Question,Answer

What is Jenkins?,"Jenkins is a self-contained, open-source automation server that

can be used to automate tasks related to building, testing, and delivering or
deploying software. It can be installed through native system packages, Docker, or
run standalone by any machine with a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed."
What should I refer to if I want to develop my own Jenkins plugins?,"If you want to
extend the functionality of Jenkins by developing your own plugins, you should
refer to the developer documentation."
What is the purpose of this Jenkins documentation?,"The purpose of this
documentation is to help users get up and running with Jenkins and introduce its
main feature, Pipeline. It also includes tutorials for developers who want to
orchestrate and automate building their projects in Jenkins using Pipeline and Blue
Ocean."
What is a good starting point for users who have never used Jenkins or have limited
experience with it?,Users who have never used Jenkins or have limited experience
should start with the Guided Tour and introductory tutorials.
Where can I find more detailed information about using Jenkins?,"For more detailed
information about using Jenkins, refer to the User Handbook."
How is Jenkins' functionality extended?,Jenkins' functionality can be extended
through the installation of plugins. There are a vast array of plugins available to
Jenkins.
"What is the basis of the documentation covered in the Guided Tour, Tutorials,
Solution pages, and User Handbook?","The documentation is based on a Jenkins
installation with the Blue Ocean plugins installed, as well as the ""suggested
plugins,"" which are specified during the Post-installation setup wizard."
What should you do if you want to get started with Jenkins quickly?,"To get started
with Jenkins quickly, follow the Guided Tour available in the documentation."
What are some key features introduced in the Guided Tour of Jenkins?,"The Guided
Tour introduces users to Jenkins' main feature, Pipeline, and helps them get up and
running with Jenkins."
What resources are available for developers wanting to orchestrate and automate
building their project in Jenkins?,Developers can refer to the tutorials geared
towards using Pipeline and Blue Ocean for orchestrating and automating their
projects in Jenkins.
"What is the purpose of the tutorial ""Build a Python app with PyInstaller""?",The
purpose of the tutorial is to show how to use Jenkins to orchestrate building a
simple Python application with PyInstaller.
Who is the intended audience for this tutorial?,The tutorial is intended for Python
developers who are new to CI/CD concepts or familiar with these concepts but need
guidance on implementing the build process using Jenkins.
"What does the ""add2vals"" command line tool do?","The ""add2vals"" tool outputs
the addition of two values. If at least one value is a string, it concatenates the
values as strings."
"What library does ""add2vals"" import and what functionality does it
provide?","""add2vals"" imports the ""calc"" library, which includes the ""add2""
function used for adding or concatenating values."
"How are unit tests for the ""add2"" function executed?","Unit tests for the
""add2"" function are executed using pytest, and the results are saved to a JUnit
XML report."
What does PyInstaller do in the context of this tutorial?,"PyInstaller converts the
""add2vals"" Python script into a standalone executable file for Linux, which can
be executed at the command line on Linux machines without Python."
How long does it take to complete the tutorial?,"The tutorial takes 20-40 minutes
to complete, depending on the speed of your machine and network."
What are the prerequisites for this tutorial?,"The prerequisites include having Git
installed locally and optionally GitHub Desktop. Additionally, having a Jenkins
instance ready is required."
"How do you obtain the ""add2vals"" application source code for this
tutorial?","You obtain the source code by forking the sample repository ""simple-
python-pyinstaller-app"" from GitHub into your GitHub account and then cloning it
locally."
How can you start the Jenkins instance required for this tutorial?,"You can start
the Jenkins instance by cloning the ""quickstart-tutorials"" repository from GitHub
and running the docker compose --profile python up -d command."
What should you do if you cannot install docker compose on your machine?,"If you
cannot install docker compose, you can run the example in the cloud using GitPod,
which is free for 50 hours per month."
How do you create a new Pipeline project in Jenkins for this tutorial?,"In Jenkins,
select ""New Item"", enter a project name, choose ""Pipeline"", and configure it to
use the ""Pipeline script from SCM"" option with your forked Git repository URL."
What is a Jenkinsfile and what role does it play in this tutorial?,"A Jenkinsfile
is a text file that defines a Jenkins Pipeline. It contains the code for automating
the build, test, and deliver stages of the Python application."
"What does the ""Build"" stage in the Jenkinsfile do?","The ""Build"" stage
compiles the Python application into byte code and stashes the compiled results for
later stages."
"What does the ""Test"" stage in the Jenkinsfile do?","The ""Test"" stage runs
pytest to execute unit tests on the ""calc"" library's add2 function and generates
a JUnit XML report."
"What does the ""Deliver"" stage in the Jenkinsfile do?","The ""Deliver"" stage
uses PyInstaller to bundle the ""add2vals"" script into a standalone executable and
archives this executable as a build artifact."
How can you run the standalone add2vals application on Linux?,"Download the
add2vals executable from Jenkins' ""Last Successful Artifacts"", make it executable
with chmod a+x add2vals, and run it with ./add2vals."
Where can you find more information about Jenkins and its capabilities?,"More
information about Jenkins can be found on the Jenkins documentation pages, the User
Handbook, and the Jenkins blog."
Who is this LabVIEW CI/CD tutorial intended for?**,"The tutorial is intended for
LabVIEW developers who are either new to CI/CD concepts or familiar with these
concepts but need guidance on implementing them using Jenkins for building their
LabVIEW applications.

**"
What are the prerequisites for completing this tutorial?**,"The prerequisites
include:
- A macOS, Linux, or Windows machine with at least 256 MB of RAM (2 GB recommended)
and 10 GB of drive space.
- Software installed:
- LabVIEW Professional Development System 2018+
- LabVIEW Unit Test Framework Toolkit
- UTF JUnit Report library (VI Package Manager)
- Python 3.6.3 or later (added to the system path)
- Git and optionally GitHub Desktop.

**"
How do you enable the LabVIEW Command Line Interface (LabVIEWCLI)?**,"To enable the
LabVIEWCLI:
1. Open LabVIEW.
2. Go to *Tools >> Options >> VI Server*.
3. Ensure the TCP/IP checkbox is enabled and leave the Port as 3363.

**"
What is the purpose of the Python `requests` library in this tutorial?**,"The
Python `requests` library is used by Jenkins to post results to GitHub. It needs to
be installed using the command: `pip install requests`.

**"
How do you create the necessary GitHub repositories for this tutorial?**,"To create
the repositories:
1. Log in to your GitHub account.
2. Click on the *New* button next to Repositories.
3. Fill out the Repository name and Description.
4. Click *Create repository*.
5. Repeat the steps to create three repositories: one for the build system, one for
the example application, and one for images used during the VI diffing step.

**"
What are the steps to clone a GitHub repository to your local machine?**,"To clone
a GitHub repository:
1. Open a terminal with Git (e.g., Git Bash on Windows).
2. Navigate to the desired local directory.
3. Run the command `git clone https://github.com/<Organization Name>/<Repository
Name>.git`.

**"
How do you configure Jenkins to use environment variables?**,"To configure Jenkins
environment variables:
1. Navigate to *Manage Jenkins >> System*.
2. In the *Global properties* section, check the *Environment variables* box.
3. Add the necessary variables such as BUILD_SYSTEM_REPO, LV_BUILD_OUTPUT_DIR,
ORG_NAME, and PIC_REPO with appropriate values.
4. Click *Save*.

**"
What is the purpose of creating a Personal Access Token on GitHub?**,"The Personal
Access Token is used by Jenkins to access GitHub repositories securely. It allows
Jenkins to perform actions such as cloning repositories and posting results without
using a username and password.

**"
How do you set up the Global Pipeline Library in Jenkins?**,"To set up the Global
Pipeline Library:
1. Navigate to *Manage Jenkins >> System*.
2. Under the *Global Pipeline Libraries* section, click *Add*.
3. Fill out the credentials for the repository containing the script files.
4. Check the *Load implicitly* checkbox.
5. Choose *Modern SCM* as the retrieval method and configure it to use the GitHub
repository with the necessary credentials.
6. Click *Save*.

**"
What are the steps to set up a Jenkins Pipeline to automate testing and diffing of
a LabVIEW project?**,"To set up the Jenkins Pipeline:
1. Create a new item in Jenkins as a *GitHub Organization*.
2. Configure the *Projects* section with the appropriate GitHub credentials and
owner.
3. Set the *Script Path* to Jenkinsfile.
4. Configure the *Scan Organization Triggers* with the desired interval.
5. Click *Save*.

