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PLSQL 8

The document is a digital assignment for the Database Systems Lab course BCSE302P, submitted by Yuvraj Kr at VIT, Vellore. It contains various PL/SQL code examples demonstrating fundamental programming concepts such as variable declaration, control structures, arithmetic operations, and data manipulation. The assignment includes programs for calculating factorials, checking even or odd numbers, finding maximum values, string concatenation, and using loops and conditional statements.

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7 views22 pages

PLSQL 8

The document is a digital assignment for the Database Systems Lab course BCSE302P, submitted by Yuvraj Kr at VIT, Vellore. It contains various PL/SQL code examples demonstrating fundamental programming concepts such as variable declaration, control structures, arithmetic operations, and data manipulation. The assignment includes programs for calculating factorials, checking even or odd numbers, finding maximum values, string concatenation, and using loops and conditional statements.

Uploaded by

whytujay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Systems Lab

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT-8

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course

BCSE302P
FALL SEM 2024-25

Submitted
by
22BCE2394
Yuvraj Kr

Under Faculty-

SRIDEVI S

VIT, Vellore

Vellore – 632014, Tamil Nadu, India


September 2024
PL/SQL
EXAMPLE CODE:
DECLARE
v_message VARCHAR2(100); -- Declare a variable to hold the message
BEGIN
v_message := 'Hello, PL/SQL!'; -- Assign a value to the variable
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_message); -- Output the message
END;
/
OUTPUT

1.Program to calculate factorial:


DECLARE
v_number NUMBER := 5; -- Input number
v_factorial NUMBER := 1; -- Variable to hold factorial
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..v_number LOOP
v_factorial := v_factorial * i; -- Calculate factorial
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Factorial of ' || v_number || ' is ' || v_factorial);
END;
/
OUTPUT

2.Program to check even or odd


DECLARE
v_number NUMBER := 10; -- Input number
BEGIN
IF MOD(v_number, 2) = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_number || ' is Even.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_number || ' is Odd.');
END IF;
END;
/
OUTPUT

3.Program to find maximum of 2 numbers


DECLARE
v_num1 NUMBER := 15; -- First number
v_num2 NUMBER := 20; -- Second number
v_max NUMBER; -- Variable to hold maximum
BEGIN
IF v_num1 > v_num2 THEN
v_max := v_num1; -- Assign v_num1 to v_max if it's greater
ELSE
v_max := v_num2; -- Otherwise assign v_num2 to v_max
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum is ' || v_max); -- Output the
maximum
END;
/
OUTPUT

4. Program to Concatenate Strings


DECLARE
v_first_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'John';
v_last_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'Doe';
v_full_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
v_full_name := v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Full Name: ' || v_full_name);
END;
/
OUTPUT

5.Program to Count from 1 to 10


BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

6. Arithmetic Operators
DECLARE
num1 NUMBER := 10;
num2 NUMBER := 5;
sum NUMBER;
difference NUMBER;
product NUMBER;
quotient NUMBER;
BEGIN
sum := num1 + num2;
difference := num1 - num2;
product := num1 * num2;
quotient := num1 / num2;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum: ' || sum);


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Difference: ' || difference);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Product: ' || product);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quotient: ' || quotient);
END;
/
OUTPUT

7.Relational Operators
DECLARE
num1 NUMBER := 10;
num2 NUMBER := 5;
BEGIN
IF num1 > num2 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num1 || ' is greater than ' || num2);
ELSIF num1 < num2 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num1 || ' is less than ' || num2);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num1 || ' is equal to ' || num2);
END IF;
END;
/

OUTPUT

8. Logical Operators
DECLARE
age NUMBER := 20;
has_permission BOOLEAN := TRUE;
BEGIN
IF (age >= 18 AND has_permission) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Access granted.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Access denied.');
END IF;
END;
/

OUTPUT

9.Assignment Operators
DECLARE
total NUMBER := 0;
value NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
total := total + value; -- Using the += operator
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total: ' || total);
END;
/
OUTPUT

