raise individuals with these skills such as creativity, critical

reasoning, research and questioning, cooperation and problem solving. Today’s century expects

students to be productive and problem-solving individuals. STEM education has emerged on the

education (Bybee, 2010).

On the other hand, prior programs during Junior High School may affect the academic

performance during Senior High School. The majority of students who transition into high

school are happy to take that next step in their educational path, unfortunately, for many

students, this transition brings many challenges that they do not know how to confront. Many

find themselves unsuccessful academically or socially, while others completely disengage from

school increasing their absences or becoming behavior problems (Morales, 2014).

This study seeks to evaluate the correlation between Junior High School science

academic performances on STEM academic performance. The researchers shall utilize self-

administered questionnaires. A considerable advantage of the self-administered survey is the

potential anonymity of the respondent, which can lead to more truthful or valid responses. Also,

the questionnaire can be filled out at the convenience of the respondent (University of Guelph,

n.d.).
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
Statement of the Problem

This research study aims to discover if there is a correlation between the academic

performance in Science during Junior High School and STEM academic performance at Iloilo

City National High School. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. Is there any significant correlation between the Junior High School Science Academic

Performance on STEM Academic Performance at Iloilo City National High School?

2. Does Junior High School Science academic performance directly impacts STEM

Academic Performance among students?

Hypothesis Statement

This study aims to find out and determine if there is a significant correlation between

Junior High School (JHS) science academic performance in STEM academic performance at

Iloilo City National High School.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant correlation between Junior High School Science

Academic Performance and STEM Academic Performance among students at Iloilo City

National High School.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant correlation between Junior High School

Science Academic Performance and STEM Academic Performance among students at Iloilo City

National High School.

 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
METHODOLOGY

Gathering of Data

This research study will utilize the Self-administered Questionnaires as the research

instrument. The questionnaire will be administered to all the Grade 11 and 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students at Iloilo City National High

School. The questionnaire will be administered and answered online by the respondents via

Google Forms. A self-administered survey is a data-collection process where the researcher is

entirely absent when respondents are filling out the survey. They can also reach a large and

diverse sample of respondents, especially if they are delivered online or by mail. It can also

reduce some sources of bias and error, such as interviewer effects, social desirability, and

interviewer variability (Longe, 2024).

The questionnaire will include a letter of consent to guarantee that all students are aware

of and consent to the rules and regulations in participating in this research study. The letter will

contain the aim and purpose of the study, highlight the privacy of the responses, and certify that

all participants agree to the conditions of this research study. The distribution of the

questionnaires will start as soon as the participants give their consent.

The distribution of the consent forms and questionnaires will take place online via Google

Forms. All Grade 11 and 12 STEM students at Iloilo City National High School will receive the

necessary materials through messenger. There will be 158 senior high school STEM students

participating in this research study. By means of a random sampling technique, the researchers

will select 30 respondents at random from the total of 158 participants.

 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool will be utilized by the

researcher to analyze the data that has been collected. SPSS is a suite of software programs that

analyzes scientific data related to the social sciences. It offers a fast-visual modeling

environment that ranges from the smallest to the most complex models. One of the core

functionalities offered in SPSS is its statistical program for quantitative data analysis, it includes

frequencies, cross-tabulation, and bivariate statistics. SPSS also has a modeler program that

allows for predictive modeling. It enables researchers to build and validate predictive models

using advanced statistical procedures. (Williams, 2024)

Statistical Tool

A t-test is a statistical test that is used to compare the means of two groups. It is often

used in hypothesis testing to determine whether a process or treatment actually has an effect on

the population of interest, or whether two groups are different from one another (Bevans, 2023).

The researchers will utilize T-tests as a statistical tool to analyze the correlation between

Junior High School Science Academic Performance and STEM Academic Performance. T-tests,

specifically designed as a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant correlation

between the means of two groups. It assesses whether the average of two groups are statistically

different from each other, taking into account the variability within the samples. This parametric

procedure is suitable when samples exhibit normal distribution, equal variance, and

independence. By using T-tests, this study aims to provide statistical evidence regarding any

discrepancies in academic performance between group supporting or refuting hypotheses within

the research.
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City

Statistical Analysis

Deductive statistical analysis of the survey will be carried out using the Statistical

Package for Social Science (SPSS). Survey responses from Google Sheets will be imported into

SPSS after data from 158 respondents has been collected. Following the collection of all

responses, the researchers will manually compute the data. Before determining whether the data

follows a normal distribution, the researchers will enter the collected data into SPSS. If so, the

statistical tool that will be employed will be t-test.

The mean, standard deviation, and frequency distributions for every questionnaire item

will be determined after the data has been imported into SPSS. This will be achieved by dividing

the total number of respondents by the mean, which will be calculated by adding up all of the

responses for each item. To further quantify the distribution of responses around the mean, the

standard deviation will be computed. These calculations will provide descriptive statistics,

summarizing the correlation between Junior High School Science Academic Performance and

STEM Academic Performance.