**"
How do you confirm that the Jenkins setup works correctly with your LabVIEW
project?**,"To confirm the setup:
1. Create and checkout a new branch in your local Git repository.
2. Make changes to VIs in the `../myApplication` directory.
3. Push the changes to the branch on GitHub.
4. Create a Pull Request on GitHub.
5. Allow Jenkins to scan the repository and initiate the build process.
6. Check the Jenkins and GitHub interfaces to ensure that the build and test
processes completed successfully.
7. If successful, merge the Pull Request on GitHub."
What is the concept behind using Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub Actions?,Jenkinsfile
Runner GitHub Actions wrap around the Jenkinsfile Runner and other necessary
modules to run pipeline jobs defined by Jenkinsfiles in a GitHub Actions context.
What are the prerequisites for using Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub Actions?,"You will
need a GitHub account, a GitHub repository, Git installed locally, and fundamental
knowledge of GitHub Actions. If you want to integrate Jenkins plugins, you also
need to know about JCasC (Jenkins Configuration as Code)."
How do you create a GitHub repository for using Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub
Actions?,"You can create a new repository on GitHub, provide a name, optional
description, and choose the repository visibility. Then follow the GitHub official
guide for detailed steps."
How do you create a Jenkinsfile for defining the pipeline in Jenkinsfile Runner
GitHub Actions?,You create a Jenkinsfile with the necessary pipeline stages and
steps. The Jenkinsfile typically resides at the root of your project repository.
What is the purpose of the plugin list file in Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub
Actions?,The plugin list file specifies the plugins needed to be installed in the
ephemeral Jenkins instance. It helps ensure that the required plugins are available
when running the pipeline.
How do you create a workflow definition for running Jenkins pipeline with GitHub
Actions?,"You create a YAML file with the necessary workflow definition in the
`.github/workflows` directory of your GitHub repository. This file specifies the
workflow name, trigger event, runner environment, and steps to execute."
How do you access the workflow logs in Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub Actions?,"After
committing and pushing your changes to the remote repository, the workflow will be
triggered and executed. You can then view the visualization graph of the run's
progress and see each step's activity on GitHub."
"What is JCasC (Jenkins Configuration as Code), and how is it used in Jenkinsfile
Runner GitHub Actions?",JCasC is a plugin that configures the ephemeral Jenkins
instance using human-readable declarative configuration files. It allows setting up
environment variables and other configurations without accessing the Jenkins web
UI.
How do you integrate additional plugins into the Jenkins instance used by
Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub Actions?,You specify the required plugins in the plugin
list file and configure them in the JCasC YAML file. This ensures that the
specified plugins are installed and configured in the ephemeral Jenkins instance.
"What are Groovy Hook Scripts, and how can they be used in Jenkinsfile Runner
GitHub Actions?","Groovy Hook Scripts provide custom setup configurations for the
ephemeral Jenkins instance. They can be used to execute scripts that run right
after Jenkins starts up, allowing for additional configurations beyond what JCasC
provides."
What does this tutorial demonstrate?,"This tutorial demonstrates how to use Jenkins
to orchestrate building and testing a Node.js and React application, as well as
delivering different outcomes for development and production purposes using
multibranch pipelines."
What is recommended before starting this tutorial?,"Before starting this tutorial,
it is recommended that you run through at least one of the initial introductory
tutorials from the Tutorials overview page first to familiarize yourself with CI/CD
concepts relevant to a technology stack you're most familiar with."
How long does this tutorial take to complete?,"This tutorial takes approximately
30-50 minutes to complete, assuming you've already met the prerequisites and
depending on the speed of your machine and whether you've already installed docker
and docker compose."
What should you do if you're unable to install `docker compose` on your
machine?,"If you're unable to install `docker compose` on your machine, you can
still run the example in the cloud for free using GitPod, which offers 50 hours per
month for free. You need to link it to your GitHub account to run the example in
the cloud."
What is the first step in creating the Multibranch Pipeline project?,"The first
step is to ensure you are logged in to Jenkins, navigate to the ""New Item""
section, and enter the name ""building-a-multibranch-pipeline-project"" in the box.
Then, select ""Multibranch Pipeline"" and click ""OK""."
What happens when Jenkins scans the remote repository for branches?,Jenkins scans
the remote repository for branches and creates a Pipeline for each branch that
contains a `Jenkinsfile`.
How do you add deliver and deploy stages to your Pipeline?,"To add ""Deliver for
development"" and ""Deploy for production"" stages to your Pipeline, you need to
edit your `Jenkinsfile` and include the corresponding Declarative Pipeline syntax
under the `stages` section."
What is the purpose of the `when` directive in the Pipeline?,"The `when` directive,
along with its `branch` condition, determines whether or not the stages containing
these directives should be executed based on the branch that Jenkins is running the
build from."
How do you pull the updated Jenkinsfile into the other repository branches?,"You
pull the updated `Jenkinsfile` from the `master` branch into the `development` and
`production` branches by running specific git commands to checkout, pull changes,
and push them to the respective branches on GitHub."
What should you do to examine changes made to your application in the `development`
branch before deploying to production?,"To examine changes made to your application
in the `development` branch before deploying to production, you can run your
Pipeline on the `development` branch, check the results, and then merge the changes
into the `production` branch."
"What is the purpose of the tutorial ""Create a Pipeline in Blue Ocean""?",The
purpose of the tutorial is to demonstrate how to use the Blue Ocean feature of
Jenkins to create a Pipeline for orchestrating the building of a simple
application.
What prerequisites are recommended before starting the tutorial?,It's recommended
to go through at least one of the initial tutorials from the tutorials overview
page to learn about CI/CD concepts relevant to your technology stack and how they
are implemented in Jenkins.
What application is used in this tutorial?,"The tutorial uses the same application
as the ""build a Node.js and React app with npm"" tutorial, which is a simple
""Welcome to React"" Node.js and React application."
How long does it take to complete the tutorial?,"The tutorial takes approximately
20-40 minutes to complete, depending on the speed of your machine and whether
you've already met the prerequisites."
What does Blue Ocean provide in terms of Git handling experience?,"Blue Ocean
provides a simplified Git-handling experience, allowing users to interact directly
with the repository on GitHub instead of a local clone."
What is the first step in creating a Pipeline project in Blue Ocean?,"The first
step is to access the Blue Ocean interface in Jenkins and select ""Create a new
Pipeline"" in the ""Welcome to Jenkins"" box."
What type of code repository does the tutorial instruct users to connect to?,The
tutorial instructs users to connect to a GitHub repository.
What action does Blue Ocean take if it detects no Jenkinsfile at the root level of
the repository's master branch?,"Blue Ocean helps the user create a Jenkinsfile and
prompts them to select ""Create Pipeline"" again to proceed."
How does Blue Ocean represent a Pipeline project created through it?,"Under the
hood, a Pipeline project created through Blue Ocean is actually a ""multibranch
Pipeline,"" where Jenkins looks for the presence of at least one Jenkinsfile in any
branch of the repository."
"What is the purpose of the ""Test"" stage added to the Pipeline?","The purpose of
the ""Test"" stage is to execute a shell script specified in the Jenkinsfile,
typically used for running tests on the application."
What is Jenkins?,"Jenkins is an open-source automation server that integrates with
various AWS services such as AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodeDeploy, Amazon EC2 Spot, and
Amazon EC2 Fleet. You can deploy a Jenkins application on AWS using Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)."
What are the steps involved in deploying a Jenkins application on AWS?,"The steps
involved in deploying a Jenkins application on AWS include:
1. Prerequisites: Ensuring you have an AWS account, an Amazon EC2 key pair, and an
AWS IAM User with programmatic key access and permissions to launch EC2 instances.
2. Creating a key pair: Creating a key pair helps ensure the correct form of
authentication is used when installing Jenkins.
3. Creating a security group: Creating a security group acts as a firewall
controlling traffic allowed to reach EC2 instances.
4. Launching an Amazon EC2 instance: Launching an EC2 instance involves selecting
an Amazon Machine Image (AMI), configuring security groups, and launching the
instance.
5. Installing and configuring Jenkins: Installing Jenkins on the EC2 instance
involves connecting to the instance, downloading and installing Jenkins, and
configuring Jenkins through its management interface.
6. Cleaning up: Deleting the AWS resources created to avoid accruing charges."
How can you create a key pair for Jenkins deployment?,"To create a key pair for
Jenkins deployment, follow these steps:
1. Open the Amazon EC2 console and sign in.
2. Under *NETWORK & SECURITY*, select *Key Pairs*.
3. Select **Create key pair** and enter a descriptive name for the key pair.
4. Choose the file format (pem for OpenSSH compatibility or ppk for PuTTY
compatibility).
5. Select *Create key pair*, and save the private key file in a safe place.
6. If connecting from a macOS or Linux computer, set permissions for the private
key file using the command `chmod 400 <key_pair_name>.pem`."
What is the purpose of creating a security group in AWS?,"A security group acts as
a firewall controlling the traffic allowed to reach one or more EC2 instances. It
helps manage inbound and outbound traffic, allowing you to specify the protocols,
ports, and IP ranges that can access your instances."
How can you launch an Amazon EC2 instance for Jenkins deployment?,"To launch an
Amazon EC2 instance for Jenkins deployment, follow these steps:
1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon EC2 console.
2. Select *Launch Instance* and choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI), such as the
HVM edition of the Amazon Linux AMI.
3. Select the key pair and security group configured for Jenkins deployment.
4. Review the instance launch details and select *Launch Instance*.
5. Monitor the instance status in the *Instances* section until it changes to
running, indicating the instance is ready for use."
What steps are involved in installing and configuring Jenkins on an EC2
instance?,"Installing and configuring Jenkins on an EC2 instance involves the
following steps:
1. Connecting to the Linux instance using SSH or PuTTY.
2. Updating software packages on the instance.
3. Adding the Jenkins repository and importing a key file for installation.
4. Installing Java and Jenkins.
5. Enabling the Jenkins service to start at boot and starting Jenkins as a service.
6. Accessing Jenkins through its management interface, unlocking Jenkins,
installing suggested plugins, and creating an admin user.
7. Configuring additional plugins, such as the Amazon EC2 plugin, and setting up
credentials for AWS services.
8. Testing the connection and saving the configuration changes."
What is the final step in the Jenkins deployment tutorial for AWS?,"The final step
in the Jenkins deployment tutorial for AWS is cleaning up the resources to avoid
accruing charges. This involves deleting the AWS resources created during the
tutorial, such as EC2 instances."
What is the purpose of the tutorials in the Jenkins User Documentation?,"The
tutorials aim to help developers begin building their applications in an automated
fashion with Jenkins, focusing on Continuous Integration (CI) / Continuous Delivery
(CD) concepts."
"What is covered in the ""Getting started with Jenkins"" tutorial?","The ""Getting
started with Jenkins"" tutorial provides a guided tour to Jenkins."
"What are some of the key features of Jenkins covered in the ""Pipeline""
tutorials?","The ""Pipeline"" tutorials cover key features of Jenkins for
implementing CI/CD processes, including:
- Getting started with Jenkins Pipeline
- Publishing HTML Reports in Pipeline
- Sending Notifications in Pipeline
- End-to-End Multibranch Pipeline Project Creation
- Creating a shared library
- Faster Pipelines with the Parallel Test Executor Plugin
- Converting Conditional Build Steps to Jenkins Pipeline
- Pipeline Development Tools"
"What is ""Blue Ocean"" in the context of Jenkins tutorials?","""Blue Ocean""
refers to a set of tutorials aimed at getting started with Blue Ocean, a modern
user experience designed for Jenkins."
What are some tutorials available for using build tools with Jenkins?,"Tutorials
for using build tools with Jenkins cover various technology stacks, including:
- Building a Java app with Maven
- Building a Node.js and React app with npm
- Building a Python app with PyInstaller
- Building a LabVIEW app
- Building a Jenkins pipeline by using Jenkinsfile Runner GitHub Actions"
Are there any cloud-related tutorials available in the Jenkins User
Documentation?,"Yes, cloud tutorials are available, including tutorials for
