Math 7 QTR 2 Week 9
Math 7 QTR 2 Week 9
Competency:
The learner finds the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable (M7AL-IIi-1); solves linear
equation or inequality in one variable involving absolute value by: (a) graphing; and (b) algebraic methods
(M7AL-IIi-j-1); and solves problems involving equations and inequalities in one variable. (M7AL-IIj-2).
Expectations
A linear equation in one variable is one which can be written in the form ax + b = 0, where a and b are
real numbers and a ≠ 0, e.g. 3x – 2 = 7 and x + 5 = -1. On the other hand, 3x – 2 > 7 and x + 5 ≤ -1 are
examples of linear inequalities.
Properties of Equality
To find the solution of a given equation, we need to use the Properties of Equality.
Let a, b, and c are real numbers.
1. Reflexive Property (a = a) Left
– states that any number or expression is equal to itself. Side Right
e.g. 4 = 4 -7 = -7 1.5 = 1.5 x–5=3 Side
2. Symmetric Property (If a = b, then b = a)
– interchanging the sides of an equation will not affect its equality. Relation
e.g. If 5 = 2 + 3, then 2 + 3 = 5. If 3 – 1 = 2, then 2 = 3 – 1. symbol
3. Transitive Property (If a = b and b = c, then a = c)
– tells us that if the first expression is equal to the second expression, and the
second expression is equal to the third, therefore, the first expression is also equal
to the third expression.
e.g. If 8 + 1 = 9 and 9 = 10 – 1, then 8 + 1 = 10 – 1.
4. Addition Property (APE) (If a = b, then a + c = b + c)
– states that if you add the same number (or its additive inverse) to both sides of an equation, they will remain
equal (i.e., the equation continues to be true.)
e.g. If 7 + 4 = 11 then 7 + 4 + (-4) = 11 + (-4).
5. Multiplication Property (MPE) (If a = b, then ac = bc)
– states that if you multiply the same number (or its multiplicative inverse) to both sides of an equation, they
will remain equal (i.e., the equation continues to be true.)
e.g. If (3)(4) = 12 then (3)(4)(5) = 12(5).
Properties of Inequality
To find the solution set of a given inequality, we need to use the Properties of Inequality.
Let a, b, and c are real numbers.
1. Addition Property (API) If a < b, then a + c < b + c.
e.g. If 4 < 5 then 4 + 2 < 5 + 2.
2. Multiplication Property (MPI) (2.1) If a < b and c > 0, then ac < bc.
e.g. If 12 < 15 then 12(5) < 15(5).
Illustrative examples:
Solve for x. That means, just add its
x–3=6 additive inverse on both
1) x – 3 + 3 = 6 + 3 2) x – 8 = -1 sides to isolate the
variable x.
Add 3 to both sides. x – 8 + 8 = -1 + 8 Add 8 to both sides.
x=9
3) 4) x=7
x + 4 = -3 x+7=2
Add -4 to both sides. Add -7 to both sides
x + 4 + (-4) = -3 + (-4) x + 7 + (-7) = 2 + (-7)
x = -7 x = -5
Recall that if the same number is multiplied to the left and right sides of an equation, the resulting
products are equal. We will now illustrate how this property is applied in solving linear equations in one
variable.
That means, just multiply its
Illustrative examples: multiplicative inverse on both
sides to isolate the variable x.
Solve for x.
𝑥 𝑥
5) =5 6) =2
3 −4
𝑥 𝑥
3● =5●3 Multiply 3 to both sides -4 ● = 2 ● -4 Multiply -4 to both sides
3 −4
𝑥 = 15 𝑥 = -8
8) −5𝑥 = -10
7) 3𝑥 = 12
1 1 1
1 1 1 ● − 5𝑥 = -10 ● Multiply to both sides
● 3𝑥 = 12 ● Multiply to both sides −5 −5 −5
3 3 3
𝑥=2
𝑥=4
𝑥
9) 3x – 2 = 7 10) + 4 = -2
2
3x – 2 + 2 = 7 + 2 Add 2 to both sides 𝑥
+ 4 + (-4) = -2 + (-4) Add -4 to both sides.
2
3x = 9
𝑥
1 1 1 = -6
● 3x = 9 ● Multiply to both sides. 2
3 3 3
𝑥
x=3 2● = -6 ● 2 Multiply 2 to both sides.
2
x = -12
Lesson 1.3: Finding the Solution Set of a Linear Inequality in one Variable
Recall that a solution of a linear inequality in one variable depends on the given set of real number
from which values for the variable can be taken. In addition, the set of real number that makes the inequality
true when substituted to the variable is called the solution set of the inequality. Let us now apply properties
of inequality.
It shows that the set of
Illustrative examples: real numbers greater than
or equal to 4 are the
Solve for n. solution of the given
inequality.
