UNIT – IV: FOURIER TRANSFORMS

PART-A

Problem:1  AU N/D 2012, M/J 2013

Find the Fourier sine transform of e3 x
Solution :

2 3 x
Fs e 3 x   e sin sx dx
 0

2  e 3 x   eax
  e sin bxdx  2  a sin bx  b cos bx 
ax
  2 2  3sin sx  s cos sx  
 3  s 0  a  b2
2  1  2 s 

  0  9  s 2  0  s      9  s 2   Fs ( s )

2 s 
Fs e 3 x  
  s 2  9 

Problem:2 AU M/J2013 

1 s
If F  f ( x)   F (s) then F  f (ax)   F  , a  0
a a
Proof :
Case (i). a  0.

1 isx
F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s 
2 

1 isx
F  f  ax    e f  ax  dx
2 

dt
Put ax  t  adx  dt  dx  , when x   , t   
a
x   , t 

1
  ist
1 dt
F  f  ax     e a f t 
2 
a
 s
1 1 i  t
 . e a
f  t  dt
a 2 

1 s
F  f  ax    F  
a a
Problem:3 AU M/J 2012, A/M 2010 
What is the Fourier transform of f ( x  a ) if the Fourier transform of f ( x) is F ( s) ?
Solution :

1 isx
By definition F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s 
2 

1
F  f  x  a    eisx f  x  a  dx
2π 
Put t  x  a  x  t  a when x   , t  
dt  dx when x   , t  
 
1 is  t  a  1 is t
F  f  x  a    e f  t  dt  e eis a f  t  dt
2π  2π 

1
 eis a . e
is t
f  t  dt  eis a F (s )
2π 

Problem:4 AU M/J2012, A/M 2010, N/D2010

Find the Fourier sine transform of e  ax , a  0
Solution :

2
Fs  f  x     f ( x) sin sx dx
 0

2  ax
Fs  e ax   e sin sx dx
 0

2  e  ax 

  a 2  s 2   a sin sx  s cos sx  
 0
2  1  2 s 

 0  a 2  s 2  0  s      a 2  s 2   Fs ( s )

2 s 
Fs ( e ax ) 
  a 2  s 2 

2
Problem:5 AU N/D 2011, N/D 2013 
State and prove the change of scale property of Fourier Transform.
Solution :
1 s
If F  f ( x )  F ( s) then F  f (ax )  F  , a  0
a a
Proof :
Case (i). a  0.

1 isx
F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s 
2 

1 isx
F  f  ax    e f  ax  dx
2 

dt
Put ax  t  adx  dt  dx  , when x   , t   
a
x   , t 
 ist
1 dt
F  f  ax     e a f t 
2 
a
 s
1 1 i  t
 . e a
f  t  dt
a 2 

1 s
 F 
a a
Case(ii). a  0
Put a   m where m is positive

1 isx
F  f  ax    e f  mx  dx  F  s 
2 

dt
Put  mx  t   mdx  dt  dx 
m
when x   , t  
x   , t  
ist
1  dt
F  f  ax     e m f t 
2  m
 
 s 
i t
1 1   m 


 .  e f  t  dt
m 2 
 s
1 1 i  t 1 s
 . e a
f  t  dt   F      (2)
a 2 
a a

3
Problem:6 AU N/D2012, N/D 2013
Find the Fourier transform of f ( x)  e  a x , a  0
Solution
1

isx
 a x
 e e dx
2π 
0 
1 ax isx 1  a x isx
 e e dx   e e dx
2π  2π 0


1 0
e
 a  is  x dx  1    a  is  x
e dx
2π 
 2π 0
0 
  a  is  x    a  is  x 
1 e  1 e 
    
2π

 a  is  
2π

  a  is  
 0
1  1  1  1  1  1 1 
   0  0     
2π   a  is   2π    a  is   2π   a  is   a  is  
1  a  is  a  is 
  
2π   a  is  a  is  

2  a 
  2 2   F ( s)
2π   a  s  

2  a 
F ( s)   2 2 
2π   a  s  
Problem:7 AU N/D 2012
State Convolution theorem in Fourier transform
Solution :
Statement :
F  f ( x) * g ( x )  F ( s )G ( s )  F  f ( x) .G  g ( x) 

1
where f(x)  g(x)   f(t) g(x  t) dt
2π 

Problem:8 AU N/D 2010, N/D 2011

Write Fourier transform pair
Solution :

1 isx
F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s  ............(1)
2 

4
Inverse Fourier transform
1  isx
f  x   e F  s  ds ...............(2)
2π 
(1) and (2) together called Fourier transform pair
Problem:9 AU N/D 2011, N/D 2010 
State Parseval's identity on Fourier transform
Solution :
 