installing Jenkins on Google Cloud and Jenkins on AWS."
Where can users find more tutorials related to Jenkins?,Users can find more
tutorials in the Tutorial blogposts section and through various blog posts listed
in the Jenkins User Documentation.
"What is the purpose of the tutorial ""Build a Java app with Maven"" in the Jenkins
User Documentation?","The tutorial aims to guide Java developers, particularly
those using Maven, in implementing Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery
(CI/CD) concepts using Jenkins. It demonstrates how to build a simple Java
application with Maven using Jenkins."
"How long does it typically take to complete the ""Build a Java app with Maven""
tutorial?","The tutorial typically takes between 20 to 40 minutes to complete,
depending on factors such as the speed of the user's machine and whether Docker and
Docker Compose are already installed."
"What are the prerequisites for starting the ""Build a Java app with Maven""
tutorial?","The prerequisites for the tutorial include having Git installed
locally. Optionally, GitHub Desktop can also be installed."
What is the first step in the tutorial after completing the prerequisites?,"After
completing the prerequisites, the tutorial instructs users to fork and clone the
sample repository from GitHub into their own GitHub account and then clone this
fork locally."
How can users obtain the latest Jenkins instance for the tutorial?,Users can obtain
the latest Jenkins instance customized for the tutorial by cloning the `quickstart-
tutorials` repository from GitHub and executing a Docker Compose command provided
in the tutorial.
What should users do if they are unable to install Docker Compose on their
machine?,"If users are unable to install Docker Compose, they can still run the
example in the cloud for free using GitPod. The tutorial provides a link to a
GitPod workspace where users can start the Jenkins instance and continue with the
tutorial."
What is the purpose of creating a Pipeline project in Jenkins?,Creating a Pipeline
project in Jenkins allows users to define and automate the steps involved in
building their Java application with Maven. It serves as the foundation for
automating the CI/CD process.
How is the initial Pipeline created in the tutorial?,"The initial Pipeline is
created as a `Jenkinsfile`, which is committed to the locally cloned Git
repository. The `Jenkinsfile` contains a declarative Pipeline script that
orchestrates the building of the Java application with Maven."
What additional stage is added to the Pipeline after the initial build
stage?,"After the initial build stage, a ""Test"" stage is added to the Pipeline.
This stage runs unit tests on the Java application using Maven and generates a
JUnit XML report."
"What is the final stage added to the Pipeline, and what does it do?","The final
stage added to the Pipeline is the ""Deliver"" stage. This stage runs a shell
script (`deliver.sh`) located in the `jenkins/scripts` directory from the root of
the `simple-java-maven-app` repository. It is responsible for delivering the built
Java application."
What does this tutorial demonstrate?,This tutorial demonstrates how to use Jenkins
to orchestrate building a simple Node.js and React application with npm.
Who is this tutorial for?,This tutorial is for Node.js and React developers who are
new to CI/CD concepts or those familiar with these concepts but don't know how to
implement building their application using Jenkins.
How long does this tutorial take to complete?,"This tutorial takes 20-40 minutes to
complete, depending on the speed of your machine and whether you've already
installed Docker and Docker Compose."
What is the first step in forking and cloning the sample repository on GitHub?,"The
first step is to ensure you are signed in to your GitHub account. If you don't have
one, sign up for a free account on the GitHub website."
How can you clone the forked `simple-node-js-react-npm-app` repository locally?,You
can clone your forked `simple-node-js-react-npm-app` repository locally either
through the GitHub Desktop app or by using terminal/command line prompt and running
the appropriate `git clone` command.
What should you do after obtaining the latest Jenkins instance customized for the
tutorial?,"After obtaining the latest Jenkins instance customized for the tutorial,
you should navigate to the `quickstart-tutorials` directory and execute the command
`docker compose --profile node up -d` to run the example."
How can you access the Jenkins controller once the containers are running
successfully?,"Once the containers are running successfully, you can access the
Jenkins controller at http://localhost:8080."
What alternative is provided if you are unable to install Docker Compose on your
machine?,"If you are unable to install Docker Compose on your machine, you can
still run the example in the cloud for free using GitPod, which is free for 50
hours per month."
What is the purpose of creating a Pipeline project in Jenkins?,The purpose of
creating a Pipeline project in Jenkins is to automate the building process of your
Node.js and React application.
"What does the ""Build"" stage in the Jenkinsfile do?","The ""Build"" stage in the
Jenkinsfile executes the `npm install` command to ensure that all dependencies
required to run the application have been downloaded to the `node_modules`
workspace directory."
What are the minimum stages in a basic continuous delivery pipeline?,"The minimum
stages in a basic continuous delivery pipeline are Build, Test, and Deploy."
What is the purpose of the Deploy stage in Jenkins?,The Deploy stage in Jenkins is
responsible for deploying the application.
How can you extend the number of stages to capture additional deployment
environments?,"You can extend the number of stages to capture additional deployment
environments by adding stages like ""Deploy - Staging"" and ""Deploy - Production""
to your Jenkinsfile."
What is continuous deployment?,Continuous deployment is the practice of
automatically deploying code all the way through to production.
How can you implement asking for human input before proceeding to the next stage in
Jenkins Pipeline?,You can implement asking for human input before proceeding to the
next stage in Jenkins Pipeline by using the `input` step.
"What does the ""Sanity check"" stage do in Jenkins Pipeline?","The ""Sanity
check"" stage in Jenkins Pipeline blocks for human input to confirm if the staging
environment looks okay before proceeding to the next stage."
What is the conclusion of the Guided Tour on Jenkins Pipeline?,"The conclusion of
the Guided Tour on Jenkins Pipeline introduces users to the basics of using Jenkins
and Jenkins Pipeline, emphasizing its extensibility and ability to handle various
aspects of automation."
What is the purpose of the `post` section in a Pipeline?,"The `post` section in a
Pipeline is utilized for performing finalization, notification, or other end-of-
Pipeline tasks. It runs after the main execution of the Pipeline, ensuring that
specified actions are taken regardless of the outcome of the Pipeline."
What are the different build statuses mentioned in the document?,"The document
mentions three build statuses: SUCCESS, UNSTABLE, and FAILED."
Provide a Declarative Pipeline snippet demonstrating different actions based on
build outcomes.,"```groovy
post {
always {
echo 'One way or another, I have finished'
deleteDir() /* clean up our workspace */
}
success {
echo 'I succeeded!'
}
unstable {
echo 'I am unstable :/'
}
failure {
echo 'I failed :('
}
changed {
echo 'Things were different before...'
}
}
```"
How can you send an email notification in a Pipeline in case of failure?,"```groovy
post {
failure {
mail to: '[email protected]',
subject: ""Failed Pipeline: ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName}"",
body: ""Something is wrong with ${env.BUILD_URL}""
}
}
```"
Demonstrate how to send a Hipchat notification in a Pipeline in case of
failure.,"```groovy
post {
failure {
hipchatSend message: ""Attention @here ${env.JOB_NAME} #${env.BUILD_NUMBER}
has failed."",
color: 'RED'
}
}
```"
Show how to send a Slack notification in a Pipeline upon successful
completion.,"```groovy
post {
success {
slackSend channel: '#ops-room',
color: 'good',
message: ""The pipeline ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName} completed
successfully.""
}
}
```"
What is a Jenkins Pipeline?,"A Jenkins Pipeline, or simply ""Pipeline,"" is a suite
of plugins designed to integrate continuous delivery pipelines into Jenkins. It
facilitates the automation of the software delivery process from version control to
end-users."
What is a continuous delivery pipeline?,"A continuous delivery pipeline is an
automated representation of the process involved in delivering software, spanning
from version control to users and customers."
How is a Jenkins Pipeline typically defined?,"A Jenkins Pipeline is typically
defined in a text file called a `Jenkinsfile`, which is stored in a project's
source control repository."
How can one get started quickly with Pipeline?,"To get started quickly with
Pipeline, one can follow these steps:
1. Install the Docker Pipeline plugin through the Manage Jenkins > Plugins page.
2. After installing the plugin, restart Jenkins to ensure it is ready for use.
3. Copy one of the provided examples into your repository and name it
`Jenkinsfile`.
4. Within Jenkins, click on the New Item menu and provide a name for the new item
(e.g., My-Pipeline) and select Multibranch Pipeline.
5. Click the Add Source button, choose the type of repository to use, and fill in
the details.
6. Click the Save button and observe your first Pipeline run."
What are the examples provided for quick start with Jenkins Pipeline?,"The examples
provided for quick start with Jenkins Pipeline include pipelines for Java,
Node.js/JavaScript, Ruby, Python, PHP, and Go."
What is required to use the provided examples for Jenkins Pipeline?,"To use the
provided examples for Jenkins Pipeline, the Docker Pipeline plugin is required."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a Java project?,"To write a
Pipeline script for building a Java project, you can use either the declarative or
scripted syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker Pipeline
plugin."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a Node.js project?,"To write a
Pipeline script for building a Node.js project, you can use either the declarative
or scripted syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker
Pipeline plugin."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a Ruby project?,"To write a
Pipeline script for building a Ruby project, you can use either the declarative or
scripted syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker Pipeline
plugin."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a Python project?,"To write a
Pipeline script for building a Python project, you can use either the declarative
or scripted syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker
Pipeline plugin."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a PHP project?,"To write a
Pipeline script for building a PHP project, you can use either the declarative or
scripted syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker Pipeline
plugin."
How can you write a Pipeline script for building a Go project?,"To write a Pipeline
script for building a Go project, you can use either the declarative or scripted
syntax provided in the examples. Both syntaxes require the Docker Pipeline plugin."
What additional resources are provided for learning about Jenkins
Pipeline?,Additional resources include detailed instructions on getting started
with Pipeline and various Pipeline tutorials.
What is a Pipeline in Jenkins?,"A Pipeline in Jenkins is comprised of multiple
steps that allow the user to build, test, and deploy applications."
How are steps executed in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"Steps in a Jenkins Pipeline are
executed sequentially. When a step succeeds, the Pipeline proceeds to the next
step. If a step fails, the Pipeline will fail."
"What is the equivalent of the `sh` step on Linux, BSD, and Mac OS systems in
Jenkins Pipeline?","On Linux, BSD, and Mac OS systems, the equivalent of the `sh`
step in Jenkins Pipeline is used to execute shell commands."
What is the equivalent of the `bat` step on Windows systems in Jenkins
Pipeline?,"On Windows systems, the equivalent of the `bat` step in Jenkins Pipeline
is used to execute batch commands."
How can timeouts be set in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"Timeouts can be set in a Jenkins
Pipeline using the `timeout` step, specifying the duration and unit of time."
How can retries be implemented in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"Retries can be implemented
in a Jenkins Pipeline using the `retry` step, which allows a specified command or
script to be retried a certain number of times until successful."
What happens if a step fails to complete within the specified timeout period in a
Jenkins Pipeline?,"If a step fails to complete within the specified timeout period
in a Jenkins Pipeline, the Pipeline will be marked as failed for that particular
stage."
How can cleanup steps or actions based on the outcome of a Pipeline be performed in
Jenkins?,"Cleanup steps or actions based on the outcome of a Pipeline can be
performed in the `post` section of the Pipeline, where actions are defined for
different outcomes such as success, failure, unstable, or changes in Pipeline
state."
What is the purpose of setting environment variables in a Jenkins
pipeline?,"Setting environment variables in a Jenkins pipeline allows you to
configure the build or tests differently to run them inside Jenkins, such as
instructing scripts like a `Makefile`."
How can environment variables be set in a Jenkins pipeline?,Environment variables
can be set globally or per stage in a Jenkins pipeline. This can be done within the
`Jenkinsfile` either declaratively or scripted.
Provide an example of setting environment variables in a declarative Jenkins
pipeline.,"```groovy
pipeline {
agent {
label '!windows'
}

