MATH 7 QUARTER 1 - Week 2

Competency:
The learners should be able to solve problems involving sets with the use of Venn
diagram.

Expectations

This module is designed to help you develop your skills in solving problems. After going
through this module, you are expected to:
1. Define a Venn diagram;

2. Illustrate situations using Venn diagrams; and

3. Solve word problems involving sets with the use of Venn diagrams.

Pre-test

Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following refers to the illustration of relationships between or among sets of
objects?

A. Venn Diagram B. Universal Set C. Circle Graph D. Finite Set

2. What is A – B in the given Venn diagram on the right?

A. {3} C. {0, 1, 5}

B. {2, 4} D. {0,1,2,4,5}

3. Which of the following is a Venn diagram representation for the intersection of two
sets?

A. B. C. D.

4. In a school, 45 students are taking classes. Thirty of them are enrolled in Accounting and
18 students are enrolled in Economics. Twelve of them are taking both classes. How many
of the students are not in either class?

A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11

5. At an overpriced department store, there are 120 customers. If 55 have purchased shirts,
48 have purchased pants, and 45 have purchased neither, how many purchased both shirts
and pants?

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 A. 28 B. 20 C. 16 D. 12

Looking Back at Your Lesson

From the previous module, you have learned that a set is a well-defined group of objects, called
elements, which share a common characteristic. The different set operations are:

1. Union of Sets: The union of the sets A and B, denoted by A∪B, is the set that
contains those elements that belong to A, B, or to both.

2. Intersection of Sets: The intersection of the sets A and B, denoted by A∩B, is the
set containing those elements that belong to both A and B.

3. Complement of a Set: The complement of a set A, written as A’, is the set of all

elements found in the universal set, U, that are not found in set A.

4. Difference of Sets: The difference of two sets, written as A – B, is the set of all
elements of A that are not elements of B.

Try this.

Given: U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j } , M = { a, b, c, d, e }, N = { i, g, h}, A = { a, c, e, h, i, j
}

Which elements match each set? Choose your answer from the box. Write the letter of
the correct answer on the space provided.
A. { f, g, h, i, j }
1. A ∪ M _______
B. { i, g, h }
2. A ∩ M _______

3. M’ _______ C. { a, b, c, d, e, h, i, j}

4. M – N _______ D. { a, b, c, d, e}

5. N – M _______ E. { a, c, e }

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Venn Diagram

Venn Diagram Defined

A Venn Diagram refers to the diagram that shows the relationship between and among sets of
objects. It was first introduced by the mathematician John Venn in 1880s.
This diagram enables you to organize information visually so that you can see the relationships
between two or three sets of items. You can then identify similarities and differences. You can also
determine what elements are in a set and what elements do not belong to the set.

A Venn diagram consists of two or more overlapping closed curves, usually circles, each
representing a set.

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Visualizing the different regions in a Venn diagram
The idea of the Venn Diagram is simple: sets are shown as regions.
The inside of the circle represents elements of a set, the outside contains
anything that is not in that set. Shown on the right is an example of a Venn
Diagram. By convention, capital letters are used to denote sets. If you
happen to see small letters, consider these small letters as elements.
Braces,{ }, denote a list of elements in a set.
Analyze the relationships between sets through the following illustrations.

Set Notation Venn Diagram Explanation

1. Set A This set includes the elements common to both A
and B and the elements only in A.

2. Set B This set includes the elements common to both A

and B and the elements only in B.

3. A∩B This set contains elements that are common to

both A and B.

4. A – B This set contains elements of A that are not

elements of B.

5. B – A This set contains elements of B that are not

elements of A.

6. A∪B This set contains elements that belong to A, B, or

to both.

7. A’ This set contains elements of the Universal Set

that are not in Set A.

Now, you are going to practice analyzing sets in a Venn diagram through the following examples.
1. Given the Venn diagram below, find the elements of the following:

a. P
Answer: P = {3, 6, 9}. The elements that you can find in P are 3, 6, and 9.
b. Q
Answer: Q = {2, 4, 6, 8}. The elements that you can find in Q are 2, 4, 6, and 8.

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 c. P∩Q
Answer: P∩Q = {6}. This is because 6 is the element common to both P and Q.
d. P – Q
Answer: P – Q = {3, 9}. This is because 3 and 9 are the elements of P that are not in Q.
e. Q – P
Answer: Q – P = {2, 4, 8}. This is because 2, 4, and 8 are elements of Q that are not in P.
f. P∪Q
Answer: P∪Q = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9}. This set contains elements in P, Q, or both P and Q.
g. P’
Answer: P’ = {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8}. This set contains elements of the universal set which are not
in P.

2. Find the elements of the following sets illustrated in the Venn diagram below.

a. A
Answer: A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
b. B
Answer: B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
c. A∩B
Answer: A∩B = {3, 5, 7, 11}
d. A - B
Answer: A – B = {1, 9}
e. B - A
Answer: B – A = {2}
f. A∪B
Answer: A∪B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
g. A’
Answer: A’ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

3. Do the following.
3.1 Illustrate using a Venn diagram:
U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = {multiples of 5}
B = {even numbers}.
3.2 Use the Venn diagram in 3.1 to list the elements of the following sets:
a. A∩B
b. A∪B
c. A - B
d. B - A
e. B’

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 Answer:

3.1
3.2
a. A∩B = {10}
b. A∪B = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}
c. A - B = {5}
d. B - A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
e. B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

Lesson 2: Problem Solving

Venn diagram is also a tool in solving problems. Therefore, you must be familiar with
the different set operations.
Look at the Venn Diagram below that shows what is within a universal set.

source: https://www.ck12.org/c/probability/sets/lesson/Union-and-Intersection-of-Sets-ALG-II/

Consider the following problems:

Example 1: In a STEM class of 50 students who took the entrance exam in PLM and
UP, 18 passed PLMAT, 25 passed UPCAT and 10 students passed both exams. How many
students were not able to pass any of the entrance test?

