ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

MODULE NO.: 1
TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
WRITER: AR. JAHARA N. CUERDO, UAP

Opening Prayer:

A STUDENT'S PRAYER (by St. Thomas Aquinas)

Come, Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom!
Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which
covers me, that of sin and of ignorance.
Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and
ease in learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace in expressing
myself.
Guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress, and bring it to successful
completion.
This I ask through Jesus Christ, true God and true man, living and reigning with
You and the Father,
forever and ever.
Amen.

Welcome to Engineering Drawings and Plans Course. This Course that is outlined to
introduce what is Engineering Drawings and Plans is all about. This material will serve as
your guide to effectively exploring and finishing the course. This material outlines all
information and requirements that you need to complete the course.
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COURSE CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES: ESTIMATE TIME

At the end of the course, I should be able to:
 Introduction to the design process  To explain how to use the different kinds of 3 hrs.
• Drawing instrument & their use drawing tools and instruments.
• Types of lines & letters  To differentiate between an engineering
• Scales drawing from the architectural drawing.
• Dimensions & their types  To draw the different types of lines and to
• Planning of a sheet know what represents in the engineering
• Types of Engineering Drawings drawing.
• Geometric Construction &  To make the proper drawing layout.
Engineering Curves, Parabola, Ellipse &  To apply the proper size of the drawing as to
Hyperbola the size of the paper.
 To illustrate the drawing proportion.
 Professional Roles  Explain the professional role of the engineer 3 hrs.
and the significance of his drawing as a
document & record in the implementation of
the project.
Focus question:
What are the instruments used for engineering draws and plans?
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Written Participation No. 1 – Questions for Aspiring Engineers:

1. What is Engineering for you? (NOTE: Please use your own words and not definition/s from any books [hardcopy or pdf version] & references.)

2. What is Engineering Drawings? (NOTE: Please use your own words and not definition/s from any books [hardcopy or pdf version] & references.)

3. What are the engineering drawing tools and equipment used?

NOTE: Before you read your module#1 on the next page, watch the video about Introduction of Engineering Drawings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=z4xZmBpXIzQ
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What is Engineering Drawings?

Engineering drawings (also sometimes known as blueprints, manufacturing blueprints, prints, manufacturing prints, dimensional prints, drawings, mechanical
drawings, and more) are a rich and specific outline that shows all the information and requirements needed to manufacture an item or product. (Source: Google)

Importance of Engineering Drawing

Drawing plays vital role in the engineering and construction works. The drawing requires no language any one can read it. So, drawings of other countries
structures can also be studied easily. The drawing improves the imagination and new inventions can be developed. The estimate for the project can be done
using the details provided in the drawing. The structure can be analyzed completely before construction by using drawing. So, every engineering construction
department especially civil engineering requires drawing to start a project.

THE ENGINEERING DRAWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

o Pens and Pencils (Graphite Pencils, Mechanical Pencils, Technical Pen)
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o Straight Edges (T-Square, 30⁰x60⁰ & 45⁰x45⁰ Triangle or Set Squares, Furniture Templates, Triangular Scale, Compass, French Curves, Clinograph)
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o Drawing Aids (Eraser, Erasing Shield)

o Important Drawing Tools & Materials: (Drawing Table, Drawing Papers/Sheets and the like)
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Assignment No.1: Define each the pictures of engineering drawing tools and equipment above. Put it on 8x11” bond paper with their pictures.
Your written discussion will put on short bond paper with a font size 12, Arial Narrow Font Style, Line Spacing: 1.0 and 1” Page Layout Margin.
The pictures on the instruction below is the format of the upper left side of your assignment.
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Different Types of Lines and their Applications

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Line Description Definition

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The continuous thick line is used to show visible outlines or edges of a component or
assembly. This line may be made thin if the drawing is congested and allot of lines are so
Continuous Thick close to each other that the clarity of the drawing is negatively influenced.
Line

The continuous thin line is the most frequently used line type on Engineering Drawings.
These lines are solid and has no break in them. Here is the list of cases where the
continuous thin line will be used:

 Imaginary lines of intersection

 Dimension line
 Projection lines
 Leader lines
 Hatching
 Outlines of revolved sections
 Short center lines (as opposed to the chain line)
 Bending lines
Continuous Thin Line

Continuous Thin Freehand Line

Freehand lines show breaks or cuts in parts or assemblies . The edge of the partial or
Continuous Thin interrupted view is indicated with a freehand line.
Freehand Line
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The Continuous Thin Zigzag Line shows a break line. If a part needs to be shortened with a
break for ease of visibility, a break can be made using this line. *Remember, any
Continuous Thin dimensions spanning over the break needs to have a dimension break indicated on the
Zigzag Line dimension line also.