environment {
DISABLE_AUTH = 'true'
DB_ENGINE = 'sqlite'
}

stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
echo ""Database engine is ${DB_ENGINE}""
echo ""DISABLE_AUTH is ${DISABLE_AUTH}""
sh 'printenv'
}
}
}
}
```"
Provide an example of setting environment variables in a scripted Jenkins
pipeline.,"```groovy
node('!windows') {
withEnv(['DISABLE_AUTH=true', 'DB_ENGINE=sqlite']) {
stage('Build') {
echo ""Database engine is ${DB_ENGINE}""
echo ""DISABLE_AUTH is ${DISABLE_AUTH}""
sh 'printenv'
}
}
}
```"
What is a common use for environment variables in build or test scripts?,"A common
use for environment variables in build or test scripts is to set or override
""dummy"" credentials, which is safer than putting credentials directly into a
`Jenkinsfile`."
How can pre-defined credentials be accessed safely in a `Jenkinsfile`?,"Jenkins
Pipeline allows users to access pre-defined credentials in the `Jenkinsfile`
without needing to know their actual values, which is done through the use of
environment variables."
Where can more details be found on using environment variables in Pipelines?,"More
details on using environment variables in Pipelines can be found in the Jenkins
documentation under the section ""Using Environment Variables."""
Where can information be found on handling credentials in a Jenkins
pipeline?,"Information on handling credentials in a Jenkins pipeline can be found
in the Jenkins documentation under the section ""Handling credentials"" in the User
Handbook."
Why is recording test results important in a continuous delivery
pipeline?,"Recording test results is important because it helps avoid sifting
through thousands of lines of console output to find information about failing
tests. Jenkins can record and aggregate test results, making it easier to track,
analyze, and report on them."
What must your test runner be able to do for Jenkins to record and aggregate test
results?,Your test runner must be able to output test result files for Jenkins to
record and aggregate test results.
What step is typically bundled with Jenkins for processing test results?,The
`junit` step is typically bundled with Jenkins for processing test results.
What can you do if your test runner cannot output JUnit-style XML reports?,"If your
test runner cannot output JUnit-style XML reports, you can use additional plugins
that process practically any widely-used test report format."
Where in the Jenkins pipeline do you collect test results and artifacts?,You
collect test results and artifacts in the `post` section of the Jenkins pipeline.
Provide an example of collecting test results in a declarative Jenkins
pipeline.,"```groovy
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Test') {
steps {
sh './gradlew check'
}
}
}
post {
always {
junit 'build/reports/**/*.xml'
}
}
}
```"
Provide an example of collecting test results in a scripted Jenkins
pipeline.,"```groovy
node {
try {
stage('Test') {
sh './gradlew check'
}
} finally {
junit 'build/reports/**/*.xml'
}
}
```"
How does Jenkins mark a pipeline that has failing tests?,"Jenkins marks a pipeline
with failing tests as ""UNSTABLE"", denoted by yellow in the web UI."
"How is an ""UNSTABLE"" build different from a ""FAILED"" build?","An ""UNSTABLE""
build has failing tests but continues pipeline execution by default, while a
""FAILED"" build indicates a more critical failure that stops the pipeline, denoted
by red in the web UI."
How can you skip deployment after test failures in a declarative Jenkins
pipeline?,"In a declarative Jenkins pipeline, you can skip deployment after test
failures by using the `skipStagesAfterUnstable` option."
How can you skip deployment after test failures in a scripted Jenkins pipeline?,"In
a scripted Jenkins pipeline, you can skip deployment after test failures by
checking if `currentBuild.currentResult == 'SUCCESS'`."
Why might it be useful to grab built artifacts from Jenkins?,It might be useful to
grab built artifacts from Jenkins for local analysis and investigation when there
are test failures.
How do you store artifacts in Jenkins?,You store artifacts in Jenkins using the
`archiveArtifacts` step with a file-globbing expression.
Provide an example of storing artifacts in a declarative Jenkins
pipeline.,"```groovy
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh './gradlew build'
}
}
stage('Test') {
steps {
sh './gradlew check'
}
}
}

