1.

Descriptive statistics:
a. Are based on the principles of probability
b. Represent conventions for planning research
c. Represent conventions for summarizing and organizing data
d. Specify the selection of appropriate measurement scales.
2. A variable is:
a. A property which can take different values across different individuals
b. A property which can take different values within an individual
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
3. A representative sample
a. Consists of at least 500 cases
b. Must be a random sample
c. Is defined as the inverse of the sure root of the sample size
d. Reflects precisely the crucial dimensions of a population
4. In a patient records system, patients are assigned a unique identification number. These
numbers represent a(n):
a. Nominal scale
b. Ratio scale
c. Interval scale
d. Ordinal scale
Patient indicate their satisfaction with treatment by responding to a question with the following
options
i. Very satisfied
ii. Satisfied
iii. Very dissatisfied
iv. Dissatisfied
5. The above is an example of a(n):
a. Nominal scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Interval scale
d. Ordinal scale
6. If a curve is symmetrical:
a. Most of the scores fall at the higher values of the x axis
b. Most of the scores fall at the lower end of the x axis
c. Most of the scores fall at the higher end of the y axis
d. Most of the scores fall at the lower end of the y axis
e. If folded in half, the two sides of the curves will coincide
7. The percentile rank of a person’s score on a test is 35. This means that:
a. The person got 35% of the items correct
b. The person performed better than 65% of the sample during the test
c. The person’s score was equal too or better than 35% of the sample who did the
test
d. Both a and b
8. A continuous variable is different from a discrete variable in that a continuous variable:
a. Is measured on an interval scale not a ratio scale
 b. Can take an infinite number of intermediate possible values
c. Never uses decimal numbers
d. Never provides exact values
The total number of deaths reported in a hypothetical country for a given year was 120000. The
following lists deaths as a percentage of all deaths: (use this for questions 9-12)
Heart disease 35%
Cancer 25%
Cerebro-vascular disease 15%
Trauma 10%
Respiratory illness 5%
Infections 5%
Other causes 5%
9. The variable ‘cause of death’ is measured on a(n):
a. Nominal scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Interval scale
d. Ratio scale
10. The above data are compiled by asking hospitals, physicians, etc. to report deaths to a
central agency. This type of information collection can best be described as:
a. A survey
b. An experiment
c. A mathematical model
d. A field research
11. The number of people who died of either heart disease or cancer is:
a. 35000
b. 60000
c. 72000
d. 90000
12. Out of those who died of trauma, the male to female ratio was 2:1. How many females
died from trauma?
a. 4000
b. 8000
c. 12000
d. Insufficient information to calculate answer
Questions 13-16 refer to the following data:
2,2,3,4,6,6,7,9
13. ∑x is equal to
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. None of the above
14. (∑x)²is equal to:
a. 1240
b. 1521
c. 1310
d. 9000
15. The median is equal to
a. 6
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3
16. The range for the above set of scores is:
a. 7
b. 5
c. 2
d. 1
17. The more dispersed or spread out, a set of score is:
a. The greater the difference between the mean and the median
b. The greater the value of the mode
c. The grater the standard deviation
d. The similar the interquartile range
18. The mean height of a student group is 167cm. assuming height is normally distributed, it
can be deduced that:
a. Approximately half of all students are taller than 167cm
b. Being a student stunts your growth
c. Approximately half of all students are shorter than 167cm
d. All of a and c
A nurse recorded the number of analgesic preparations taken by patients in a surgical
ward. The resulting data were: 5,2,8,2,3,2,4,12. Questions 19-23 refer to this data
19. The mode for the distribution is:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 8
d. There is no mode
20. The median is
a. 2.00
b. 3.50
c. 3.00
d. 3.25
21. The mean is:
a. 3.25
b. 5.43
c. 4.75
d. 4.15
22. The range is:
a. 9
b. 10
c. 12
d. 2
23. The standard deviation is:
a. 3.02
b. 5.81
 c. 2.28
d. 3.58
Questions 24-26 refer to this data 3,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,10,38,60.
24. The median is
a. 7.0
b. 7.5
c. 8.0
d. 3 or 9
25. The first quartile (Q1) is:
a. 4.5
b. 5.5
c. 8.0
d. 9.5
26. The third quartile (Q3)is:
a. 4.5
b. 6.0
c. 7.5
d. 9.5
A group of patients has a mean weight of 80kg, with a standard deviation of 10kg. Questions6
27-28 refer to this data
27. What is the standard score for a patient whose weight is 50kg?
a. Z=+3
b. Z=+2
c. Z=-2
d. Z=-3
28. You are told that a patient’s weight is two standard deviations below the mean what is his
weight?
a. 60kg
b. 55kg
c. 50kg
d. 45kg
29. The mean age of a population is known to be 31 years. A small randomly selected sample
of Canadians is found to have a mean age of 32. This discrepancy is an example of:
a. A sampling error
b. A measurement error
c. A problem in ecological validity
d. Failure to control for the effects of maturation
At a large maternity hospital the following hypothetical data were compiled concerning
the birth
A test of reaction times has a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 4 in the normal
adult population with a normal distribution. Answer questions 30-32 with this
information
30. If a person scores 8, the person’s z score is:
a. 2
b. -2
c. -0.5
 d. -1
31. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will score greater than 6 on
this test
a. 0.4987
b. 0.3413
c. 0.8413
d. 0.6587
32. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will score between 8 and 14
on this test?
a. 0.1498
b. 0.5328
c. 0.6816
d. 0.4671
33. Hypothesis are unproven theories (TRUE/FALSE)
34. A sample is a subset of the data (TRUE/FALSE)
35. A sample is said to be random when it is not representative of the population
(TRUE/FALSE)
36. A random sample is one in which 50% of the elements of a population have equal
chances of being sampled. (TRUE/FALSE)
37. Stratified random sampling involves the selection of the most accessible elements of the
population. (TRUE/FALSE)
38. An interval scale has an absolute zero (TRUE/FALSE)
39. Ordinal measures involve rank-ordering the values of a variable (TRUE/FALSE)
40. The variable ‘low sugar level’ could be measured on either an ordinal or ratio scale
(TRUE/FALSE)
SECTION B ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. A researcher has collected data concerning the amount of time in seconds that it took a
group of brain damaged subjects to complete a standard motor task. The data is shown
below in a grouped frequency distribution.

Class interval (time in seconds) Frequency

12-14 1
15-17 1
18-20 1
21-23 2
24-27 4
28-30 10
31-33 3
a. From the above data deduce the following
i. The mode
ii. The median
iii. The mean
iv. Standard deviation
b. What scale of measurement is used for the variable above?
2. The table below shows scores of some subjects in two different measures ‘X’ and ‘Y’,

SUBJECTS X Y
1 2 1
2 5 6
3 7 9
4 3 2
5 10 8
6 1 3

a. Using the pearson’s correlation (r) determine the relationship between the two variables
X and Y
b. Draw a scattergram to illustrate the correlation between the variables

3. Use a histogram to present the data in the table below.

Scores Frequency
50-59 2
60-69 3
70-79 20
80-89 15
90-99 10