There will be two groups created from the dataset: Group A, which will contain the

average of the students' final grade on science subject from junior high school, and Group B,

which will contain the average of the students' first semester and third grade from senior high

school. To compare the two groups' mean scores, an Independent Samples T-test will be used.

Since the study's chosen significance level is 0.05, a p-value of less than 0.05 is regarded as

statistically significant, which results in the null hypothesis being rejected. The goal of the
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
researchers is to keep the probability of making a Type I error, which is to reject the null

hypothesis when it is true, to 5% by setting the significance level at 0.05. Since a p-value of less

than 0.05 indicates a significant correlation between two groups, the null hypothesis will be

rejected.

The following steps will be observed to determine the t-value and degrees of freedom

based on the Independent Samples T-test:.

Computing for the Sample Mean and Standard Deviation. The researchers will

calculate the sample means and sample standard deviations for the two groups in the dataset:

Group A (the average of the students' final grade on science subject from junior high school),

and Group B (the average of the students' first semester and third grade from senior high school)

Computing for the Pooled Standard Deviation (Sp). The sample sizes of 2 groups will

be determined by the researchers. To account for variation within each group, the researchers

will compute the pooled standard deviation using these values.

Computing for the Standard Error of the Difference (SE). By multiplying Sp. by the

square root of the inverse of the sample sizes, the standard error of the difference (SE) will be

determined.

Computing for the T-value. The difference in means between the two groups will be

divided by SE to determine the t-value.

Computing for the Degrees of Freedom (df). The degrees of freedom will be obtained

by adding the sample sizes of both groups and subtracting two.

 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) will be utilized to compute the p-value.

The p-value can be directly obtained from the t-test output using SPSS. Under the assumption

that the null hypothesis is true, the p-value indicates the probability of finding a t-value to be as

equal or greater than the computed value. The null hypothesis is rejected and it is determined that

there is enough evidence to support a significant correlation between the two groups (p-value ≤

0.05) if the p-value is less than or equal to the selected significance level.

REFERENCES

Beevans, R. (2023). An Introduction to T-Tests Definitions, Formula and Examples.

https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/t-test/

Williams, K. (2024). What is SPSS? Definition, Features, Types, and Use Cases.

https://surveysparrow.com/blog/what-is-spss/

Longe, B. (2024,). Self Administered Survey: Types, Uses + Questionnaire Examples.

https://www.formpl.us/blog/self-administered-survey

Dalcourt, A., Ramos, S. Moreano, G. (2020) Why Do Peruvian School Students Choose Science

and Technology Careers?

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340509996_Why_Do_Peruvian_School_Studen

ts_Choose_Science_and_Technology_Careers

Department of Education (2016) Guidelines on the Implementation of Senior High School.

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/DO_s2015_51_0.pdf

Become (2023) Science & Technology Degrees and Careers: How to Work in the Technology &

Science Fields.
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
https://www.learnhowtobecome.org/science-technology-careers

Rifandi R. et al. (2019) Journal of Physics: Conference Series.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012208

Morales, O. (2014) MAKING THE MOVE: TRANSITIONING FROM JUNIOR HIGH

TO HIGH SCHOOL. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48504308.pdf

University of Guelph (n.d.) https://www.uoguelph.ca/hftm/self-administered

APPENDICES

(Instrument)

Greetings of Love and Peace!

You are selected as one of the respondents of the research study Junior High School

Academic Science Academic Performance on STEM Academic Performance at Iloilo City

National High School: A Correlational Research.

In line with this, we humbly ask for your contribution on the aforementioned study. The

researchers solely need two (2) data from the respondents: (1) The respondents’ Science Grade

during Junior High School (Final Grade in Science during 10th Grade), and (2) the current grade

the respondents (STEM) have (First Semester grade plus Third Quarter Grade divided by two).

Your response and cooperation would be of valuable matter to the researchers and their

study.

Thank you.

Respectfully yours,
 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City
JURIEL MAR M. ONG LORENZ S. ABANGAN JASPHER JAMES A. DOLENDO
RESEARCHER RESEARCHER RESEARCHER

ANGELICA D. BARRIO REOBELLE A. SEÑEREZ

RESEARCHER RESEARCHER

Noted by

KRITZMAN E. ARMISA
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY TEACHER

(Questionnaire)

This part of the survey will be used to gather data on the general average in science of the

students in Iloilo City National High School. The data subject can be assured of complete

confidentiality and peace of mind knowing that their information is always secret, secure, and

safe.

(Consent)

I have read this form, understood its contents and consent to the processing of my personal data.

I understand that my consent does not preclude the existence of other criteria for lawful

processing of personal data, and does not waive any of my rights under the Data Privacy Act of

2012 and other applicable laws.

Complete Name of Student/Child/Ward: __________________________________

 Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo City
ILOILO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M..H del Pilar St., Molo, Iloilo City

Signature of Student: _________________________________

Date: _________________________

If below 18 years old,

Signature of Parent or Guardian: _______________________________

Printed Name of Parent or Guardian: _____________________________

Date: __________________________