10.Using Operators in PL/SQL Collections


DECLARE
TYPE num_table IS TABLE OF NUMBER;
numbers num_table := num_table(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
total NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. numbers.COUNT LOOP
total := total + numbers(i);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total of collection: ' || total);
END;
/

OUTPUT
11. Creating a Table and Inserting Data
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
empId NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL,
dept VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (1, 'Clark', 'Sales');


INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (2, 'Dave', 'Accounting');
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (3, 'Ava', 'Sales');

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE dept = 'Sales';


OUTPUT

12.Conditional Statements (IF-THEN-ELSE)


DECLARE
num NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
IF num > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number is positive.');
ELSIF num < 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number is negative.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number is zero.');
END IF;
END;
/
OUTPUT

13.IF statement with Multiple Conditions


DECLARE
score NUMBER := 85;
grade CHAR(1);
BEGIN
IF score >= 90 THEN
grade := 'A';
ELSIF score >= 80 THEN
grade := 'B';
ELSIF score >= 70 THEN
grade := 'C';
ELSIF score >= 60 THEN
grade := 'D';
ELSE
grade := 'F';
END IF;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Score: ' || score || ', Grade: ' || grade);


END;
/
OUTPUT

14. CASE Statement


DECLARE
day NUMBER := 3; -- Assume 1-Sunday, 2-Monday, etc.
day_name VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
CASE day
WHEN 1 THEN day_name := 'Sunday';
WHEN 2 THEN day_name := 'Monday';
WHEN 3 THEN day_name := 'Tuesday';
WHEN 4 THEN day_name := 'Wednesday';
WHEN 5 THEN day_name := 'Thursday';
WHEN 6 THEN day_name := 'Friday';
WHEN 7 THEN day_name := 'Saturday';
ELSE day_name := 'Invalid day';
END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The day is: ' || day_name);
END;
/

OUTPUT

15.Nested IF Statement
DECLARE
salary NUMBER := 50000;
BEGIN
IF salary < 30000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is low.');
ELSIF salary >= 30000 AND salary < 60000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is moderate.');
IF salary < 45000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Consider asking for a raise.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You have a decent salary.');
END IF;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is high.');
END IF;
END;
/
OUTPUT

16. Using Conditions in Loops


DECLARE
sum_even NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
IF MOD(i, 2) = 0 THEN
sum_even := sum_even + i;
END IF;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum of even numbers from 1 to 10: ' ||
sum_even);
END;
/
OUTPUT

17. FOR Loop


BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number: ' || i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

18. WHILE Loop


DECLARE
i NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
WHILE i <= 20 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number: ' || i);
i := i + 1; -- Increment i
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

19.LOOP with EXIT Condition


DECLARE
i NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number: ' || i);
i := i + 1;
EXIT WHEN i > 5; -- Exit condition
END LOOP;
END;
/

OUTPUT

20. Nested Loops


DECLARE
i NUMBER;
j NUMBER;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..3 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i || ' * ' || j || ' = ' || (i*j));
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

21.Using CONTINUE Statement


BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
IF MOD(i, 2) = 0 THEN
CONTINUE; -- Skip even numbers
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Odd Number: ' || i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

22.Strings
DECLARE
name varchar2(20);
company varchar2(30);
introduction clob;
choice char(1);
BEGIN
name := 'John Smith';
company := 'Infotech';
introduction := 'Hello! I''m John Smith from Infotech.';
choice := 'Y';

dbms_output.put_line(name);
dbms_output.put_line(company);
dbms_output.put_line(introduction);
END;
/
OUTPUT

23.Arrays
DECLARE
TYPE namesarray IS VARRAY(5) OF VARCHAR2(10);
TYPE grades IS VARRAY(5) OF INTEGER;
names namesarray;
marks grades;
total integer;
BEGIN
names := namesarray('Kavita', 'Pritam', 'Ayan', 'Rishav', 'Aziz');
marks := grades(98, 97, 78, 87, 92);
total := names.count;
dbms_output.put_line('Total '|| total || ' Students');
FOR i in 1 .. total LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Student: ' || names(i) || ' Marks: ' || marks(i));
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT

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