MACHINE DRAWING AND SOLID MODELLING

LAB MANUAL (MEPC2201)

3rd Semester

VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT, BERHAMPUR
(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
 EXPERIMENT-1

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To know about basics of 2D and 3D machine drawing using in AUTOCAD software.

OBJECTIVE:

Understanding the standard drafting principles in the CAD environment.

INTRODUCTION:

AutoCAD is three-dimensional CAD software used commercially across the world,

developed by Autodesk in 1982. AutoCAD is also available as a mobile and web
app marketed as AutoCAD 360. AutoCAD offers an exclusive range of commands
and functions for 3D and 2D modelling and drawing with an amazing set of
tools. 3D is all about the third Z coordinate. While working in 2D, the user
only cares for the X and Y axis, and most of the time, coordinates are not
used. Whereas, while working with 3D, the user uses all the coordinates,
making their work quite easier.

HOW TO LAUNCH THE PROGRRAM:

Start → Autodesk → AutoCAD

UNDERSTANDING THE USER INTERFACE:

AutoCAD 2021 includes a ribbon view with panels and tabs, just like its
predecessors. You may find an interface like this (it may vary).

(AutoCAD User Interface)

HOW TO START DRAWING:
To start with a 'Blank Drawing Template'

click on New Or, to start with a Template, click on the arrow with the New
option and choose the template

THE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR:

Click on one of the following icons for quick access to commands NEW, OPEN,
SAVE, PLOT, and UNDO/REDO.
Right-click the Quick Access toolbar and click Customize Quick
Access Toolbar. The Customize User Interface dialogue opens and
displays the list of commands available.
Drag commands you want to add from the command list pane in the
Customize User Interface dialogue box to the Quick Access toolbar.

RIBBON AREA:
AutoCAD includes a standard tabbed ribbon across the top of the drawing
area. You can access nearly all the commands presented in this guide
from the Home tab.

THE COMMAND WINDOW:

At the heart of AutoCAD is the Command window, which is normally
docked at the bottom of the application window. The Command window
displays prompts, options, and messages.

You can enter commands directly in the Command window instead of using
the ribbon, toolbars, and menus. Many long-time AutoCAD users prefer
this method.

BASIC FUNCTION KEYS:

F1 Help Window F3 Toggles Onsnap

F5 Toggles Isoplane F8 Toggles Orthomode
F7 Toggles Grid Line F10 Toggles Polar Tracking
BASIC MOUSE OPERATION:
Zoom: Scroll Button
Pan: Scroll button (Press)

BOX SELECTION:

It is also called a blue selection because the selection area looks blue in
colour. We need to move our cursor from left to right (L to R). The objects in
this selection need to be fully covered by the selection window. Otherwise,
the object will not be selected.

CROSS WINDOW SELECTION:

It is also called a green selection because the selection area looks
green in colour. We need to move our cursor from right to left (R to
L). The objects in this selection only need to be touched by the
selection line.

LASSO SELECTION:
The lasso selection is similar to the cross and box selection. We can select
objects in any shape. If we drag the pointer to the right, it will be the box
selection.

If we drag the pointer to the left, it will be the cross selection.

The image for such an example is given below:

DRAW RIBBON:
LINE: POLYLINE:

Creates single straight line A 2D Polyline connects the sequence of

segments as a single segment. With the
segments Keyboard Shortcuts: help of this command, one can draw Line
and or Arc segments in a single
'Line' or 'L' Click: icon segment.

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'PLINE'

Click: con
CIRCLE: ARC:

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'CIRCLE' or 'C' Used for Creating Arc Keyboard

Click: icons Shortcuts: 'ARC'

Click: icons

Different types of Circle

Command: 2 Point Circle:

➔ Specify the extreme two

points of the circle
Perimeter to make a circle.

3 Point Circle:

➔ Specify any 3 points of

a circle perimeter to
draw a circle

Tan Tan Radius Circle: POLYGON

➔ Pick: First Tangent Point Keyboard Shortcuts: 'POLYGON'

➔ Pick: Second Tangent Point
Click: icons
➔ Pick: First Radius First Point
➔ Pick: Radius Second Point

Tan Tan Tan Circle:

Pick: Three points simultaneously

of three lines as a tangent of the
circle
RECTANGLE: CONSTRUCTION LINE:

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'RECTANG'

With the construction lines
Click: icon feature, you can create
construction lines that extend to
infinity in one direction (rays)
or both directions (xlines).

Construction lines do not change

the extent of the drawing, so
their infinite dimensions do not
affect zooming or viewpoints. You
can move, rotate, and copy
construction lines the same way
you move and copy other objects.

ELLIPSE RAY:

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'ELLIPSE'

Create a line that starts
Click: icon at a point and continues to
infinity.

