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JavaScript

This document provides a collection of JavaScript interview questions and answers covering fundamental concepts such as the definition of JavaScript, differences between operators, closures, null vs undefined, the 'this' keyword, callback functions, and variable declarations with let and var. It also explains the use of the 'use strict' directive for stricter error handling. Each concept is illustrated with code examples for better understanding.

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shahnawazshaikh0015
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2 views

JavaScript

This document provides a collection of JavaScript interview questions and answers covering fundamental concepts such as the definition of JavaScript, differences between operators, closures, null vs undefined, the 'this' keyword, callback functions, and variable declarations with let and var. It also explains the use of the 'use strict' directive for stricter error handling. Each concept is illustrated with code examples for better understanding.

Uploaded by

shahnawazshaikh0015
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

### 1. What is JavaScript?

##### JavaScript is a high-level programming language that is often used in web


development to create interactive and dynamic websites. It is an object-oriented
language that supports a wide range of features such as functions, arrays, objects,
and loops.

### 2. What is the difference between == and === operators in JavaScript?

##### The '==' operator compares two values for equality, but it does not take into
account their data types. On the other hand, the '===' operator compares two values
for equality and also checks their data types.

```javascript
console.log(1 == '1'); // true
console.log(1 === '1'); // false
```

### 3. What are closures in JavaScript?

##### Closures are functions that have access to the variables defined in their
outer function, even after the outer function has returned. Closures are often used
to create private variables in JavaScript.

```javascript

function outerFunction() {
var outerVariable = 'I am outer';

function innerFunction() {
console.log(outerVariable);
}

return innerFunction;
}

var innerFunctionRef = outerFunction();


innerFunctionRef(); // Output: I am outer
```

### 4. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?

##### In JavaScript, 'null' is a value that represents the intentional absence of


any object value, whereas 'undefined' is a value that represents the absence of any
value.

```javascript
var variable1; // undefined
var variable2 = null; // null
```
### 5. What is the 'this' keyword in JavaScript?

##### The 'this' keyword in JavaScript refers to the object that is currently
executing the code. The value of 'this' can change depending on how a function is
called.

```javascript
var person = {
firstName: 'Md. Rumon',
lastName: 'Khan',
fullName: function() {
console.log(this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
};

person.fullName(); // Output: Md. Rumon Khan


```
### 6. What is a callback function in JavaScript?

##### A callback function is a function that is passed as an argument to another


function and is called when the parent function has finished executing. Callback
functions are often used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

```javascript
function fetchData(callback) {
// Simulate an asynchronous operation
setTimeout(function() {
var data = { name: 'Rumon', age: 21 };
callback(data);
}, 1000);
}

fetchData(function(data) {
console.log(data); // Output: { name: 'Rumon', age: 21 }
});
```
### 7. What is the difference between let and var in JavaScript?

##### The 'let' keyword was introduced in ES6 and is used to declare variables with
block scope. On the other hand, the 'var' keyword is used to declare variables with
function scope.

```javascript
if (true) {
var variable1 = 'I am var';
let variable2 = 'I am let';
}

console.log(variable1); // Output: I am var


console.log(variable2); // Throws ReferenceError: variable2 is not defined
```
### 8. What is the use of the 'use strict' directive in JavaScript?

##### The 'use strict' directive is used to enforce stricter parsing and error
handling in JavaScript. When used, it enables a stricter mode of execution and
disallows certain actions that are allowed in non-strict mode.

```javascript
'use strict';

x = 3.14; // Throws ReferenceError


```

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