Question Set 1

GROUP-A

1. Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following:

(i) The entity integrity constraint states that

A. no primary key value can be null

B. a part of the key may he null

C. duplicate object values are allowed

D. none of these

(ii) In a relational data model, the columns of a table are called

A. relation

B. tuple

C. attribute

D. degree

(iii) Data manipulation language enables user to

A. retrieval of information stored in the database

B. insertion of information into the database

C. deletion of information from the database

D. all of these

(iv) The word 'loss' in lossless refers to

A. loss of information
B. loss of relations
C. loss of attributes
D. none of these

(v) 2NF is always in

A. INF

B. MVD

C. BCNF

D. none of these

vi) In a one-to-many relationship, the entity that is on the one side of the relationship is called a(n)

entity.
A. parent

B. child

C. instance

D. subtype

vii) Which of the following refers to an entity in which the identifier of one entity includes the
identifier of another entity?

A. Weak entity

B. Strong entity

C. ID-dependent entity

D. ID-independent entity

viii) Every time attribute A appears, it is matched with the same value of attribute B, but not the
same value of attribute C. Therefore, it is true that:

A. A →B.

B. A→C.

C. A→ (B,C).

D. (B,C)→ A.

ix) Row is synonymous with the term:

A. record

B. relation

C. column

D. field

x) Time stamp is used for

A. Serialization

B. Deadlock control

C. Transaction log

D. both (b) & (c)

xi) Which is the false statement?

A. A database is ordered collection of data

B. A database is systematic compilation of records in a computer

C. DBMS manages the database

D. Data helps in making decisions.

xii) DML language is used to

A. define schema
B. define internal level

C. access data

D. all of these.

(Short Answer Type Questions) Answer any three of the following

GROUP-B

2. What is database? What are the advantages of DBMS over file processing system?

3. Discuss the entity integrity and referential integrity constrains. Why each is considered important?
Explain with suitable example.

4. a) Write the concepts of dense index and sparse index with example.

b) When is it preferable to use a dense index rather than a sparse index? Explain.

5. A table R has attributes A, B, C, D, E and satisfies the following functional dependencies:

A--> BC, B--> D, CD--> E, EA

a) What are the candidate keys?

b) Is this table in 2NF? 3NF? BCNF?

c) Show that (A, B, C) and (A, D, E) are not a dependency preserving decomposition of R.

6 a) What is the disadvantage of Cartesian product and how to recover from it?

b) Explain full outer join, left outer join, right outer join with examples.

GROUP-C

(Long Answer Type Questions) Answer any three of the following.

7. a) i) Describe three-schema architecture of DBMS.

ii) What is weak entity set? Explain with suitable example.

b) Write SQL statements on the following tables:

SALESPEOPLE (snum, sname, city, commission)

CUSTOMERS (cnum, cname, city, rating, snum)

ORDERS (onum, amt, odate, enum, snum)

i) Show the commissions of all the sale persons who receive at least one order of amount greater
than 5,000.

ii) Find all the customers located in cities where sale person Amit has customers.

c) Define a foreign key. Why is the concept needed?

d) Explain the terms 'partial functional dependency' and 'transitive dependency' with examples.
8. a) Draw the E-R diagram of the following:

A General Hospital consists of a number of specialized wards (such as Maternity, Paediatry, Oncology,
etc). Each ward hosts a number of patients, who were admitted on the recommendation of their own
GP and confirmed by a consultant employed by the Hospital. On admission, the personal details of
every patient are recorded. A separate register is to be held to store the information of the tests,
undertaken and the results of a prescribed treatment. A number of tests may be conducted for each
patient. Each patient is assigned to one leading consultant but may be examined by another doctor, if
required. Doctors are specialists in some branch of medicine and may be leading consultants for a
number of patients, not necessarily form the same ward.

(b) What do you mean by "Ternary relationship"?

(c) Explain the difference between Primary key, Candidate key and Super key.

9. (a)What do you mean by transaction? Explain its life cycle.

(b)Explain different type of concurrency problem in database with an example.

(c) What is the wait for graph and how it detects deadlock in database.

10. (a) What do you by functional dependency? Explain fully and partial functional dependency.