post {
always {
archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'build/libs/**/*.jar', fingerprint: true
junit 'build/reports/**/*.xml'
}
}
}
```"
Provide an example of storing artifacts in a scripted Jenkins pipeline.,"```groovy
node {
try {
stage('Test') {
sh './gradlew check'
 }
} finally {
archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'build/libs/**/*.jar', fingerprint: true
junit 'build/reports/**/*.xml'
}
}
```"
What should you do if you need to specify more than one parameter in the
`archiveArtifacts` step?,"If you need to specify more than one parameter in the
`archiveArtifacts` step, explicitly specify each parameter's name in the step code,
such as `artifacts` for the artifact's path and file name and `fingerprint` to
enable that option. If only specifying the artifacts' path and file name/s, you can
omit the parameter name `artifacts`."
What does the `agent` directive do in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"The `agent` directive
tells Jenkins where and how to execute the Pipeline or a subset of it. It is
required for all Pipelines and queues the steps contained within the block for
execution, allocates a workspace, and begins execution as soon as an executor is
available."
What are two main actions that occur under the hood when using the `agent`
directive?,"1. All steps within the block are queued for execution by Jenkins and
start as soon as an executor is available. 2. A workspace is allocated, containing
files checked out from source control and any additional working files for the
Pipeline."
What is the focus of the document regarding the use of agents in a Jenkins
Pipeline?,The focus is on using an ephemeral Docker container to define the
environment and tools required without manually configuring various system tools
and dependencies on agents.
Why is using Docker containers in a Jenkins Pipeline beneficial?,Using Docker
containers allows the Pipeline to define the environment and tools required without
manual configuration of system tools and dependencies on agents. This makes it easy
to use practically any tool that can be packaged in a Docker container.
Provide an example of using a Docker container as an agent in a declarative Jenkins
Pipeline.,"```groovy
pipeline {
agent {
docker { image 'node:20.11.1-alpine3.19' }
}
stages {
stage('Test') {
steps {
sh 'node --version'
}
}
}
}
```"
Provide an example of using a Docker container as an agent in a scripted Jenkins
Pipeline.,"```groovy
node {
/* Requires the Docker Pipeline plugin to be installed */
docker.image('node:20.11.1-alpine3.19').inside {
stage('Test') {
sh 'node --version'
}
}
}
```"
What happens when the Pipeline executes with the specified Docker
container?,Jenkins automatically starts the specified Docker container and executes
the defined steps within it.
What output can you expect when the example Pipeline executes and runs the `node --
version` command?,"The output will show the version of Node.js, for example:
```
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Test)
[Pipeline] sh
[guided-tour] Running shell script
+ node --version
v14.15.0
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] }
```"
How does mixing and matching different containers or other agents benefit a Jenkins
Pipeline?,"Mixing and matching different containers or other agents provides
flexibility in executing a Pipeline, allowing for diverse and customized
environments tailored to specific stages or tasks."
Where can you find more options for specifying agents in a Jenkins Pipeline?,More
options for specifying agents can be found in the Jenkins Pipeline syntax
reference.
What are the supported Java versions required to run Jenkins as of November 2023
for LTS and weekly releases?,"As of November 2023, Jenkins requires Java 11, Java
17, or Java 21 for LTS release 2.426.1, and Java 11, Java 17, or Java 21 for weekly
release 2.419."
What happens if you install an unsupported Java version for running Jenkins?,"If
you install an unsupported Java version, your Jenkins controller will not run."
Do you need to build your application with the same version of Java used to run
Jenkins itself?,"No, you do not need to build your application with the same
version of Java used to run Jenkins itself."
Where can you find the upgrade guidelines for moving from Java 8 to Java 11 or Java
11 to Java 17 for Jenkins?,"The upgrade guidelines can be found in the Jenkins
documentation under the sections ""Java 8 to 11 upgrade guidelines"" and ""Java 11
to 17 upgrade guidelines""."
Which JDK/JREs does the Jenkins project perform a full test flow with?,"The Jenkins
project performs a full test flow with OpenJDK JDK / JRE 11, OpenJDK JDK / JRE 17,
and OpenJDK JDK / JRE 21, all 64-bit versions."
Are JRE/JDKs from vendors other than OpenJDK supported by Jenkins?,"Yes, JRE/JDKs
from other vendors are supported and may be used, though Jenkins maintainers
primarily test with HotSpot based JVMs like those from OpenJDK, Eclipse Temurin,
and Amazon Corretto."
What is the policy regarding Eclipse OpenJ9 based Java virtual machines?,"Jenkins
maintainers do not actively test Eclipse OpenJ9 based Java virtual machines, and
the Platform Special Interest Group does not actively work on them."
Can the JDK versions used to build Java-based projects be different from the Java
version used to run Jenkins?,"Yes, the JDK versions used to build Java-based
projects or run Java-based tools can be independent from the Java version used to
run the Jenkins controller and agent processes."
What is a notable plugin that requires the JDK version used for builds to match the
Java version used by the Jenkins controller?,The Maven Integration Plugin requires
the JDK version used for Maven builds to be at least the same Java version used in
the Jenkins controller.
How do modern Jenkins controllers and agents notify users about Java
requirements?,Modern Jenkins controllers and agents verify Java requirements and
notify users when they are launched with an unsupported version.
Which plugin provides detailed Java version monitoring in Jenkins?,The Versions
Node Monitors plugin provides detailed Java version monitoring.
Which JDK does the Jenkins project use as its primary JDK for building and testing
Java-based applications?,The Jenkins project uses Eclipse Temurin as its primary
JDK for building and testing Java-based applications.
Why was Eclipse Temurin chosen as the primary JDK for Jenkins?,"Eclipse Temurin was
chosen due to its availability over many different Java SE versions and platforms,
including different operating systems and architectures, and the regular
maintenance and long-term support provided by the Eclipse Foundation."
What are the initial steps recommended before upgrading Jenkins from Java 11 to
Java 17?,"Before upgrading, it is recommended to back up `JENKINS_HOME`, test the
upgrade with your backup, and only perform the upgrade on your production instance
after all required tests pass."
What is the first action to take when upgrading both Jenkins and the JVM?,The first
action is to back up `JENKINS_HOME`.
How should you stop the Jenkins instance before upgrading the JVM?,You should stop
the Jenkins instance by stopping the service or process running Jenkins.
What steps should be followed to upgrade the JVM on which Jenkins is running?,"1.
Use a package manager to install the new JVM.
2. Ensure the default JVM is the newly installed version.
3. If the new JVM is not the default, run `systemctl edit jenkins` and set
either the `JAVA_HOME` or `JENKINS_JAVA_CMD` environment variable to the new JVM
path."
What should be done after upgrading the JVM to ensure compatibility?,"Upgrade
Jenkins to the most recent version, validate the upgrade to confirm all plugins and
jobs are loaded, and upgrade the required plugins to ensure compatibility with Java
17."
Why is it important to upgrade all plugins when upgrading Jenkins to Java
17?,Upgrading all plugins ensures they are compatible with Java 17 and the most
recent Jenkins releases.
What should you do if you encounter a previously unreported issue after
upgrading?,Report the issue following the guidelines in the Jenkins issue reporting
documentation.
Why must all agents run the same JVM version as the Jenkins controller?,All agents
must run the same JVM version as the controller because the communication between
controllers and agents requires JVM version compatibility.
How can you validate the JVM version of each agent in Jenkins?,Use the Versions
Node Monitors plugin to get information about the JVM version of each agent on the
node management screen of your Jenkins instance.
What additional functionality does the Versions Node Monitors plugin provide
regarding JVM versions on agents?,The plugin can be configured to automatically
disconnect any agent running an incorrect JVM version.
What does the Linux support policy for Jenkins cover?,"The Linux support policy
covers the Jenkins controller and agents. It does not include individual plugin
requirements, which can be found in the plugin documentation."
Why are there specific Linux support requirements for Jenkins?,"Jenkins core and
some plugins include native code or depend on Linux APIs and subsystems, making
them dependent on specific Linux versions. Additionally, platform-specific
installation packages rely on these versions."
What are the different support levels defined for Linux platforms in
Jenkins?,"There are three support levels:
- **Level 1 (Supported):** Fully supported with automated package manager
installation testing. Issues are fixed in a timely manner.
- **Level 2 (Patches Considered):** Support may have limitations and extra
requirements. Compatibility is not tested, and support may be dropped at any time.
Patches are considered if they do not risk Level 1 support.
- **Level 3 (Unsupported):** These versions are known to be incompatible or have
severe limitations. They are not supported, and patches are not accepted."
Which Linux platforms fall under Level 1 support?,"Level 1 supported platforms
include:
- 64-bit (amd64) Linux versions using Debian, Red Hat, or OpenSUSE packaging
formats.
- 64-bit (arm64, s390x) Linux versions using Debian or rpm packaging formats.
- Linux container images (amd64, arm64, s390x) as published for the Jenkins
controller and various agents."
Which Linux platforms fall under Level 2 support?,"Level 2 supported platforms
include:
- 32-bit (x86, arm) Linux versions.
- RISC-V and other architectures not included in Level 1 support.
- Preview releases."
What does Level 3 support mean for Linux platforms in Jenkins?,"Level 3 platforms
are known to be incompatible or have severe limitations. They are not supported,
and patches for these platforms are not accepted."
Where can you find information about the lifecycle and support policies of
different Linux distributions?,"Information can be found on the following pages:
- [Debian Long Term Support](https://wiki.debian.org/LTS)
- [Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life
Cycle](https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata)
- [openSUSE Product Support Lifecycle](https://en.opensuse.org/Lifetime)
- [Ubuntu lifecycle and release cadence](https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle)"
How can you contribute to Linux support in Jenkins?,"Contributions can be made by
proposing PRs to add support for other Linux platforms or sharing feedback.
Contributors can join the Platform Special Interest Group, which has a chat room,
forum, and regular meetings."
When was the first version of the Linux support policy for Jenkins released?,"The
first version was released in March 2022, with discussions documented in the