HATCH:

Click: icon

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'H' or 'HATCH'

Steps: Pick the Internal Points

Different types of Ellipse Command: Axis
Select the Hatch Parameters
End:

➔ Pick: Specify the starting point of ➔ Type

the Major axis diameter ➔ Scale
➔ Pick: Specify the endpoint of the ➔ Transpare
Major axis of the diameter ncy etc.
➔ Pick: Specify the Minor axis radius
Type: Enter
Elliptical Arc:
➔ Pick: Specify the starting point
of the Major axis diameter
➔ Pick: Specify the endpoint of the
Major axis of the diameter
➔ Pick: Specify the Minor axis radius
➔ Pick: specify the starting angle
➔ Pick: specify the end angle
GRADIENT:

Click: icon

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'GRADIENT'

Steps: Pick the Internal Points

Select the Gradient Parameters

➔ Type
➔ Colour
Settings
➔ Transparency
etc.

Type: Enter

MODIFY RIBBON:

MOVE: ROTATE:

Click: icon Click: icon

Steps: Pick: The Centre Point Keyboard Shortcuts: 'RO'

Enter: Type the number of sides of the Steps: Pick: Select the base
Polygon point of rotation

Select: Inscribed in Circle or Pick: Specify the angle of

Circumscribed in circle
rotation Type: Enter
Enter: Specify the Radius of the
circle

Press: Enter
TRIM: ROTATE:

Click: icon
Click: icon
Keyboard Shortcuts: 'FILLET' or 'F'
Keyboard Shortcuts: 'TR'
Steps: Fillet with Radius:
Steps: Pick: Select the reference object
about which the trim will be done Pick: Select the
Fillet
Pick: Click on the entities command or Type 'F'
which have to be trimmed
Pick: Radius button from the
Type: Esc to cancel the command line or type 'R'
operation
Type: The value of the radius
Or, Type: TR and press enter

Press: Double Enter Pick: Select the first object

or Line
Pick: Click on the entities
which have to be trimmed Pick: Select the second
object or Line
Type: Esc to cancel the operation
Fillet with Polyline:
This process is the same as
'Fillet with Radius' it makes the
Fillet of all corners of a
polyline object at the same time.

CHAMFER: EXPLODE:

Click: icon Click: icon

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'CHAMFER' or 'CHA' Keyboard Shortcuts: 'EXPLODE'

Steps: Chamfer with Distance: Steps: Pick: Select the objects

which have to stretch
Pick: Select the 'chamfer'
command or Type 'CHA' Pick: Select the base
point
Pick the Distance button
from the command line or type 'D' Move: Position the cursor according
to your need concerning the base
point
 Type: Specify the chamfer
distance from the first Line

Type: Specify the chamfer

distance from the second Line

Pick: Select the first

object or Line

Pick: Select the second object or Line

ARRAY: SCALE:

Click: icon Click: icon

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'SCALE' or 'SC'

Steps: Pick: Select the Scale option

or Type 'SC'

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'ARRAY' or 'AR' Pick: Select the

object and right-click
Steps: There are three different types of Array
options present in AutoCAD Pick: Select the base
point of the object
➔ Rectangular Array
Type: Enter the value
➔ Path Array of the scale factor
➔ Polar Array
Type: Enter
Example:

ERASE: OFFSET:

Click: icon Click: icon

Keyboard Shortcuts: 'ERASE' or 'E' Keyboard Shortcuts: 'OFFSET' or 'O’

Steps: Pick: Select the objects which have to Steps: Pick: Select the objects
stretch which have to stretch
Pick: Select the base point Pick: Select the base point
Move: Position the cursor according to your need Move: Position the cursor according
concerning your base point. to your need concerning your base
point.
Break: Join:

Click: icon Click: icon Keyboard

Keyboard Shortcuts: ‘BR’ or ‘BREAK’ Shortcuts: ‘JOIN’ Steps:

Steps: Break: Click on Join

Break the selected objects between Click: Select the First Entity Click:
two parts.
Select the second Entity
Click: Select the object Click:

Click on the breakpoint

Print:
Click: AutoCAD icon
Click: Print Arrow
Click: Plot

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + P

A window will appear as follows

 EXPERIMENT-2

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To develop skill using CAD software to create 2D and 3D models.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

CAD SOFTWARE

THEORY:

INTRODUCTION:

Computer Aided Drafting is a process of preparing a drawing of an object on

the screen of a computer. There are various types of drawings in different
fields of engineering and sciences. In the fields of mechanical or
aeronautical engineering, the drawings of machine components and the layouts
of them are prepared. In the field of civil engineering, plans and layouts of
the buildings are prepared. In the field of electrical engineering, the
layouts of power distribution system are prepared. In all fields of
engineering use of computer is made for drawing and drafting.

The use of CAD process provides enhanced graphics capabilities

which allows any designer to
 Conceptualize his ideas
 Modify the design very easily
 Perform animation
 Make design calculations Use colors, fonts and other aesthetic
features.

CAD SOFTWARES:

The software is an interpreter or translator which allows the

user to perform specific type of application or job related to CAD.
The following software’s are available for drafting.
1. AUTOCAD
2. Pro – E
3. CATIA
4. MS OFFICE
 5. PAINT
6. ANSYS
7. IDEAS
8. SOLID WORKS

The above software is used depending upon their application.