If F  f ( x)  F ( s ) then  f  x
2
dx   F s
2
ds
 

Problem:10 AU N/D 2011, N/D 2013

eikx , for a  x  b
Find the complex Fourier Transform of f ( x)  
0 , otherwise
Solution :

1 isx
F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s 
2 
b
1 isx ikx
 e e dx
2 a

1 i s  k  x
 e dx
2π 
b
1  ei  s  k  x 
  
2π  i  s  k  a
i  ei  s  k  b  e i  s  k  a 
  
2π  s  k 

5
 PART B

Problem:1(i)  AU N/D 2009 A/M 2010 N/ D / 2011 N / D / 2012 

1  x for x  1
Find the Fourier Transform of f ( x)   and hence
0 , for x  1

sin 4 t
find the value of  dt
0
t4
Solution :

1 isx
By definition F  f  x    e f  x  dx  F  s 
2 
 1
1 1
 e 1     cos sx  i sin sx  1   dx
isx
 x f  x  dx  x
2  2 1
1 1
1 1

2π
 cos sx  1  x
1
 dx 
2π
 i sin sx 1
1
x  dx
1
2

2
 cos sx 1  x dx  0 (It is an odd function)
0
1
2   sin sx    cos sx  
 1  x   s     1   s 2  
2π      0
1
2  cos sx  2  cos s  1  2  1  cos s 
  2    2    2 
2  s  0 2  s  2  s 
s
 sin 2
2  s  4 2
2 sin 2   1  cos   2 sin
2
  . Hence F ( s)  2
s2 2  2  2 2 s
 
2 2
By Parseval's identity  f  x dx   F s
 
2
s
1  sin 2
2 4 2
 1 x dx   ds
1  2 s2

s
1 sin 4   
16  2  ds
2 1  x  2 dx   4
0
2  s
 4 s 
1 sin   
 1  x  3  16    2   ds
   .  4
 3  0 4   s 
 
 

6
  4 s
sin   
4 


   2   ds  1 (It is an even function)


   s 4
 3
 
 
 4 s 
  sin  
  2   ds   ................(1)
 s4 
  12
 
 
s dt 1 dt
put t  , s  2t ,   ds 
2 ds 2 2

 sin 4 t  
(1) becomes   4 
2dt 
  (2t )  12
 
 sin 4 t    sin 4 t  
  16t 4  2 d t     4  dt 
12  
8t  12

 sin 4 t  8 
 sin 4 t  
2  4  dt 
0
t  12 0  t 4  dt  3
Problem:1(ii)AU N/D 2010, N/D 2012
1, for | x |  a
Find the Fourier Transform of f ( x)   Hence evaluate
0 , for | x |  a
  2
 sin as cos sx   sin x  sin x 
  dx,  dx and 0  x  dx
s  0 x
Solution :

1 isx
By definition:F  f  x    e f  x  dx
2 
a
a e  isx
1 isx 1

2  e 1 dx  2  
a
 is  a

1  eisa e isa  1 2i sin as 2 sin as

    
2π is 2π is 2π s
 
2 sin as
Hence F ( s ) 
2π s
By inverse Fourier Transform

1  isx
f  x  e F  s  ds
2π 

1  isx 2 sin as
 e ds
2π  2π s 7
 
2 sin as
  (cos sx  i sin sx) d
2 
s

1 cos sx sin as
f ( x)   ds
 
s

cos sx sin as
 f ( x)   ds

s
 for x  a

cos sx sin as
 ds  

s 0 for x  a
Put x  0 and a  1 we get

sin s
 ds  

s

sin s 
 ds 
0
s 2

sin x 
Replace s by x   dx 
0 x 2
 
2 2
By Parseval's identity  f  x dx   F  s ds
 
a  2
2 sin as
 12 dx   ds
a  2π s
2
a 4   sin as 
 x  a    s  ds
2π 
 2
2  sin as 
2a    s  ds
π 
 2
 sin s 
Put a  1  π     ds  Integrand is an even function 
 
s 
 2  2
 sin s   sin x  π
π  2  ds    dx 
0  s  0 x  2
Problem 2.  AU N/D 2012, N/D 2013
1  x 2 for x  1
Find the Fourier Transform of f ( x)  
0 , otherwise

sin x  x cos x x
Hence evaluate  3
cos   dx
0
x  2

8
Solution :

1 isx
By definition:F  f  x    F  s   e f  x  dx
2π 
1
1
 e 1  x  dx.
isx 2

2π 1
1
1   eisx   eisx   eisx  
 1  x 2       2 x      2   
2π  is   is 2    is 3  
       1
1
1  2eisx 2 xeisx  2  eis eis   e is e is 
  3    3  2  3  2 
2π  is s 2  1 2π  is s   is s 
2  eis eis e  is e is 
  3  s 2  is 3  s 2 
2π  is 
2  1 is  is 1 is  is 