mailing list and governance meeting notes and recordings."
What does the Windows support policy for Jenkins cover?,"The Windows support policy
covers the Jenkins controller and agents. It does not include individual plugin
requirements, which can be found in the plugin documentation."
Why are there specific Windows support requirements for Jenkins?,"Jenkins core and
some plugins include native code or depend on Windows API and subsystems, making
them reliant on specific Windows platforms and versions. Additionally, Jenkins uses
the Windows Service Wrapper (WinSW), which requires the .NET Framework."
What are the different support levels defined for Windows platforms in
Jenkins?,"There are four support levels:
- **Level 1 (Full Support):** Automated testing is run for these platforms, and
issues are fixed in a timely manner.
- **Level 2 (Supported):** Compatibility is maintained, and patches are accepted,
but these platforms are not actively tested.
- **Level 3 (Patches Considered):** Compatibility is not tested, and support may be
dropped if necessary. Patches are considered if they do not risk Levels 1 or 2
support and do not create maintenance overhead.
- **Level 4 (Unsupported):** These platforms are known to be incompatible or have
severe limitations. They are not supported, and patches are not accepted."
Which Windows platforms fall under Level 1 support?,"Level 1 supported platforms
include:
- 64-bit (amd-64) Windows Server versions with the latest GA update pack.
- Windows versions used in the official Docker images."
Which Windows platforms fall under Level 2 support?,"Level 2 supported platforms
include:
- 64-bit (amd-64) Windows Server versions generally supported by Microsoft.
- 64-bit (amd-64) Windows 10 and 11 versions generally supported by Microsoft."
What does Level 3 support mean for Windows platforms in Jenkins?,"Level 3 platforms
are not actively tested, and support may have limitations and extra requirements.
Support may be dropped if necessary. Patches are considered if they do not risk
Levels 1 or 2 support and do not create maintenance overhead."
Which Windows platforms fall under Level 4 support?,"Level 4 unsupported platforms
include:
- Windows versions no longer supported by Microsoft.
- Windows XP older than SP3.
- Windows Phone.
- Other Windows platforms released before 2008."
What are the .NET Framework requirements for Jenkins on Windows?,"Starting from
Jenkins 2.238, .NET Framework 4.0 or above is required for all Windows service
installations and built-in Windows service management logic. Before Jenkins
2.238, .NET Framework 2.0 was supported. For platforms that do not support these
versions, native executables provided by the Windows Service Wrapper project should
be used."
Where can you find information about the Microsoft lifecycle policy?,"Information
can be found on the following pages:
- [Microsoft Lifecycle Policy](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/)
- [Microsoft Product Lifecycle
Search](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search)"
How can you contribute to Windows support in Jenkins?,"Contributions can be made by
proposing PRs to add support for more Windows platforms or sharing feedback.
Contributors can join the Platform Special Interest Group, which has a chat, a
mailing list, and regular meetings."
When was the first version of the Windows support policy for Jenkins released?,"The
first version was released on June 3, 2020, with discussions documented in the
mailing list and governance meeting notes."
"What is the primary focus of the document titled ""Upgrading to Java 11""?",The
document provides details and precautions for upgrading the JVM used to run Jenkins
from Java 8 to Java 11.
What is the first step recommended before upgrading Jenkins?,The first step is to
back up `JENKINS_HOME`.
What should you do after backing up Jenkins and before performing the upgrade on
the production instance?,Test the upgrade with your backup and ensure all required
tests pass.
What are the steps to upgrade Jenkins along with the JVM?,"1. Back up
`JENKINS_HOME`.
2. Stop the Jenkins instance.
3. Upgrade the JVM using a package manager and ensure it is set as the default JVM.
4. Upgrade Jenkins to the most recent version.
5. Validate the upgrade to confirm that all plugins and jobs are loaded.
6. Upgrade the required plugins."
What is required starting with Jenkins releases 2.357 and LTS 2.361.1?,Java 11 or
Java 17 is required.
Why is it important to upgrade plugins when upgrading the Java version for
Jenkins?,Upgrading plugins ensures compatibility with the most recent Jenkins
releases and supports Java 11.
What should you do if you discover a previously unreported issue during the
upgrade?,Report the issue following the guidance on how to report an issue provided
in the document.
What is the Jakarta XML Binding section about?,"It explains that some plugins use
JAXB libraries that are no longer included in OpenJDK 11, and a new detached JAXB
plugin is provided to address this."
What should be done if managing plugins outside Jenkins?,Install the JAXB plugin
explicitly if using methods like `plugins.txt` in Docker images.
Why must all agents run on the same JVM version as the controller?,Controllers and
agents communicate in a way that requires the same JVM version.
How can you validate the JVM version of each agent?,Use the Versions Node Monitors
plugin to check the JVM version of each agent on the node management screen.
What major change regarding Java Web Start is highlighted in the document?,"Java
Web Start has been removed in Java 11, and the Java Web Start button will no longer
appear in the Web UI."
What are the alternative methods to connect agents to Jenkins running on Java
11?,"Use plugins like the SSH Build Agents Plugin, operating system command line
calls to `java -jar agent.jar`, or using containers."
Why can't Oracle JDK 11 be automatically installed by Jenkins?,"Oracle JDK 11's
licensing prevents the Jenkins community from listing Oracle JDKs, making automatic
installation impossible."
What is the recommended alternative to using Oracle JDK 11?,Use containers based on
images that contain all the necessary tooling for your builds.
What is the browser support policy for Jenkins controllers?,"Jenkins web browser
support falls into one of three levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3."
What is the aim of Level 1 browser support?,Level 1 aims to proactively support
certain browsers and provide an equal user experience across all.
What action does Level 2 support entail?,Level 2 involves accepting patches to fix
issues and making the best effort to ensure there is at least one way to perform
any action.
What is the default support level for browsers unless specified otherwise?,Level 3
is the default support level for browsers unless a specific browser/version is
listed otherwise.
Which browsers fall under Level 1 support?,"Browsers under Level 1 support include
the latest regular release/patch of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge,
and Apple Safari."
What browsers are included in Level 2 support?,"Level 2 support includes the
version N-1, latest patch of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and
Apple Safari."
Which browsers are categorized under Level 3 support?,Browsers categorized under
Level 3 support include any other versions not specified in Level 1 or Level 2.
Are pre-release versions of browsers supported?,"No, pre-release versions of
browsers (e.g., alpha, beta, or canary) are not supported, and compatibility is not
claimed for them."
Has support for mobile browsers been determined?,"No, support for mobile browsers
such as iOS Safari has not yet been determined."
What browsers were added or removed in the change history?,"In the change history,
support for Internet Explorer was removed, and support for Edge was added, as
discussed in the developer mailing list in 2022-02-01."
What is the servlet container support policy for the Jenkins controller?,The
servlet container support policy outlines the levels of support provided for
different servlet containers running Jenkins.
What is the preferred way to deploy Jenkins?,"The preferred way to deploy Jenkins
is by using the Jenkins WAR file, which bundles the Winstone servlet container
wrapper and Jetty, and can be started on any operating system or platform with a
supported version of Java."
What are the support levels defined for servlet containers in Jenkins?,"There are
three support levels defined for servlet containers in Jenkins: Level 1
(Supported), Level 2 (Patches considered), and Level 3 (Unsupported)."
What does Level 1 support entail?,"Level 1 support means that automated testing is
conducted for the servlet containers, and reported issues are intended to be fixed
in a timely manner. This level covers the versions of Winstone and Jetty bundled in
the Jenkins WAR file."
Which servlet containers fall under Level 2 support?,"Servlet containers such as
Tomcat 9 and WildFly 26, which are based on Servlet API 4.0 (Jakarta EE 8) with
`javax.servlet` imports, fall under Level 2 support."
What is the status of servlet containers categorized under Level 3
support?,"Servlet containers categorized under Level 3 support are known to be
incompatible or to have severe limitations with Jenkins. These containers,
including Jetty 11 or later, Tomcat 10 or later, WildFly 27 or later, and others
based on Servlet API 5.0 (Jakarta EE 9) or later with `jakarta.servlet` imports,
are not supported."
What is the warning regarding support for traditional servlet containers?,"The
warning states that support for traditional servlet containers may be discontinued
in the future, highlighting the preference for the Jenkins WAR file deployment
method."
Where can one find more information about servlet container support and contribute
to its development?,"More information about servlet container support and
contributions can be found in the Installation instructions, the Platform Special
Interest Group (SIG) channels including chat, forum, and regular meetings, as well
as by proposing pull requests (PRs) to add support or documentation for other
servlet containers."
What is an Agent in Jenkins?,An agent is typically a machine or container that
connects to a Jenkins controller and executes tasks when directed by the
controller.
What is an Artifact in Jenkins?,"An artifact is an immutable file generated during
a build or pipeline run, which is archived onto the Jenkins controller for later
retrieval by users."
What is a Build in Jenkins?,A build is the result of a single execution of a job.
What is a Cloud in Jenkins?,"A cloud is a system configuration that provides
dynamic agent provisioning and allocation, such as that provided by plugins like
Azure VM Agents or Amazon EC2."
What is a Controller in Jenkins?,"The controller is the central coordinating
process in Jenkins, responsible for storing configuration, loading plugins, and
rendering various user interfaces."
What is Core in Jenkins?,"Core refers to the primary Jenkins application
(`jenkins.war`), which provides the basic web UI, configuration, and foundation
upon which plugins can be built."
What is a Downstream in Jenkins?,A downstream is a configured pipeline or job that
is triggered as part of the execution of a separate pipeline or job.
What is an Executor in Jenkins?,"An executor is a slot for the execution of work
defined by a pipeline or job on a node. A node may have zero or more executors
configured, corresponding to how many concurrent jobs or pipelines are able to
execute on that node."
What is a Fingerprint in Jenkins?,A fingerprint is a hash considered globally