(b)Find all the functional dependency of following table.

STUDENT

STUD NO STUD NAME STUD_PHONE STUD STATE STUD COUNT STUD_AG

1 RAM 9716271721 Haryana India 20

2 RAM 9898291281 Punjab India 19
3 SUJIT 7898291981 Rajsthan India 18
4 SURESH Punjab India 21

Table 1

(c) Also, find the primary key of the above table.

11. Write short notes on any three of the following:

a) Serializable

b) Two-phase protocol

c) Natural join

d) Transition state

e) Time stamp protocol

 Question Set 2

GROUP-A

1. Answer any ten from the following, choosing the correct alternative of each question:

i) A top-to bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a

(A) hierarchical schema

(B) relational schema

(C) network schema

(D) all of these.

ii) In a relational data model, the columns of a table are called

(A) relation

(B) tuple

(C)attribute

(D) degree

iii) Relational calculus is a

(A) procedural language

(B) non-procedural language

(C) query language

(D) normalization technique.

iv) The word 'loss' in lossless refers to

(A) loss of information

(B) loss of attributes

(C) loss of relations

(D) none of these

v) For R = {J, K, L) F = {JKLL->K) the candidate keys are

(A) J and K

(B) JK

(C) only J

(D) JK and JL

(vi)A table can have only one

(A) Primary Key

(B) Candidate Key

(C) Super Key

(D) all of these

(vii) SELECT operation in SQL is a

(A) data query language

(B) data definition language

(C) data manipulation language

(D) data control language

(viii) When all the attributes in a relation describe and depend upon the primary key, the relation is
said to be in

(A) INF

(B) 2NF

(C) 3NF

(D) 4NF

(ix) The concurrency control has the problem of

(A) lost updates

(B)dirty read

(C)unrepeatable read

(D) all of these

(x) Serializability of concurrent transactions are ensured by

(A) locking

(B) time stamping

(C) both (a) and (b)

(D) none of these

(xi) What schema defines how and where the data are organized in a physical data storage?

(A) External

(B) Conceptual

(C) Internal

(D) None of these

(xii) For a B-tree of order N with n nodes is of height

(A) log2n

(B) log2n

(C) 2log2n

(D) logan

GROUP-B

(Short Answer Type Questions) (Answer any three of the following)

2. Discuss the entity integrity and referential integrity constrains. Why each is considered important?
Explain with suitable example.

3. Consider the following relations for a database that keeps track of business trips of salesperson in
a sales office:

SALESPERSON (SSN Name, Start Year, Dept_No)

TRIP (SSN, From_City, To_City, Departure_Date, Return_Date, Trip ID)

EXPENSE (Trip ID, Account#, Amount)

Specify the following queries in either relational algebra or in SQL:

a) Give the details (all attributes of TRIP relation) for trip that exceeded Rs. 3,000 in expenses.

b) Print SSN of salesman who took trips to 'New York'.

4. a) What is project operator in relational algebra?

b) Explain outer join.

5. a) Define BCNF.

b) How does it differ from 3NF?

c) Why is it considered stronger from 3NF?

6. a) Explain Aggregation in E-R diagram

b) What is Two-phase locking?

GROUP-C

(Long Answer Type Questions) (Answer any three of the following)

7. a) Consider the relational database as given below and write down expressions in relational
algebra for the following queries.

Item_Master(item_id, item name, reorder level)

Item_Details (item_id, Supplier_id, Purchase_date, Qty, Utcost)

i) Select the quantities of each purchased item alphabetically.

ii) Select the names of items which have the lowest total quantity.

iii) Replace the attribute name Qty to Qty_Ordered.

b) What is stored attribute?

c) Describe three level schema of DBMS.

d) Write a short note on B+ tree.

8. a) i) What is transaction?

ii) Explain ACID properties of transaction.

iii) Explain conflict serializability.

b) Write SQL statements on the following tables:

SALESPEOPLE (snum, sname, city, commission)

CUSTOMERS (enum, cname, city, rating, snum)

ORDERS (onum, amt, odate, enum, snum)

i) Show the commissions of all the sale persons who receive at least one order of amount greater
than 5,000.

ii) Find all the customers located in cities where sales-person's name is 'Riyam'.

iii) Find out order number and total amount of orders.