1) n–3≥1 2) n + 7 < -6
n – 3 + 3 ≥ 1 + 3 Add 3 to both sides n + 7 + (-7) < -6 + (-7) Add -7 to both sides
n≥4 n < -13
3)Thus,𝑛 {>n-8
|n≥4} 5) -13 < 2n
Thus, {n+| n1 << -13
9 }
5
5●
𝑛
> -8 ● 5 Multiply 5 to both sides -13 + (-1) < 2n + 1 + (-1) < 9 + (-1) Add -1 on all sides
5
n > -40 -14 < 2n < 8
Thus, { n | n > -40 } −14
<
2𝑛
<
8
Divide all sides by 2.
2 2 2
Simplify all sides
-6n ≥ 18 -7 < n < 4
MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 9 1 P a g e 3|9
1 1 Multiply to both sides
● -6n ≥ 18 ● −6 Thus, { n | -7 < n < 4 }
−6 −6
n ≤ -3
Thus, { n | n ≤ -3 }
4)
Thus, the solution
set for this inequality
(The inequality reversed because is greater than -7 but
we multiplied both sides by a less than 4. This is
negative number). read as, “n such that
n is greater than -7
but less than 4.”
RECALL: Absolute Value
Using the figure, | -6 | = 6 and | 6 | = 6. Therefore, the equation | x | = 6 has two solutions for x,
which are { x | x = -6 and 6 }. In symbols: | a | = { ±a }.
Lesson 2.1: Solving and Graphing Linear Equation in One Variable Involving Absolute Value
In this lesson you will learn how to solve and graph linear equation in one variable involving absolute
value. If a is a positive number, then the solution to the absolute value equation | x | = a is x = -a and x = a.
Illustrative Examples:
Find the solution/solution set of the following linear equation in one variable involving absolute value
and show its graph:
1) Solve | x – 7 | = 10.
Solution and the steps:
Step 1: Let the expression on one side of the No need to isolate because the expression on the left side
equation consist only of a single value expression. consists only of a single absolute value expression.
Step 2: Is the number on the other side of the No, proceed to Step 3.
equation negative?
Step 3: To satisfy the equation, the expression x – 7 = -10 x – 7 = 10
inside the absolute value can either be -10 or 10.
These correspond to two equations.
Step 4: Solve both conclusions. 𝑥 − 7 = -10 x – 7 = 10
x – 7 + 7 = -10 + 7 x – 7 + 7 = 10 + 7
x = -3 x = 17
Step 5: Give your conclusion. Thus, { x | x = -3 and 17 }.
Step 6: Graph as shown on the right side.
2) Solve | x + 1 | = 8
Solution and steps:
Step 1: Let the expression on one side of the No need to isolate because the expression on the left side consists
equation consist only of a single value expression. only of a single absolute value expression.
Step 2: Is the number on the other side of the No, proceed to Step 3.
equation negative?
Step 3: To satisfy the equation, the expression
inside the absolute value can either be -10 or 10. x+1=8 x + 1 = -8
These correspond to two equations.
Step 4: Solve both conclusions. x+1=8 x + 1 =-8
x +1 + (-1) = 8 + (-1) x +1 + (-1) = -8 + (-1)
x=7 x = -9
Step 5: Give your conclusion. Thus, { x | x = -9 and 7 }.
Step 6: Graph as shown on the right side.
Lesson 2.2: Solving and Graphing Linear Inequality in One Variable Involving
Absolute Value
There are two types of absolute value inequalities; each corresponds to a different procedure.
If | x | < k, then –k < x < k. If | x | > k, then x < –k or x > k. It will also hold for ≤ and ≥. These
principles work for any positive number k. On the other hand, if | x | < -k, then there is no solution.
If | x | > -k, then x ϵ R. In addition, if | x | < 0, then there is no solution, and if | x | > 0, then x ϵ R.
MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 9 P a g e 4|9
Illustrative Examples:
Find the solution set of the following linear inequalities in one variable involving absolute value and
show its graph:
1.) Solve | 2n – 6 | < 24.
Solution and the steps:
Step 1: Let the expression on one side of the inequality No need to isolate because the expression on the left side
consist only of a single absolute value expression. already consists of a single absolute value expression.
Step 2: Is the number on the other side of the inequality a No, so proceed to step 3.
negative or 0?
Step 3: Since the inequality shows first type which states | 2n – 6 | < 24
that if | x | < k, then –k < x < k. -24 < 2n – 6 < 24
Step 4: Solve the inequality. -24 < 2n – 6 < 24
-24 + 6 < 2n – 6 + 6 < 24 + 6
-18 < 2n < 30
2 2 2
-9 < n < 15
Step 5: Give your conclusion. Thus, { n | -9 < n < 15 }.
Read as “ n such that n is greater than -9 but less
than 15.”
Step 6: Graph as shown on the right. Use open circles to
indicate that -9 and 15 are not part of the solution.
2) Solve |2x| - 6 ≥ 0
Solution and the steps:
Step 1: Let the expression on one side of the Isolating the |2x| on the left side will give us 6 on
inequality consist only of a single absolute value the right side.
expression.