unique to track the usage of an artifact or other entity across multiple pipelines
or jobs.
What is a Folder in Jenkins?,"A folder is an organizational container for pipelines
and/or jobs, similar to folders on a file system."
What is a Jenkins URL?,"The Jenkins URL is the main URL for the Jenkins
application, as visited by a user, for example, https://ci.jenkins.io/."
What is a Job in Jenkins?,"A job is a user-configured description of work which
Jenkins should perform, such as building a piece of software."
What is Kubernetes in Jenkins?,"Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source system for
automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It is
used in Jenkins for managing agents."
What is a Label in Jenkins?,"A label is user-defined text for grouping agents,
typically by similar functionality or capability."
What is LTS in Jenkins?,"LTS stands for Long-Term Support, referring to a release
line of Jenkins products that becomes available for downloads every 12 weeks."
What is a Master in Jenkins?,"Master is a deprecated term, synonymous with
Controller."
What is a Node in Jenkins?,A node is a machine which is part of the Jenkins
environment and capable of executing pipelines or jobs. Both the controller and
agents are considered to be nodes.
What is a Pipeline in Jenkins?,"A pipeline is a user-defined model of a continuous
delivery pipeline, used for defining multi-stage deployment pipelines."
What is a Plugin in Jenkins?,A plugin is an extension to Jenkins functionality
provided separately from Jenkins core.
What is a Publisher in Jenkins?,"A publisher is part of a build after the
completion of all configured steps, which publishes reports, sends notifications,
etc."
What is a Resource Root URL in Jenkins?,"A Resource Root URL is a secondary URL
used to serve potentially untrusted content, especially build artifacts. This URL
is distinct from the Jenkins URL."
What is a Release in Jenkins?,A release is an event indicating the availability of
Jenkins distribution products or one of Jenkins plugins. Jenkins products belong
either to LTS or weekly release lines.
What is a Stage in Jenkins?,"A stage is part of Pipeline, used for defining a
conceptually distinct subset of the entire Pipeline, such as ""Build"", ""Test"",
and ""Deploy""."
What is a Step in Jenkins?,A step is a single task; fundamentally steps tell
Jenkins what to do inside of a pipeline or job.
What is a Trigger in Jenkins?,A trigger is a criteria for triggering a new pipeline
run or job.
What is an Update Center in Jenkins?,An Update Center is a hosted inventory of
plugins and plugin metadata to enable plugin installation from within Jenkins.
What is an Upstream in Jenkins?,An upstream is a configured pipeline or job that
triggers a separate pipeline or job as part of its execution.
What is a View in Jenkins?,"A view is a way of displaying the data of Jenkins in a
dashboard style, allowing users to see jobs, trends, and analyze data."
What is a Workspace in Jenkins?,A workspace is a disposable directory on the file
system of a node where work can be done by a pipeline or job. Workspaces are
typically left in place after a build or pipeline run completes unless specific
workspace cleanup policies have been put in place.
What are Shared Libraries in Jenkins?,Shared Libraries in Jenkins are reusable
pieces of code that can be defined in external source control repositories and
loaded into existing Pipelines.
How are Shared Libraries defined?,"Shared Libraries are defined with a name, a
source code retrieval method (such as by SCM), and optionally a default version.
The name should be a short identifier used in scripts, and the version can be
branches, tags, commit hashes, etc."
What is the directory structure of a Shared Library repository?,"The directory
structure includes `src` for Groovy source files, `vars` for script files exposed
as variables in Pipelines, and `resources` for resource files. Additionally, other
directories under the root are reserved for future enhancements."
Where can Global Shared Libraries be configured?,"Global Shared Libraries can be
configured under ""Manage Jenkins » System » Global Pipeline Libraries"", allowing
them to be globally usable by any Pipeline in the system."
How are libraries loaded in Jenkins Pipelines?,"Libraries can be loaded implicitly
if marked as such, or explicitly using the `@Library` annotation in the
`Jenkinsfile`. Additionally, the `library` step can be used to load libraries
dynamically during the build."
How can third-party Java libraries be used in Jenkins Pipelines?,"Third-party Java
libraries can be accessed from trusted library code using the `@Grab` annotation,
which fetches them from Maven Central. However, this approach is not recommended
due to various issues."
What is the recommended approach for accessing third-party libraries in Jenkins
Pipelines?,"Instead of using `@Grab`, it's recommended to create standalone
executables in the language of choice, install them on Jenkins agents, and invoke
them in Pipelines using the `bat` or `sh` step."
How can resources be loaded from external libraries in Jenkins Pipelines?,"External
libraries can load adjunct files from a `resources/` directory using the
`libraryResource` step, which loads the file as a string suitable for passing to
certain APIs or saving to a workspace."
How can Declarative Pipelines be defined in shared libraries?,"Declarative
Pipelines can be defined in shared libraries using the `pipeline` syntax inside
`vars/*.groovy` files and invoked using the `call` method. However, only one
Declarative Pipeline can be executed per build."
How can changes to shared library pull requests be tested?,"Changes to shared
library pull requests can be tested by adding
`@Library('my-shared-library@pull/<your-pr-number>/head') _` at the top of a
library consumer Jenkinsfile, allowing you to check changes on Jenkins instances."
What benefits does creating a `Jenkinsfile` checked into source control
provide?,"Creating a `Jenkinsfile`, which is checked into source control, provides
several immediate benefits:
- It enables code review and iteration on the Pipeline.
 - It creates an audit trail for the Pipeline.
- It establishes a single source of truth for the Pipeline, which can be viewed
and edited by multiple project members."
What are the two syntaxes supported by Pipeline in Jenkins?,"Pipeline supports two
syntaxes: Declarative (introduced in Pipeline 2.5) and Scripted Pipeline. Both
syntaxes are capable of building continuous delivery pipelines and can be used to
define a Pipeline either in the web UI or with a `Jenkinsfile`. However, it's
generally considered a best practice to create a `Jenkinsfile` and check it into
the source control repository."
"What is the purpose of the ""Build"" stage in a Jenkins Pipeline?","The ""Build""
stage in a Jenkins Pipeline typically involves assembling, compiling, or packaging
the source code. It's important to note that the `Jenkinsfile` is not a replacement
for existing build tools such as GNU/Make, Maven, or Gradle, but rather acts as a
glue layer to bind the multiple phases of a project's development lifecycle
together."
How can environment variables be accessed and used within a Jenkins
Pipeline?,"Jenkins Pipeline exposes environment variables via the global variable
`env`, which can be accessed from anywhere within a `Jenkinsfile`. These
environment variables can be used like accessing any key in a Groovy map. For
example, `${env.BUILD_ID}` and `${env.JENKINS_URL}` can be used to access the
current build ID and Jenkins URL, respectively."
What methods are available for setting environment variables in Jenkins
Pipeline?,"Setting environment variables in Jenkins Pipeline can be accomplished
using different methods based on whether Declarative or Scripted Pipeline syntax is
used.
- In Declarative Pipeline, the `environment` directive is used.
- In Scripted Pipeline, the `withEnv` step is used.
These methods allow users to define and manipulate environment variables within the
Pipeline."
How can credentials be handled in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"Credentials in Jenkins
Pipeline can be handled using various methods depending on the type of credentials.
Jenkins' declarative Pipeline syntax provides the `credentials()` helper method
within the `environment` directive, which supports secret text, usernames and
passwords, and secret file credentials. For handling other credential types such as
SSH keys or certificates, Jenkins' *Snippet Generator* feature can be utilized to
generate the appropriate Pipeline step snippets."
How can you combine multiple credentials within a single `withCredentials` step in
Jenkins Pipeline?,"You can use the *Snippet Generator* in Jenkins to bind multiple
credentials to variables within a single `withCredentials( ... ) { ... }` step.
Start by selecting *withCredentials: Bind credentials to variables* from the
*Sample Step* field, then click *Add* under *Bindings* for each credential type you
want to add. Finally, click *Generate Pipeline Script* to get the final
`withCredentials( ... ) { ... }` step snippet."
What are the implications of using single quotes versus double quotes for defining
the `script` parameter in Groovy within Jenkins Pipeline?,"When using single
quotes, the secret within the `script` parameter is expanded by the shell as an
environment variable, which can enhance security. However, with double quotes, the
secret is interpolated by Groovy, potentially leading to accidental disclosure in
typical operating system process listings."
Why is it cautioned against using Groovy string interpolation with credentials in
Jenkins Pipeline?,"Groovy string interpolation with credentials in Jenkins Pipeline
is cautioned against because it can leak sensitive environment variables.
Interpolating sensitive environment variables during Groovy evaluation can
inadvertently expose their values earlier than intended, leading to data leakage in
various contexts."
How can injection of rogue commands into command interpreters be avoided when using
Groovy string interpolation in Jenkins Pipeline?,"To avoid injection of rogue
commands into command interpreters when using Groovy string interpolation in
Jenkins Pipeline, it's essential to ensure that arguments to steps such as `sh`,
`bat`, `powershell`, or `pwsh` that reference parameters or other user-controlled
environment variables use single quotes to prevent Groovy interpolation."
"How can parameters be handled in Jenkins Pipeline, both in Declarative and
Scripted Pipeline?","In Declarative Pipeline, parameters can be configured using
the `parameters` directive, allowing the Pipeline to accept user-specified
parameters at runtime. In Scripted Pipeline, parameters are configured using the
`properties` step, which can be found in the Snippet Generator. Parameters can be
accessed within the Pipeline via `${params.parameterName}`."
How does Declarative Pipeline handle failure handling by default?,"Declarative
Pipeline supports robust failure handling by default through its `post` section,
which allows declaring various ""post conditions"" such as `always`, `unstable`,
`success`, `failure`, and `changed`. These conditions define actions to be taken
based on the outcome of the Pipeline execution."
What is the recommended approach for handling failures in Scripted
Pipeline?,"Scripted Pipeline relies on Groovy's built-in `try`/`catch`/`finally`
semantics for handling failures during execution. An alternative way of handling
failures while preserving the early-exit behavior is to use a series of
`try`/`finally` blocks, ensuring that appropriate actions are taken based on the
outcome of each stage's execution."