2π  s 2  e  e  
is 3
 e  e  
2  1 1 
   s 2 .2 cos s  is 3 .2 i sin s 
2π
4  cos s sin s  4  sin s  s cos s 
F(s)   2 . 3  
2π  s s  2π  s3 
By inverse Fourier Transform:

1  isx
f  x  e F  s  ds
2π 

1 4  sin s  s cos s 

2π   cos sx  i sin sx 
 2π  s3 ds

1 4  sin s  s cos s 
  cos sx ds
2π  2π  s3

4  sin s  s cos s 
    cos sx ds
2π  s3

 sin s  s cos s  
   3  cos sx ds  f ( x)
 s  2
π
 1  x  for x  1
 2
 sin s  s cos s 
  s3  cos sx ds  2
0 ,otherwise
1
put x 
2

9

 sin s  s cos s  s   1  3
 
 s 3  cos 
 2


ds 
2
1   
 4 8

 sin x  x cos x   x 3
  3  cos   dx  (since ' s ' is dummy)

x   2 8

 sin x  x cos x   x 3
2  3  cos   dx 
0 
x  2 8

 sin x  x cos x  x 3
  3  cos   dx 
0
x  2 16
Problem:3  AU N/D/2011 , N/D/2012 
2 2
a  x for x  a
Find the Fourier Transform of f ( x)  
0 , otherwise

sin t  t cos t 
Hence deduce that  3
dt  .
0
t 4
 2
 sin t  t cos t  
Using Parsevals identity show that 0  t 3  dt  .
 15
Solution :

1 isx
By definition:F  f  x    F  s   e f  x  dx
2π 
a
1
 e 1  x  dx.
isx 2

2π a
a
1   eisx   eisx   eisx  
 1  x 2      2 x      2   
2π  is   is  2    is 3  
     a
a
1  2eisx 2 xeisx  2  eias eias   e ias e  ias  
  3     3  2    3  2  
2π  is s2  a 2π  is s   is s 
2  eias eias e ias e ias 
  3  s 2  is 3  s 2 
2π  is 
2  1 ias ias 1 ias  ias 

2π  s 2  e  e   is 3  e  e  
2  1 1 
   s 2 .2 cos as  is 3 .2 i sin as 
2π
4  cos as sin as  4  sin as  s cos as 
F(s)    s 2 .  s 3  
2π 2π  s3 

10
 4  sin as  s cos as 
Hence F(s) 
2π  s3 

By inverse Fourier Transform:


1  isx
f  x e F  s  ds
2π 

1 4  sin as  s cos as 

2π
  cos sx  i sin sx 
 2π  s3 ds

1 4  sin as  s cos as 

2π
 cos sx
 2π  s3 ds

4  sin as  s cos as 
    cos sx ds
2π  s3

 sin as  s cos as  
   3  cos sx ds  f ( x )

s  2
π
 1  x  for x  a
 2
 sin as  s cos as 
  s3  cos sx ds   2
0 , otherwise
put x  0

 sin as  s cos as   
  3  cos 0 ds  1  0   Put a  1

s  2 2

 sin s  s cos s  
  3  ds  (since ' s ' is dummy)
 s 2
 
 sin s  s cos s    sin s  s cos s  
2  3  ds   3  ds 
0  s  2 0  s  2

 sin x  x cos x  3
  x 3   16
0

By inverse Transform:

1  isx
f  x e F  s  ds
2π 

1  x 2  for x  1 1

 isx 4  sin s  s cos s 
  e ds
0 , otherwise 2π  2π  s3
Put x  0
 
4  sin s  s cos s  π  sin s  s cos s 
1   3 ds     ds It is an even function.
2π   s  2   s3

11

 sin s  s cos s  π
  3 ds 
0
s  4

 sin t  t cos t  π
  3 ds  ,( s replace by t )
0
t  4
 
2 2
By Parseval's Identity,  f  x dx   F s ds
 
a  2
2 2 4  sin s  s cos s 
 1  x  dx
a
 
 2  s3  ds
a  2
16  sin s  s cos s 
2 1  x  2 x dx 
4 2
   ds
0
2 
s3
a  2
 x5 2 x 3  8  sin s  s cos s 
2 x        ds
 5 3 0  
s3
 2
2  a5 2a 3   sin s  s cos s 
 a     2    ds (It is an even function)
8  5 3  0 
s3
 2
 8  sin s  s cos s 
.     ds put a  1
8 15 0 s3
 2
 sin s  s cos s  
  3  dt  Put s  t
0
s  15
 2
 sin t  t cos t  
  3  dt 
0
t  15
Problem:4(i) AU N/D 2012, N/D 2013

dx
Evaluate  (x 2
using Parsevals identity
0  a2 )2
Solution :