9. a) Draw the E-R diagram of the following:

A General Hospital consists of a number of specialized wards (such as Maternity, Paediatry, Oncology,
etc). Each ward hosts a number of patients, who were admitted on the recommendation of their own
GP and confirmed by a consultant employed by the Hospital. On admission, the personal details of
every patient are recorded. A separate register is to be held to store the information of the tests
undertaken and the results of a prescribed treatment. A number of tests may be conducted for each
patient. Each patient is assigned to one leading consultant but may be examined by another doctor, if
required. Doctors are specialists in some branch of medicine and may be leading consultants for a
number of patients, not necessarily form the same ward.

(b) What do you mean by "Ternary relationship"?

(c) Explain the difference between Candidate key, Super key and Foreign key.

10. a) Consider insertion sequence:

8, 5, 1, 7, 3, 12, 9, 6, 20, 13. Construct B+ tree.

(b) Explain conflict and view serializability with example

(c) Explain Multi-value functional dependency.

11. Write short notes on the following: (Any Three)

a) Security features in DBMS.

b) Meta data.

c) Deadlock in transaction.

d) Partial functional dependency and non-transitive dependency.

e) Armstrong's axioms.

Question Set 3
GROUP-A

(Multiple Choice Type Questions)

1. Answer any ten from the following, choosing the correct alternative of each question:

(i) The collection of information stored in a database at a particular moment is called as

a) schema

b) instance of the database

c) data domain

d) independence

(ii) Cartesian Product in relational algebra is

a) Unary operator

b) Binary operator

c) Ternary operator

d) Not defined

(iii) Which of the following operation is only certain columns of a table ? we are interested in

a) PROJECTION

b) SELECTION

c) UNION

D) JOIN

(iv) Which of the following is functional dependency?

a) X →Y

b) Y→X

c) XY→Y

d) XY→Z

(v) A characteristic entity. P

a) Relation

b) Attribute

c) Parameter

d) Constraint
(vi) If X--> YZ then X --> Y and X --> Z is

a) Composition Rule

b) Reflexivity Rule

c) Union Rule

d) Decomposition Rule

(vii)A table on the many sides of a one to many or many to many relationships must:

a) Be in Second Normal Form (2NF)

b) Be in Third Normal Form (3NF)

c) Have a single attribute key

d) Have a composite key

(viii) The main task carried out in the is to remove repeating attributes to separate tables.

a) First Normal Form

b) Second Normal Form

c) Third Normal Form

d) Fourth Normal Form

(ix) A table can have only one

a) Primary Key

b) Candidate Key

c) Super Key

d) All of these

(X) Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation, deleting relations and
relating schemas?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)

b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)

c) Query

d) Relational Schema

(xi) Referential intrigity is used for

a) query optimization

b) primary key

c) foreign key

d) none of these
(xii) Advantage of locking protocol

a) Deadlock handling

b) Consistency

c) Concurrency

d) none of these

GROUP-B

(Short Answer Type Questions)

(Answer any three of the following)

2.a) Explain ACID properties in transaction.

b) Why it is necessary?

3. All candidate keys are superkeys but all superkeys are not candidate key. Justify it with suitable
example.

4. a) What do you mean by transitive dependency?

b) Explain 2 NF with example.

5. Explain three level architecture of DBMS.

6. a) Define single valued and multi valued attribute?

b) Using relational algebra write down the query that finds customers, who have a balance of over
1000 from the relation Borrower.

GROUP-C

7.a) What do you mean by "degree of relationship"? Explain with example.

b) Draw the E-R diagram of the following:

A General Hospital consists of a number of specialized wards (such as Maternity, Paediatry, Oncology,
etc). Each ward hosts a number of patients, who were admitted on the recommendation. of their
own and confirmed by a consultant employed by the Hospital. On admission, the personal details of
every patient are recorded A separate register is to be held to store the information of the tests
undertaken and the results of a prescribed treatment. A number of tests may be conducted for each
patient. Each patient is assigned to one leading consultant but may be examined by another doctor, if
required. Doctors are specialists in some branch of medicine and may be leading consultants for a
number of patients, not necessarily form the same ward.