The Dashed Line is used to indicate hidden details like hidden outlines and hidden edges .
The dashed line may be either thick or thin, but only one type (thick or thin) should be used
Thick or Thin Dashed on a single drawing or set of drawings.
Line

The Thin Chain Line is used to indicate center lines, the lines of symmetry and also
trajectories. Often this line is used as a point of reference on engineering drawings.

Thin Chain Line

Sectional cutting planes are indicated with a Thin Chain Line with Thick ends. This helps to
identify the plane in which the part or assembly is cut. If the cut line is on more than one
Thin Chain Line with plane, the change in direction should also be indicated with thicker ends.
Thick ends

A Thick Chain Line is used to indicate special requirements on a surface . This line does not
form part of the geometry of the part, but is rather used to identify the surface

Thick Chain Line

The Thin Chain Double Dashed Line is used to show adjacent components . This is
especially useful when the component has a reference to the existing components.
Thin Chain Double It is also used to show alternative or extreme positions . On drawings where bends are
Dashed Line indicated, these lines are used to show the initial outlines before forming or bending.
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One can also use this line to indicate parts or components situated in front of the cutting
plane, to give reference to the part shown.

In Closing …

In Engineering Drawings, a line is not just a line. The different lines have meaning to them. The above mentioned line types are according to the requirements of ISO
standards (and many other national standards).

Source: https://engineeringdrawingbasics.com/different-line-types-used-on-engineering-drawings/

KINDS OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

ISOMETRIC DRAWING is a form of 3D drawing,
which is set out using 30-
degree angles. It is a type
of axonometric drawing so
the same scale is used for
every axis, resulting in a
non-distorted image
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ORTHOGRAPHIC OR is one that shows two or

MULTIVIEW DRAWING more two-dimensional
views of a three-
dimensional object. with
dimensions, multiview
drawings serve as the
main form of
communication between
designers and
manufacturers. ...
Orthographic projection is
a technique that is used to
create multiview drawings.

DIMENSIONING is the process of

specifying part' s
information by using of
lines, number, symbols
and notes.
1. Lines to be used
are always thin
continuous line.
2. Symbol or
abbreviation
commonly found
in a drawing are -
“ diameter ” is
represented by a
symbol “   ”.
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SECTIONING The process of sketching

the internal configuration
of an object by showing it
cut apart

DRAWING TOOLS To prepare a drawing, one

can use manual drafting
instruments or computer-
aided drafting or design,
or CAD. The basic
drawing standards and
conventions are the same
regardless of what design
tool you use to make the
drawings. In learning
drafting, we will approach
it from the perspective of
manual drafting. If the
drawing is made without
either instruments or
CAD, it is called a
freehand sketch.
ASSEMBLY Is a presentation of a
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DRAWINGS structure or product with

its components connected
together, in their relative
working positions while in
use. These components
are fabricated separately,
and are assembled or
installed together at their
utility sites such that each
part fits and matches with
the others.
CROSS-SECTIONAL A cross-sectional view
VIEWS portrays a cut-away
portion of the object and is
another way to show
hidden components in a
device.
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HALF-SECTIONS is a view of an object

showing one-half of the
view in section

READ MORE
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mechanical-engineering/2-007-design-and-manufacturing-i-spring-2009/related-resources/drawing_and_sketching/
https://www.creativebloq.com/features/isometric-drawing
https://www.npsk12.com/cms/lib/VA02208074/Centricity/Domain/5750/Beddows%20WP3%20Tech%20Draw%20Workbook%20Section%20Views
%2014%20pages.pdf
https://www.ispatguru.com/technical-drawings-and-their-types/

Geometric Construction & Engineering Curves, Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola

Seatwork No. 1
Let us now watch another video about Engineering Curves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXP3tKedM5g
Other reference/s to read further: http://www.it.griet.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/I-_UNIT-_CURVES.pdf
After watching the video and read the other reference, enumerate and define the different kinds of engineering curves.
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Format: Same as the Assignment No. 1.

Assignment No. 2
So let us now watch another video about the professional role of an engineer – Structural Engineer – Roles and Responsibilities in Civil Engineering -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eVcHprOyto
After watching this video, enumerate and explain the professional roles and responsibilities of an engineer – Structural Engineer.
Format: Same as the Assignment No. 1.

Plate No. 1 –
Geometric Constructions
Instructions:
1. Copy the plate format using different
Line weights with Drawing Tools and
Equipment.
2. Plates should be done on a 3 pcs. of A3
size paper using the right material.
3. Do not cheat. Do a short time lapse
video doing your work and a selfie. Do
not let anyone do your work.
4. Sent it the assigned google classroom
with a final output (picture of your work)
on or before the deadline.
5. Make your plate neat and mechanical
drawing.
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6. For the Construction Notes, use short bond paper to copy it with hand-written .
7. For further instructions and questions, you can message and text me with the assigned time and schedule at the end of this module.