Explanation: Since out of the 50 students, 10 students passed

both entrance exams, write 10 in the overlapped portion of the two
circles. Let A be the set of students who passed PLMAT and B be the set
of students who passed UPCAT. You have to determine how many
students passed PLMAT only and UPCAT only, so;
total number of students who passed PLMAT only = 18 – 10 = 8
total number of students who passed UPCAT only = 25 – 10 = 15
total number of students who passed the entrance exam = 8 + 15 + 10 = 33
total number of students who did not pass in either PLMAT or UPCAT = 50 – 33 = 17
Therefore, 17 students did not pass any of the entrance tests.
Example 2: At a milk tea shop, 80 people chose winter melon and 52 people chose salty cream.
There are 38 people who chose both winter melon and salty cream. If each person chose at least one
of these beverages, how many people visited the shop?

Explanation: There are 38 people who chose both winter melon and salty cream so this will
be the intersection of the two sets. Write 38 at the middle of the Venn diagram. Now you must find
out how many people chose winter melon only and salty cream only.
total number of people who chose winter melon only=80 -38 =42
total number of people who chose salty cream only = 52 – 38 = 14

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total number of people who visited the shop =42 + 14 + 38 = 94
Therefore, there are 94 people who visited the shop.

Example 3: In an elementary school, 300 students were randomly interviewed. There

are 180 students who like Math, 150 like Science and 120 like both Math and Science.

a) How many students like only Math?

Answer:
number of students who like Math - number of students who like both subjects
180 -120 = 60
There are 60 students who like only Math.

b) How many students like only Science?

Answer:
number of students who like Science - number of students who like both subjects
150 – 120 = 30
There are 30 students who like only Science.

c) How many students like neither Math nor Science?

Answer:
number of students interviewed - number of students who like Math or Science
300 -210 = 90
There are 90 students who neither like Math nor Science.

d) How many students like only Math or Science?

Answer:
number of students who like Math or Science
60 + 30 = 90
There are 90 students who like Math or Science.

Activities

Activity 1:
A. Given the Venn diagram below, find the elements of each set for each item.

1. A 4. A∩B
2. B 5. A – B
3. A∪B 6. B – A

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 B. Represent the following using Venn Diagrams.
1) U = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}
A = {2, 6, 8, 12}
B = { 2, 6, 8, 10, 16}
2) U = {red, yellow, blue, green, orange, purple, black, brown}
A = {red, blue, green, black, brown}
B = {yellow, green, orange}

Activity 2:
Solve the following problems using Venn Diagram.
1. Out of fifty students, 34 joined the Journalism Class and 25 joined the Robotics Club.
a) If 16 students joined both clubs, how many students are in neither club?
b) How many are in either club?

2. In a school, all the students play either basketball or badminton or both. There are 200
students who play basketball, 150 students play badminton and 80 students play both
games. Find:
a) the number of students who play basketball only.
b) the number of students who play badminton only.
c) the total number of students in the school.

Remember

Venn diagrams are graphical or pictorial representation of relationships between

different groups of things. It gives a logical representation of the groups or sets.
Set Notation Venn Diagram Explanation
1. Set A This set includes the elements common to both A
and B and the elements only in A.

2. Set B This set includes the elements common to both A

and B and the elements only in B.

3. A∩B This set contains elements that are common to

both A and B.

4. A – B This set contains elements of A that are not

elements of B.

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 5. B – A This set contains elements of B that are not
elements of A.

6. A∪B This set contains elements that belong to A, B, or

to both.

7. A’ This set contains elements of the Universal Set

that are not in Set A.

Check your Understanding

Solve the following problems using Venn Diagrams.

1. In a school, all the students joined either the Theater Club or the Dance Club. There are 420
students who joined the Theater Club, 350 students who joined Dance Club, and 215 students
who joined both clubs. Find:
a. the number of students who joined the Theater Club only.
b. the number of students who joined the Dance Club only.
c. the total number of students in the school.

2. In a class of 60 students, each of the student passed either in English or in Math or in both
subjects. There are12 students who passed in both subjects and 35 passed in Math. Find how
many students passed in English.
3. In a class, there are 30 students who like chocolate, 25 students who like vanilla, and 12
students who like neither. If there are 55 people in the class, how many students like chocolate
and vanilla?

Post-test

Direction: Read and understand each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the best
answer.

1. Which of the following best describes a Venn Diagram ?

A. It is an illustration of relationships between or among sets of objects.
B. It is the representation of common elements present to common sets.
C. It is a diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by lines.
D. It is a circular representation which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical
proportion.
2. What is B - A in the given Venn diagram?
A. {3} C. {0, 1, 5}
B. {2, 4} D. {0, 1, 2, 4, 5}

3. Which set operation represents the shaded part of the Venn diagram?
A. A – B C. A ∪ B
B. B - A D. A ∩ B

4. In a school, 60 students are taking classes. Thirty-two of them will be taking Accounting and 24
of them will be taking Economics. Fifteen of them are taking both classes. How many of the students
are not in either class?

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 A. 15 B. 17 C. 19 D. 21
5. At an overpriced department store there are 100 customers. If 40 have purchased shirts, 35 have
purchased pants, and 40 have purchased neither, how many purchased both shirts and pants?
A. 18 B. 15 C. 14 D. 10

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 ANSWER SHEET
MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 1 Week 2

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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