Step 2: Is the number on the other side of the
inequality a negative or 0? No, so proceed to step 3.
Step 3: Since the inequality shows second type
which states that 2x ≤ –6 or 2x ≥ 6
if | x | ≥ k, then x ≤ –k or x ≥ k.
Step 4: Solve the inequality. 2x ≤ –6 2x ≥ 6
½● 2x ≤ –6 ● ½ ½● 2x ≥ 6 ● ½
x ≤ -3 x≥3
Step 5: Give your conclusion. Thus, { x | x ≤ -3 or x ≥ 3 }
Read as, “x such that x is less than or equal to -3
or x is greater than or equal to 3.”
Step 6: Graph as shown on the right. Use closed circles Make sure that the solution is highlighted as shown:
to indicate that -3 and 3 are part of the solution.
Lesson 3.1: Solving Problems Involving Equations and Inequalities In One Variable
In the previous lessons, you were able to gain the knowledge on how to translate word
phrases to algebraic expressions and vice versa. In this lesson, we will use the same knowledge to
solve problems involving equations and inequalities.
To write an algebraic expression, you have to assign a variable to represent the unknown
number. The following are some examples that could help you to translate your
word problems to equations and inequalities. Recal
Illustrative examples:
I. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Activity 1.Tell Me
A. State what property of equality is illustrated in each statement. Write your answer on the third
column.
Given Properties
1. If 3 ● -1 = -3 and -3 = -3 ● 1, then 3 ● -1 = -3 ● 1
3. If 1 + 5 = 6, then 6 = 1 + 5.
Activity 4. Match Me
Directions: Match the given linear equations and inequalities with their corresponding graphs. Write
the answer on the space before the number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. | x | = 2 a.
-7 -6 -5 ------- 5 6 7
2. | x - 2| < 7 b. b.
-4 -3 -2 ------- 2 3 4
3. | x | + 1 = 6 c.
-7 -6 -5 ------- 9 10 11
Activity 5. Solve Me
Read and solve the following problems carefully and thoroughly. Write your answer on the space
before the number.
1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 80 meters, and the length is 25 meters. Find the width of the
rectangle.
2. Two cars leave Manila and travel in opposite directions. One of the cars averages 12 km/hr
less than the other. After 3 hours, they are 396 km apart. What is the average speed of each
car?
A linear equation in one variable is an equation which can be written in the form ax + b = 0,
where a and b are real number and a ≠ 0.
When a number replaces a variable in an equation (or inequality) to result in a true
statement, that number is a solution of the equation (or
inequality). The set of all solutions for a given
A. Properties of Equality inequality is called the solution set of the inequality.
Let a, b, and c real numbers. In finding the solution and solution set of a
linear equation and inequalities it is important to
Reflexive Property: remember the following properties.
a=a
Symmetric Property:
If a = b, then b = a.
Transitive Property:
B. Properties of Inequality
If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
Let a, b, and c real numbers.
Addition Property: Addition Property: If a < b, then a + c < b + c
If a = b, then a + c = b + c Multiplication Property:
Multiplication Property:
(a) If a < b and c > 0, then c ● a < b ● c
If a = b, then c ● a = b ● c
(b) If a < b and c < 0, then c ● a > b ● c
There are two types of absolute value inequalities; each corresponds to a different procedure.
If | x | < k, then –k < x < k. If | x | > k, then x < –k or x > k. It will also satisfy the inequalities with
the symbols ≤ and ≥. These principles work for any positive number k. On the other hand, if | x | <
-k, then there is no solution. If | x | > -k, then x ϵ R. In addition, if | x | < 0, then there is no
solution, and if | x | > 0, then x ϵ R.
1. What will happen when both sides of the inequality are multiplied or divided
by a negative number?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What must be the reason for this equation, x + 5 = 1 which became x = -4?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The absolute value of a number is the distance of that number from zero. Cite a situation in your life
that you need to distance from and explain why.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Post-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on the space before the number.
1. What must be utilized on both sides of the equation n – 5 = -1 in order to isolate the variable on one side?
A. add 5 B. add -5 C. multiply 5 D. multiply -5
2.The equation |x + 13| = 0 has a solution of set of _________.
A. { x | x = 0 } B. { x | x = -13 } C. { x | x = 13 } D. There is no solution.
3. Which of the following are the possible values of | x | - 2 < 8?
A. { x | x > -10 or x < 10 } C. { x | x > - 8 or x < 2 }
B. { x | - 2 < x < 8 } D. { x | - 10 < x < 10 }
4. At a concert, there were 25 more women than men. The total number of people at the concert was 139.
Find the number of men.
A. 45 C. 75
B. 57 D. 95
5. When 3 is multiplied by 5 less than a number, the result is 9 less than 5 times the number. Find the
number.
A. 0 C. ±3
B. -3 D. 3
Additional Activities