8.a) Define BCNF. Why BCNF is stronger than 3NF?

b) Consider the following relations:

EMPLOYEE (emp_id, emp_name, emp-na street, city)

WORKS (emp_id, emp_name, company_name, salary)

COMPANY (company_name, city)

MANAGES (emp_name, manager_name)

Write down the following queries in relational algebra based on above relations.

i) Find the names of all employees who work for "Juniper Enterprise"

ii) Find the names, streets and cities of all employees who work for the "Mykart Logistics" and earn
more than 450000 per year.

iii) Find the names of all employees who live in the same city as the company for which they work.

iv) Find the number of employees working in each company.

v) Find the maximum, minimum and average salary for each company.

9.a) Define transaction. Describe with proper state transition diagram.

b) Explain the 2 Phase locking protocol. What is the benefit of two- phase locking protocol?

c) What is deadlock in transaction? Explain with an example.

10.a) What are Armstrong axioms? Explain.

b) ConsiderR={A,B,C,D,E} and the functional dependencies are like

F={A→BC, CD→E, B→D, E→A}

Find out the candidate keys.

c) What do you mean by indexing. Why indexing is used?

11. Short Note: (Any three)

a) Functional dependencies and Multivalued dependency

b) DKNF

c) Deadlock prevention

d) Metadata

e) Serializable Schedule
 Question Set 4

GROUP-A

1. Answer any ten from the following, choosing the correct alternative of each question:

(i) In the relational modes, cardinality is termed as

a) Number of tuples

b) Number of attributes

c) Number of tables

d) Number of constraints

(ii) Cartesian Product in relational algebra is

a) Unary operator

b) Binary operator

c) Ternary operator

d) Not defined

(iii) Which of the following operation is used if we are interested

in only certain columns of a table?

a) PROJECTION

b) SELECTION

c) UNION

d) JOIN

(iv) For R (J. K. L) F = (JK->L, L-> K) the candidate keys are

a) Jand K

b) JK

c) Only J

d) JK and JL

(v) Which of the following is a trivial functional dependency?

a) X→ Y
b) Y →X

c) XY →Y

d) XY →Z

(vi) Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation, deleting relations?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Language)

b) DDL(Data Definition Language)

c) Query

d) Relational Schema

(vii) Which of the following statements is true?

a) An equi-join is a theta join

b) A natural join is a equi-join

c) A natural join is a theta join

d) All of the above

(viii) A characteristic of an entity is

a) Relation

b) Attribute

c) Parameter

d) Constraint

(ix) If the state of the database no longer reflects a real state of the world that the database is
supposed to capture, then such a state is called

a) Consistent state

b) Parallel state

c) Atomic state

d) Inconsistent state

(x) In case of entity integrity. the primary key may be

a) Null

b) Not Null

c) both Null & not Null

d) Any Value

(xi) When the transaction finishes the final statement the transaction enters into

a) Active state
b) Committed state

c) Partially committed state

d) Abort state

(xii) Using relational algebra the query that finds customers, who have a balance of over 1000 is

a) Customer name(balance > 1000 (Deposit))

b) customet name( balance >= 1000 (Deposit))

C) Customer name(balaner 1000 (Borrow))

d) Customer nenie(t balance 1000 (Borrow))

GROUP-B

(Answer any three of the following)

2.(a) What is data independence?

(b) Explain various types of data model.

3. Explain generalization, specialization and aggregation.

4. Explain the following terms: a) Functional dependency b) Prime and Non prime attribute.

5. Explain different states of transaction.

6. (a) What is locking?

(b) What is two-phase locking protocol?

GROUP-C

(Long Answer Type Questions) (Answer any three of the following)

7.(a) Explain three level architecture of DBMS

(b) What are the differences between weak entity and strong entity?