AUTO CAD:
AutoCAD is three-dimensional CAD software used commercially across the world,
developed by Autodesk in 1982. AutoCAD is also available as a mobile and web
app marketed as AutoCAD 360. AutoCAD offers an exclusive range of commands
and functions for 3D and 2D modelling and drawing with an amazing set of
tools. 3D is all about the third Z coordinate. While working in 2D, the user
only cares for the X and Y axis, and most of the time, coordinates are not
used. Whereas, while working with 3D, the user uses all the coordinates,
making their work quite easier.

HOW TO LAUNCH THE PROGRAMME:

Start → Autodes → AutoCAD (For Windows 10) or You may launch through
the desktop.

UNDERSTANDING THE USER INTERFACE:

AutoCAD 2021 includes a ribbon view with panels and tabs just like its
predecessors. You may find an interface like
 (AutoCAD User Interface)

PROCEDURE:
Open Auto CAD; Draw the Shape given in the Fig.

Add relations and Smart dimensions and make sure that the Sketch
is Fully constraint Change the dimensions according to Fig.

COMMANDS USED:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, View
DIAGRAM 01

DIAGRAM 02
RESULT:
The basic sketches were drawn using AutoCAD as shown in
Figures and the required parameters were added to modify the
dimensions at later stage if necessary.
 EXPERIMENT-3

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To Create a 2D model of Plummer block bearing by using standard AutoCAD

software.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:
Ram : 8 GB
Processor : Core 2 Quad / Core 2 Duo
Operating system : Windows 7
Software : Auto CAD
PROCEDURE:

 Set the units to mm.

 Using LIMITS Command set the limits to420,297.
 Using ZOOM Command fit the drawing to window.
 Draw the part using LINE command and extrude it using REGION, EXTRUDE
commands.
 Draw the front view, top view and side view using drawing commands.
 Detail the drawing as per dimensions.
RESULT:
Thus, the 2D model of Plummer block bearing is created by using standard CAD
software

OUTCOME:
From this experiment, students will be able to create the detailed drawings
which is used in automobile.

APPLICATION:
Research and Development, Automobile.
 EXPERIMENT-4

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To create a various parts of flange coupling and assembly them by

using standard AutoCAD and Pro-E software.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:
Ram : 8 GB
Processor : Core 2 Quad / Core 2 Duo
Operating system : Windows 7
Software : Pro-E Wildfire 4.0
DESCRIPTION:
Couplings are used to join two shafts so that they act as a single
unit during rotation and power can be transmitted from one shaft to
the other. The protected flanged coupling is a rigid shaft
coupling, the axes of the shafts being collinear. The flanges 2 and
3 are mounted at the ends of two shafts 1 by means of keys 5.
Later, the two flanges are connected to each other by means of
bolts with nuts 4. In this rigid coupling, the bolt heads and nuts
are locked in the annular recesses provided on the flange and so
are not exposed. Hence, the name protected flanged coupling.

COMMANDS USED:
Part diagram:
Extrude Sketch Sketch to dimension Ok
Hole Sketch Given dimension Ok
Revolve Sketch plane Sketches Centrelines
Sketch to dimension Ok Assembly
Assembly Set defaultAssembly according to alignment
Fully Constrained Ok
(Details of Flange Coupling)
RESULT:

Thus, the given various part of flange coupling had been created and
assembled by using standard CAD and Pro-E software.

OUTCOME:

Above this experiment, we have understood the assembly of given flange

coupling using standard CAD software.

APPLICATION:

Automobile industry, Transmission system

 EXPERIMENT-5

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To create various parts of universal coupling and assemble them by using

standard AutoCAD and Pro-E software.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:

Ram : 8 GB
Processor : Core 2 Quad / Core 2 Duo
Operating system : Windows 7
Software : Pro-E Wildfire 4.0

DESCRIPTION:

This is a rigid coupling and is used to connect two shafts, whose

axes intersect if extended. The given figure shows the details of
universal coupling. The forks 2 are mounted at the ends of two shafts
1, making use of sunk keys 6. The central block 3, having two arms at
right angle to each other, is placed between the forks and connected to
both of them by using pins 4 and collars 5. A taper pin is used to keep
the pins 4 in position. During rotation of shafts, the angle between
them can be varied.
Commands used:

Part diagram:

Extrude Sketch Sketch to dimension Ok

Hole Sketch Given dimension Ok

Revolve Sketch plane Sketches Centrelines

Sketch to dimension Ok Assembly

Assembly Set default Assembly according to alignment

Fully Constrained Ok
(Details of Universal Coupling)
RESULT:
Thus, the given various part of universal coupling had been created and
assembled by using standard CAD software Pro-E.

OUTCOME:
From this experiment, Students will be able to assemble the given universal
coupling using standard CAD software which is used in automobile

APPLICATION:
Automobile Industry and Transmission system.