2
Fc  f  x     f ( x) cos sx dx
 0

2  ax
Fc e  ax   e cos sx dx
 0

2  e  ax 

  a 2  s 2   a cos sx  s sin sx  
 0
2  1 

 0  a 2  s 2   a (1)  

12
 2 a 
  Fc (s )
  a 2  s 2 
By Parseval's Identity
 
2 2
 f  x dx   Fc  s  ds
0 0
2
 
2 a 
 e 
 ax 2
dx   ds
0 0
  a 2  s 2 
 
2a 2 ds
  e2ax  dx    2
0 0 a 2
 s2 
 
 e 2 ax  2a 2 ds
  2a     2
 0 0 s 2
 a2 

e0 2a 2 ds
0   2
 2a  0 s 2
 a2 

dx 
Replace s by x ,  
2 2 4a 3
0 x 2
a 
Problem:4(ii) AU N/D 2011, N/D 2012 

dx
Evaluate: using transform method
0
( x  4)( x 2  25)
2

Solution :
 
dx dx
I   2
0
( x  4)( x  25) 0 ( x  2 )( x 2  52 )
2 2 2

Take a  2 and b  5
Let f ( x )  e  ax , g ( x)  e bx , a, b  0
2 a 2 b
then Fc  s   . 2 2
, Gc  s   . 2
 s a  s  b2
By Parseval's' Identity
 

 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx   Fc  s  Gc  s  ds
0 0
 
 ax 2 a 2 b
e . e bx dx   . 2 . 2 ds
0 0
 s  a2  s  b2
 
(a  b)x 2 ds
e dx  ab  . 2
0  s  a  s  b 
2 2 2
0
π

13
 
ds   e ( a  b ) x    1 
0  s 2  a2  s 2  b2  2ab  (a  b)   2ab 0  (a  b) 
. 
0

dx π
 x  ( Replace ' s ' by ' x ').
0
2
a 2
 x 2
b 2
 2ab(a  b)
Replace a by 2 and b  5 in the above step we get

dx π 
 (x 2 2
 
0  4)( x  25) 2(2)(5)(2  5) 140
Problem:5(i) AU N/D 2010 A/M 2010 A/M 2011 

dx
Using Fourier cosine transform Evaluate  (x 2
.
0
 a )( x 2  b 2 )
2


dx
(OR) Evaluate  (t 2
0
 a )(t 2  b 2 )
2

Solution :
Let f ( x )  e  ax , g ( x )  e bx , a, b  0
2 a 2 b
then Fc  s   . 2 2
, Gc  s   . 2
 s a  s  b2
Let f ( x )  e  ax , g ( x )  e bx , a, b  0
2 a 2 b
then Fc  s   . 2 2
, Gc  s   . 2
 s a  s  b2
By Parseval's' Identity
 

 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx   Fc  s  Gc  s  ds
0 0
 
 ax 2 a 2 b
e . e bx dx   . 2 . 2 ds
0 0
 s  a2  s  b2
 
(a  b)x 2 ds
 e dx 
0 π
ab  . 2
0  s  a  s  b 
2 2 2

 
ds   e ( a  b ) x    1 
0  s 2  a2  s 2  b2  2ab  (a  b)   2ab 0  (a  b) 
. 
0

dx π
 x  ( Replace ' s ' by ' x ').
0
2
a 2
 x 2
b 2
 2ab(a  b)

dt π
 t  we replace ' s ' by ' t ' if the required answer is in t
0
2
 a 2  t 2  b 2  2ab(a  b)

14
Problem:5(ii) [AU N/D 2012 ]
2 2
Find the Fourier Cosine Transform of e- a x , a  0.Hence show that the function
 x2
2
e is a self reciprocal.
Solution :
2 2
f ( x)  ea x

2
Fc  f  x     f ( x) cos sx dx
 0

2  a 2 x2
 e cos sx dx.
 0
2   a 2 x2 isx
 R.Part of e e dx.
 0

1 2 2 2
 R.Part of  e a x eisx dx.
2  

1  a 2 x 2 isx
 R.Part of e e dx.
2 

1
 R.Part of  f ( x) eisx dx
2 

 R.Part of F  f ( x) 
2 2
 R.Part of  Fourier Transform ofe  a x 
 
2
 1  s2 
 R. Part of  e 4a 
 a 2 
s2
1 
4a2
 e
a 2
s2
1 
Fc  f ( x )  e 4 a2

a 2
s2
 a 2 x2 1 
Fc e  2
e 4a
  a 2
1
Put a  we get
2
2 2
 x   s
2 2
Fc e   e
 

15