(c) Design a database for a college. Many students seek admission in the college. The college has a
number of departments and students can be enrolled to these departments. The department also
offers a number of courses to the students, each with a different duration from the other. Each
department has its H.O.D and many teachers under him. The syllabus of each course is also defined.
Teachers are recruited by the college for teaching the said courses to the students. The teachers may
have different qualifications and experience. They may also teach different subjects if required. Each
student in the college has a unique ID. We need to store the names of the students studying in the
college, their residential address, date of birth. We also need to store information about the college
like the name, address, contact number. reference ID, departments of the college, name of the
H.O.D, number of teachers and students in the department. Also, the courses offered by the
departments, the syllabus, the duration and the course ID. We can also store information about the
teachers like their qualification, experience, name and subjects taught. Draw ER Diagram for this case
study.

8.(a) What is trivial and non-trivial functional dependency (FD)?

(b) Given a set of FDs for the relation schema R (A,B,C,D,E). The FDs are (BC->D, AC->BE, B->E).
Explain and find out the highest normal form of R.

(c) Consider a schema R(A,B,C,D) and functional dependencies A->B and C->D. Check whether the
decomposition of R into R1(AB) and R2(CD) is lossless and/or dependency preserving or not.

(d) Consider the following two transactions:

TI: Read (A); Read (B):

If A=0 then B:B+1; Write (B);

T2 Read (B); Read (A);

If B=0 then A:A+ 1; Write (A);

Add lock and unlock instructions to transactions T1 and T2, so they observe the two-phase locking
protocol.

Can the execution of these transactions result in a deadlock?

9. Write SQL statements for following:

Student( Enrno, name, courseld, emailld, cellno).

Course(courseld, course nm, duration)

i) Add a column city in student table.

ii) Find out list of students who have enrolled in "computer" course.

iii) List name of all courses with their duration.

iv) List name of all students start with 'a'!

v) List email Id and cell no of all mechanical engineering students.

10.(a) Consider the following two schedules. Check whether both of these schedules are conflict-
serializable? Explain why or why not.

S1: R1(X) R1(Y) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) W1(X)

S2: R1(X) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) RI(Y) W1(X)

(b) Illustrate 3NF and BCNF.

(c) Consider the relational database as given below and write down expressions in relational algebra
for the following queries.

Data_Master(data_id, item name, reorder level)

Data_Details (data_id, Supplier_id, Purchase date, Qty, Utcost)

i) Select supplier id where purchase date is 4th December, 2022),

ii) Select the minimum quantity sold.

iii) Select name of the item where supplier id is 'S00001'

11. Short Note: (Any three)

(a) Database languages

(b) Keys in DBMS

(c) Armstrong' axioms for FD's.

(d) Inner-Join and Outer-Join

(e) Advantages of DBMS

Question Set 5
Group A

(Multiple Choice Type Questions)

1. Answer any ten from the following, choosing the correct alternative of each question:
(i) In the relational modes, cardinality is termed as:
a) Number of tuples
b) Number of tables
c) Number of attributes
d) Number of constraints

(ii) Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Language)

b) DDL(Data Definition Language)
c) Query
d) Relational Schema

(iii) _____ is used to permanently save the work.

a) Read

b) Write

c) Commit

d) Rollback

(iv) If the state of the database no longer reflects a real state of the world hat the database is
supposed to capture, then such a state is called

a) Consistent state
b) Parallel state
c) Atomic state
d) Inconsistent state

(v) Consider the relation R(A, B, C, D, E, F, G) with following unctional dependencies: {A->BC, B->DG,
E->F}. Identify the Candidate Key.

a) A

b) AF

c) AD
d) AB

(vi) In 2-phase locking a transaction must

a) release all it locks at the same time

b) NOT obtain any new locks once it has started releasing locks

c) only obtain locks on items not used by any other transactions

d) ensure that deadlocks will never occur.

(vii) Which of the following is true?

a) A super key is always a candidate key

b) Every BCNF schema is also in 3NF

c) Generalization is a bottom-up design approach

d) None of these.