Here’s the given Figures that you should make it and its construction notes:
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Suggested Reference for your Plate No. 1:

Youtube Channel – Arthur Geometry
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RUBRIC
Criteria Outstanding Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Fair AVERAGE/CRITERIA
16 – 20% 11 – 15% 6 – 10% 0 – 5%
Project Size/Completeness The drawing is quite The drawing is a little The drawing is not The drawing is not
detailed/complex. detailed/complex. detailed or intricate. detailed or intricate.
There are no missing There are a few Some lines, Some lines,
lines, measurements, missing lines, measurements, or other measurements, or
or other drafting dimensions, or other drafting aspects are other drafting aspects
aspects in the drawing. drafting aspects in missing from the are missing from the
the drawing. drawing. drawing.
Line Quality Lines that are crisp, a few wavy lines, line Inconsistent lines, wavy Lines are not straight
clear, and constant wavers little off grid lines, and a dull pencil since no ruler or
(Object lines stand lines straight edge was
out) used.
Neatness There are no smudges a smear or two three or four eraser or 5 or more smudges or
or eraser marks. eraser marks smudge marks eraser markings
Accuracy There are no errors in One or two Three or four dimensions More than five
the drawing's dimensions are are incorrect. dimensions are
dimensions. incorrect. incorrect.
Title Block All information is Handwriting is a little Handwriting is sloppy or Handwriting is
present, and the sloppy, or one piece two bits of information illegible, and more
penmanship is neat of information is are missing. than three things are
and legible. missing. missing.
TOTAL AVERAGE
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RECOMMENDED LEARNING MATERIALS

Books:
 Architectural Graphics. Ching, Francis D. K. Latest Edition
 A First Course in Engineering Drawing. Rathnam, K. 2018
 Engineering Drawing with Worked Examples. Parker, M.A./ Pickup, F. Latest Edition
 Textbook of Engineering Drawing Second Edition. Reddy, K. Venkata. 2008

Internet-related services:
 Google
 Youtube
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QUOTE OF THE MODULE:

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Post-Assessment:
Question Yes With Help No Remarks
1. Are you able to understand the Engineering
Drawings and Plans?
2. Are you able to understand the uses of drawing
tools and equipment properly?
3. Are you able to identify and use the different line
types properly?
4. Are you able to make an engineering lettering ?

Module Evaluation:
Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Good Fair Need Improvement

COMMENTS AND REMARKS:

Closing Prayer:
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PRAYER AFTER STUDY

Almighty God, the Source of all wisdom and knowledge, I thank You profoundly for giving me the opportunity to study for this subject/course/field.
Thank You for allowing me to grow and mature in intellect through my studies.
As I momentarily end my study for today, help me to fully absorb and understand the new knowledge and learning that I have encountered. Help me
to sow and properly cultivate the seeds of learning so that I may be able to joyfully reap in the future its sweet fruits.
May you continue to grant me with the grace to never get tired of learning about Your creation. May my studies bring me closer to You and to the
Truth. May it open my eyes to the various manifestations of Your love for us.
May the knowledge that I have gained and I will further gain, allow me to serve You and Your people better. May it help me to be an agent of Your
peace and love in this world.
May I look forward to my next study session and to the continuation, in general, of my studies which I humbly offer and consecrate to You.
I ask all of these in the Name of Jesus Christ, the Fount of Every Blessing, and through the intercession of Mother Mary, the Seat of Wisdom.
AMEN
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Instructor’s Profile:
Here’s my brief information and contact information, please feel free to contact me if you have concern about this
course. I will be glad to help you. God Bless You!
NAME: AR. JAHARA N. CUERDO, UAP
OFFICE: University of Santo Tomas – Legazpi
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
POSITION: Faculty
CONTACT INFORMATION:
MOBILE NUMBER: 09153985816
EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT: Jahara N. Cuerdo (Official Account)
CONTACT TIME:
Time Day Type of Communication
8:00am – 5:00pm Monday - Friday Text, Email & Messenger Only
6:00pm – 10:00pm Monday - Friday Call, Text, Email & Messenger
9:00pm – 11:30pm Saturday Call, Text, Email & Messenger
*Face-to-face consultation is by appointment basis, please set appointment at least a day before your intended date of consultation. Health and Safety protocols will be
strictly implemented.
*Please text me and identify yourself, ask whether it’s a convenient time to call before you make a call.