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SQL Scenario Based Questions-7

The document contains SQL scenario-based interview questions and their corresponding answers, covering various topics such as retrieving the second highest salary in departments, calculating cumulative sales percentages, and identifying customers with multiple purchases. Each question is accompanied by a SQL query that demonstrates practical applications of SQL functions and windowing techniques. The document serves as a resource for preparing for SQL interviews by providing real-world scenarios and solutions.

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tony
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

SQL Scenario Based Questions-7

The document contains SQL scenario-based interview questions and their corresponding answers, covering various topics such as retrieving the second highest salary in departments, calculating cumulative sales percentages, and identifying customers with multiple purchases. Each question is accompanied by a SQL query that demonstrates practical applications of SQL functions and windowing techniques. The document serves as a resource for preparing for SQL interviews by providing real-world scenarios and solutions.

Uploaded by

tony
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.

SQL Scenario-Based Interview


Questions & Answers
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.

1. Retrieve the Second Highest Salary for Each Department


Q: Find the second highest salary in each department.
A:

SELECT department_id, MAX(salary) AS second_highest_salary


FROM (
SELECT department_id, salary,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY
salary DESC) AS salary_rank
FROM employees
) AS ranked_salaries
WHERE salary_rank = 2
GROUP BY department_id;

2. Calculate Cumulative Sales Percentage Contribution

Q: Calculate the cumulative percentage of total sales for each product.


A:

SELECT product_id, sales_amount,


SUM(sales_amount) OVER (ORDER BY sales_amount DESC) * 100.0 /
SUM(sales_amount) OVER () AS cumulative_percentage
FROM product_sales;

3. Identify Orders with at Least One Product Above $100

Q: Find all orders where at least one product has a price greater than $100.
A:

SELECT DISTINCT order_id


FROM order_items
WHERE price > 100;

4. Rolling 3-Month Total Sales for Each Product


Q: Calculate a rolling 3-month sales total for each product.
A:
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.

SELECT product_id, month, sales_amount,


SUM(sales_amount) OVER (PARTITION BY product_id ORDER BY month
ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS rolling_3_month_sales
FROM monthly_sales;

5. Identify Customers with Multiple Purchases on the Same Day


Q: Find customers who made more than one purchase on the same day.
A:

SELECT customer_id, purchase_date


FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer_id, purchase_date
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

6. Calculate Total Duration Between Consecutive Orders for Each


Customer
Q: For each customer, calculate the total time elapsed between consecutive
orders.
A:

SELECT customer_id,
SUM(DATEDIFF(day, LAG(order_date) OVER (PARTITION BY
customer_id ORDER BY order_date), order_date)) AS
total_time_between_orders
FROM orders
GROUP BY customer_id;

7. Identify Products Sold in All Regions


Q: List all products that have been sold in every region.
A:

SELECT product_id
FROM sales
GROUP BY product_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT region_id) = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT region_id)
FROM sales);
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.
8. Generate Monthly Sales Growth as a Percentage

Q: Calculate the month-over-month sales growth as a percentage.


A:

SELECT month, sales_amount,


(sales_amount - LAG(sales_amount) OVER (ORDER BY month)) *
100.0 / LAG(sales_amount) OVER (ORDER BY month) AS
monthly_growth_percentage
FROM monthly_sales;

9. Retrieve Customers with the Longest Period of Inactivity


Q: Find the customers with the longest gap between two consecutive
purchases.
A:

SELECT customer_id, MAX(DATEDIFF(day, LAG(purchase_date) OVER


(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY purchase_date), purchase_date)) AS
max_inactivity_period
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer_id;

10. Detect Cyclic Dependencies in Project Tasks


Q: Identify tasks with cyclic dependencies in a project.
A:

WITH RECURSIVE TaskHierarchy AS (


SELECT task_id, dependency_id, ARRAY[task_id] AS path
FROM tasks
UNION ALL
SELECT t.task_id, t.dependency_id, th.path || t.task_id
FROM tasks t
JOIN TaskHierarchy th ON t.dependency_id = th.task_id
WHERE t.task_id <> ALL(th.path)
)
SELECT * FROM TaskHierarchy WHERE task_id = ANY(path);

11. Filter Orders with Most Recent Price for Each Product
Q: Retrieve orders showing only the latest price for each product.
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.
A:

SELECT product_id, price, updated_at


FROM (
SELECT product_id, price, updated_at,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY product_id ORDER BY
updated_at DESC) AS rn
FROM product_prices
) AS latest_price
WHERE rn = 1;

12. Calculate Total Sales of Top 10% Customers by Spend

Q: Find the total sales amount for the top 10% of customers by spending.
A:

WITH CustomerSpending AS (
SELECT customer_id, SUM(sales_amount) AS total_spend
FROM sales
GROUP BY customer_id
),
TopCustomers AS (
SELECT customer_id, total_spend,
PERCENT_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY total_spend DESC) AS
percentile
FROM CustomerSpending
)
SELECT SUM(total_spend) AS top_10_percent_total_sales
FROM TopCustomers
WHERE percentile <= 0.1;

13. Identify Days with Sales Deviating Significantly from Average


Q: Find the days when daily sales were 50% above or below the average.
A:

WITH AverageSales AS (
SELECT AVG(sales_amount) AS avg_sales
FROM daily_sales
)
SELECT sales_date, sales_amount
FROM daily_sales, AverageSales
WHERE sales_amount > 1.5 * avg_sales OR sales_amount < 0.5 *
avg_sales;
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.
14. Rank Customers Based on Frequency of Purchases

Q: Rank customers by their purchase frequency.


A:

SELECT customer_id, COUNT(*) AS purchase_count,


DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC) AS purchase_rank
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer_id;

15. Find Orders with a Non-Matching Shipment Address


Q: Find orders where the shipping address doesn’t match the customer’s
registered address.
A:

SELECT order_id
FROM orders o
JOIN customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
WHERE o.shipping_address <> c.registered_address;

16. Generate a Rank on Sales by Product for Each Month


Q: Rank products by sales in each month.
A:

SELECT month, product_id, sales_amount,


RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY month ORDER BY sales_amount DESC) AS
sales_rank
FROM monthly_sales;

17. Calculate the Median Sales Amount for Each Product


Q: Calculate the median sales amount for each product.
A:

SELECT product_id,
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sales_amount) AS
median_sales
FROM product_sales
GROUP BY product_id;

18. Identify Employees with a Pay Raise Every Year

Q: List employees who have received a pay raise every year.


A:

WITH YearlyRaises AS (
SELECT employee_id, year, salary,
LAG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY employee_id ORDER BY year)
AS prev_salary
FROM salaries
)
SELECT employee_id
FROM YearlyRaises
GROUP BY employee_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = COUNT(CASE WHEN salary > prev_salary THEN 1 END);

19. Calculate 6-Month Moving Average of Revenue

Q: Calculate the 6-month moving average of revenue.


A:

SELECT month, revenue,


AVG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month ROWS BETWEEN 5 PRECEDING AND
CURRENT ROW) AS moving_avg_6_months
FROM monthly_revenue;

20. Detect Anomalies in Sales Data Based on Z-Score


Q: Identify sales amounts that are more than 3 standard deviations from the
mean (outliers).
A:

WITH SalesStats AS (
SELECT AVG(sales_amount) AS avg_sales, STDDEV(sales_amount) AS
stddev_sales
FROM sales
)
SELECT sales_id, sales_amount
Nitya CloudTech Pvt Ltd.
FROM sales, SalesStats
WHERE ABS(sales_amount - avg_sales) > 3 * stddev_sales;

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