(viii) What is ACID in the context of database transactions?

a) A programming language

b) A security protocol

c) A set of properties ensuring reliable processing of database transactions

d) A data type

(ix) What is the purpose of the COMMIT statement in SQL?

a) To undo changes made in a transaction

b) To save the changes made in a transaction

c) To roll back a transaction

d) To delete records from a table

(x) Which of the following command is a type of Data Definition language command?

a) Create

b) Update

c) Delete

d) Merge

(xi) Serializability of concurrent transactions are ensured by

a) locking

b) time-stamping

c) occuring deadlock

d) serial in nature
(xii) DML is provided for

a) Description of logical structure of database

b) Addition of new structures in the database system

c) Manipulation & processing of database

d) Definition of physical structure of database system

GROUP-B

2. Consider the following two schedules. Check whether both of these schedule are conflict-
serializable? Explain why or why not.

S1: R1(X) R1(Y) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) W1(X)

S2: R1(X) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) R1(Y) W1(X)

3. Check the highest normal form for the relation R(A, B, C, D, E, F) where the following FDs
hold: {AB -> C, C->DE, E ->F, F ->A}.
4. Explain three schema architecture.
5. What is a multi-valued dependency? Explain with example.
6. write the answer in details.

(a) Describe different data users.

(b) Explain duties of Database Administrator.

Group C

(Long Answer Type Questions) (Answer any three of the following)

7. (a) Explain the ACID property of transaction.

(b) Explain the 2 Phase locking protocol. What benefit does strict two- phase locking provide? What
is the disadvantage of it?

(c) What is deadlock in transaction? How to detect deadlock in a system? Explain with diagram.

8. write answer in details.

(a) Define the following terms with proper example:

i) Trivial and non-trivial functional dependency

ii) Prime and Non-prime attribute

9. Given a set of FDs for the relation schema R (A, B, C, D, E). The FDs are (BC->D, AC->BE, B->A, A-
>D}. Explain and find out the highest normal form of R.

10. Consider a schema R(A,B,C,D, E) and functional dependencies AB->CD,A->E and C->D. Check
whether the decomposition of R into R1(ABC), R2(BCD) and R3(CDE) is lossless and/or dependency
preserving or not.
11. (a) Consider the following relations:

HOTEL (hotelno, name, address)

ROOM (roomno, hotelno, type, price_pn)

BOOKING (hotelno, guestno, dateform, dateto, roomno)

GUEST (guestno, name, address)

Where the underlined column names are primary keys

Write down expressions in relational algebra for the following queries:

i) list all the hotels which are situated in Kolkata.

ii) list all single rooms with a charge below Rs. 1000 per night.

iii) list the names of all guests who are going to stay at ITC Hotel from 25th December to 1st January.

iv) list the price per night and type of all rooms at Grand Hotel.

v) list all guests currently staying at Taj Hotel.

(b) What are the different types of outer join?

(c) What is safe expression in tuple relational calculus?

21. a) What is normalization? Describe the different types of anomalies in a relation.

b) Explain different normal forms with example.

22.(a) Design an ER diagram on database for a library system that needs to manage information
about books, authors, and library members.

(b)Identify and list the main entities in this library system.

(c) Define the relationships between these entities, indicating the cardinality and participation
constraints.

(d) Specify attributes for each entity, taking into consideration key attributes.

(e)Draw an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram that accurately represents the database design based on
your analysis in steps 1-3.

Consider entities such as Book, Author, Member, and relationships such as Authorship, Borrow, etc.
Include attributes like ISBN for books, AuthorID for authors, and MemberID for library members.

Ensure that your ER diagram is clear, and relationships are appropriately represented.
 Question Set 6
Q.1 Differentiate between weak entity and strong entity.

Q.2 What is data independence?

Q.3 Explain various types of data model.

Q.4 What is Multivalued Dependency?

Q.5 Explain Insertion, Deletion, Modification anomalies.

Q.6 Explain generalization, specialization and aggregation.

Q.7 Explain the following terms: a) Functional dependency b) Prime and Non-prime attribute.

Q.8 Draw an E-R diagram of Railway Reservation system.

Q.9 What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?

Q.10 Describe recursive relationship with example.

Q.11 Explain cardinality ratio with example.

Q.12 Define BCNF. Why it is stronger than 3NF.

Q.13 Explain about Loss less-join dependency?

Q.14 Define Instances and schemas of database?

Q.15 Define Armstrong axioms for FD’s?

Q.16 What is locking?

Q.17 What is two phase locking protocol?

Q.18 Illustrate the properties of transaction.

Q.19 Explain deletion and search operation in B+ trees?

Q.20 Explain about Loss less-join dependency?

Q.21 Explain trivial and Non trivial functional dependency with example.

Q.22 What is the difference between a shared lock and exclusive lock?

Q.23 What are the unary operations in Relational Algebra?

Q.24 Define the term data redundancy and data consistency.

Q.25 With an example show how a referential integrity can be implemented.

QUESTION Long Answer Type Questions
NO

Q.1 Explain generalization, specialization and aggregation.

Q.2 Describe different states of transaction.

Q.3 What is trivial and transitive functional dependency (FD)?

Q.4 Illustrate 3NF and BCNF.

Q.5 Describe different states of transaction.

Q.6 Consider the relational database as given below and write down expressions in
relational algebra for the following queries.

Data_Master(data_id, item name, reorder level)

Data_Details (data_id, Supplier_id, Purchase_date, Qty, Utcost)

i) Select supplier id where purchase date is 4th December, 2022)

ii) Select the minimum quantity sold.

iii) Select name of the item where supplier id is ‘S00001’

Q.7 Consider the following two schedules. Check whether both of these schedules
are conflict-serializable or not. Explain.

S1: R1(X) R1(Y) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) W1(X)

S2: R1(X) R2(X) R2(Y) W2(Y) R1(Y) W1(X)

Q.8 Given a set of FDs for the relation schema R (A,B,C,D,E). The FDs are {BC―>D,
AC―>BE, B―>E}. Explain and find out the highest normal form of R.

Q.9 Design a database for a college. Many students seek admission in the college.
The college has a number of departments and students can be enrolled to these
departments. The department also offers a number of courses to the students,
each with a different duration from the other. Each department has its H.O.D
and many teachers under him. The syllabus of each course is also defined.
Teachers are recruited by the college for teaching the said courses to the
students. The teachers may have different qualifications and experience. They
may also teach different subjects if required. Each student in the college has a
unique ID. We need to store the names of the students studying in the college,
their residential address, date of birth. We also need to store information about
the college like the name, address, contact number, reference ID, departments
of the college, name of the H.O.D, number of teachers and students in the
department. Also, the courses offered by the departments, the syllabus, the
 duration and the course ID. We can also store information about the teachers
like their qualification, experience, name and subjects taught.

Draw ER Diagram for this case study.

Q.10 Explain three level architecture of DBMS.

Q.11 Create a B+ tree (of order-3) with the following keys 8, 5 , 1, 7, 3, 12, 9, 6 And
now delete 12, 5

Q.12 Explain the difference between Primary index & secondary index.

Q.13 What is Blocking factor? What is block anchor?

Q.14 With proper example explain how recovery in a database system can be done
using LOG files when the following techniques are used

i) Immediate update technique ii) Deferred update technique

Q.15 Explain Entity Relationship Model. What do you mean by serializability of

transactions?

Q.16 Short note : (a) Data Models (b) Foreign key (c) Aggregate functions (d) Ordered
indexing and hashing (e) Wait/Die and Wound/Wait deadlock protocols (f)
Database languages (g) Armstrong’ axioms for FD’s.(h) Inner Join and Outer Join

(i) DBA(j) SQL joins(k) Keys in DBMS (l) Users in DBMS

Q.17 Explain about Selection, Projection, Rename, division and Cartesian product
operations in relational algebra? 7. Discuss about Domain Relational Calculus?
Write and explain a query in DRC to Find the names of sailors who have reserved
boat 103.

Q.18 Determine the closer of the following set of functional dependencies for a
relational scheme R(A,B,C,D) and FDs {AB → C, C → D, D → A}. List out the
candidate keys of R.

Determine the closer of the following set of functional dependencies for a

relational scheme R(A,B,C,D) and FDs {AB → C, C → D, D → A}. List out the
candidate keys of R.

Q.19 Explain about Aggregate operators in sql with examples? 2. Discuss correlated
nested queries? Explain about Selection, Projection, Rename, division and
Cartesian product operations in relational algebra?

Q.20 What is a Phantom deadlock? What is a checkpoint and when does it occur?

Differentiate between Clustered and non-Clustered indexes.