How can multiple agents be utilized within the same `Jenkinsfile` in Jenkins
Pipeline?,"Multiple agents can be utilized within the same `Jenkinsfile` in Jenkins
Pipeline by specifying different agents for each stage. This allows for executing
builds/tests across multiple platforms concurrently, enhancing efficiency and
resource utilization."
What is the purpose of the `stash` and `unstash` steps in Jenkins Pipeline?,"The
`stash` step allows capturing files matching an inclusion pattern for reuse within
the same Pipeline. Once the Pipeline completes its execution, stashed files are
deleted from the Jenkins controller. The `unstash` step retrieves the named
""stash"" from the Jenkins controller into the Pipeline's current workspace for
further processing."
How can parallel execution be achieved in Jenkins Pipeline?,"Parallel execution in
Jenkins Pipeline can be achieved using the `parallel` step in Scripted Pipeline.
This step allows portions of the Pipeline to execute concurrently, improving
overall execution time, especially for tasks that can run independently, such as
tests across different platforms."
What is the process for restarting or rerunning a completed Pipeline?,There are
several methods for rerunning or restarting a completed Pipeline.
How can you replay a completed Pipeline?,You can replay a completed Pipeline by
referring to the Replay documentation for more information.
Can you restart a completed Declarative Pipeline from any stage?,"Yes, you can
restart any completed Declarative Pipeline from any top-level stage which ran in
that Pipeline."
What is the process for restarting from a stage in the Classic UI?,"In the Classic
UI, after your Pipeline has completed, you can go to the side panel for the run and
click on ""Restart from Stage."" Then, you can choose from a list of top-level
stages executed in the original run."
How can you restart stages from the Blue Ocean UI?,"In the Blue Ocean UI, after
your Pipeline has completed, you can click on the node representing the stage and
then click on the `Restart` link for that stage."
How can you preserve `stash`es for use with restarted stages?,"To preserve
`stash`es for use with restarted stages, you can configure a maximum number of
completed runs whose `stash` artifacts should be preserved for reuse. This can be
done in the job property section of your Declarative Pipeline's `options`."
What function in Jenkins allows you to schedule jobs to run automatically?,The
scheduling function in Jenkins allows you to schedule jobs to run automatically
during off-hours or down times.
"What is ""Pipeline as Code""?","""Pipeline as Code"" refers to a set of features
in Jenkins that enables users to define job processes using code, which is stored
and versioned in a source repository. This allows Jenkins to automatically
discover, manage, and run jobs for multiple repositories and branches without the
need for manual creation and management."
"What is required to use ""Pipeline as Code""?","To use ""Pipeline as Code,""
projects must contain a file named `Jenkinsfile` in the repository root, which
contains a ""Pipeline script."" Additionally, one of the enabling jobs needs to be
configured in Jenkins, such as Multibranch Pipeline, Organization Folders, or
regular Pipeline jobs with SCM integration."
"What are the benefits of using ""Multibranch Pipeline"" and ""Organization
Folders""?","""Multibranch Pipeline"" and ""Organization Folders"" eliminate the
manual process of creating and managing jobs in Jenkins by automatically detecting
branches and repositories. ""Multibranch Pipeline"" builds multiple branches of a
single repository automatically, while ""Organization Folders"" scan GitHub
Organizations or Bitbucket Teams to discover repositories and create managed
Multibranch Pipeline jobs for them."
What is the purpose of the Jenkinsfile?,"The presence of the `Jenkinsfile` in the
root of a repository makes it eligible for Jenkins to automatically manage and
execute jobs based on repository branches. The `Jenkinsfile` contains a Pipeline
script that specifies the steps to execute the job, allowing for the definition of
complex job processes."
How does folder computation work in Jenkins?,"Folder computation in Jenkins
involves automatically running a process to manage the contents of folders. For
Multibranch Pipeline projects, this process creates child items for each eligible
branch within the folder. For Organization Folders, computation populates child
items for repositories as individual Multibranch Pipelines. Folder computation can
be triggered automatically via webhook callbacks or by a Build Trigger defined in
the configuration."
What are the configuration options available for Multibranch Pipeline projects and
Organization Folders?,"Both Multibranch Pipeline projects and Organization Folders
have configuration options to allow precise selection of repositories. These
options include specifying scan credentials and checkout credentials for accessing
and cloning repositories, respectively. Additionally, configuration options include
specifying repository name patterns, API endpoints, and defining custom properties
for each branch."
How does the Pipeline plugin facilitate Continuous Delivery?,"The Pipeline plugin
in Jenkins allows users to create complex delivery pipelines using a Groovy-based
DSL for job definitions. It provides features such as defining stages, managing
concurrency within stages, manual interventions, and deployment of artifacts. The
plugin enables modeling of the software delivery pipeline and automation of the
entire process, promoting continuous delivery practices within organizations."
What are some prerequisites for implementing Continuous Delivery with
Jenkins?,"Implementing Continuous Delivery with Jenkins requires a mindset and
culture shift within an organization, buy-in from leadership, and mapping the flow
of software from development to production. Additionally, the tool used for
pipeline automation should support zero or low downtime disaster recovery, audit
runs, debug ability, complex pipelines, manual interventions, and restartable
flows."
How does the Pipeline plugin handle stage concurrency and throttling?,"The Pipeline
plugin enhances the stage primitive by allowing users to define concurrency levels
for stages. For example, a stage can have a concurrency level of one, indicating
that only one thread should be running through the stage at any point. This ensures
that deployments and other critical tasks are executed in the correct order and
avoid resource contention."
How does Jenkins support artifact traceability in the context of Continuous
Delivery?,"Jenkins supports artifact traceability through file fingerprinting,
which allows users to trace versions of artifacts from commit to deployment. With
the Pipeline feature, users can fingerprint artifacts by adding a ""fingerprint:
true"" argument to artifact archiving steps in the Pipeline script. This enables
users to track which downstream builds are using any given artifact and trace its
usage throughout the delivery pipeline."
What is the purpose of Multibranch Pipelines in Jenkins?,"Multibranch Pipelines in
Jenkins enable the implementation of different Jenkinsfiles for different branches
of the same project. They automatically discover, manage, and execute Pipelines for
branches that contain a Jenkinsfile in source control, eliminating the need for
manual Pipeline creation and management."
How do you create a Multibranch Pipeline in Jenkins?,"To create a Multibranch
Pipeline in Jenkins:
- Click on ""New Item"" on the Jenkins home page.
- Enter a name for the Pipeline and select ""Multibranch Pipeline.""
- Add a Branch Source (e.g., Git) and provide the repository location.
- Save the Multibranch Pipeline project. Jenkins will automatically scan the
designated repository and create appropriate items for each branch that contains a
Jenkinsfile."
What caution should be observed when naming a Multibranch Pipeline in
Jenkins?,"When naming a Multibranch Pipeline in Jenkins, it's cautioned to avoid
using names that include spaces, as they may uncover bugs in scripts that do not
expect paths to contain spaces."
How does Jenkins handle branch additions or deletions in a Multibranch
Pipeline?,"By default, Jenkins will not automatically re-index the repository for
branch additions or deletions in a Multibranch Pipeline (unless using an
Organization Folder). However, it is often useful to configure a Multibranch
Pipeline to periodically re-index in the configuration settings."
What additional information do Multibranch Pipelines expose about the branch being
built?,"Multibranch Pipelines expose additional information about the branch being
built through the `env` global variable. This includes information such as the name
of the branch (`BRANCH_NAME`) and an identifier corresponding to some kind of
change request (`CHANGE_ID`), such as a pull request number."
How can Multibranch Pipelines be used to support pull/change requests?,"Multibranch
Pipelines can be used for validating pull/change requests with the appropriate
plugin. Plugins like GitHub Branch Source, Bitbucket Branch Source, GitLab Branch
Source, Gitea, and others provide functionality to support this feature. Users
should consult the documentation of these plugins for further information on how to
use them."
What are Organization Folders in Jenkins and how do they function?,"Organization
Folders in Jenkins enable monitoring of entire GitHub Organizations, Bitbucket
Teams/Projects, GitLab organizations, or Gitea organizations. They automatically
create new Multibranch Pipelines for repositories that contain branches and pull
requests with a Jenkinsfile. Organization folders are implemented through specific
plugins for each platform, such as GitHub Branch Source, Bitbucket Branch Source,
GitLab Branch Source, and Gitea."
What is the Pipeline Syntax document about?,"The Pipeline Syntax document provides
a reference for working with Jenkins Pipeline syntax. It builds upon information
introduced in the ""Getting started with Pipeline"" section and serves as a
reference guide for both Declarative and Scripted Pipeline syntaxes."
How is Declarative Pipeline syntax different from Scripted Pipeline
syntax?,"Declarative Pipeline offers a more simplified and opinionated syntax on
top of the Pipeline sub-systems. It enforces specific structures and rules, such as
using a `pipeline { }` block at the top level, no semicolons as statement
separators, and specific block compositions. Scripted Pipeline, on the other hand,
allows for more flexibility and follows Groovy's syntax closely."
What are some limitations of Declarative Pipeline?,"One limitation of Declarative
Pipeline, as of version 2.5 of the Pipeline plugin, is a maximum size restriction
for the code within the `pipeline { }` block. This limitation does not apply to
Scripted Pipelines."
How is the `agent` section used in Declarative Pipeline?,"The `agent` section in
Declarative Pipeline specifies where the entire Pipeline or a specific stage will
execute in the Jenkins environment. It can be defined at the top level inside the
`pipeline` block or within individual `stage` blocks. The `agent` section supports
parameters such as `any`, `none`, `label`, `node`, `docker`, `dockerfile`, and
`kubernetes`, each with its own usage and options."
What are some common options available for the `agent` section in Declarative
Pipeline?,"Common options for the `agent` section in Declarative Pipeline include
`label`, `customWorkspace`, `reuseNode`, and `args`, among others. These options
allow for customization of agent behavior, such as specifying the node label,
custom workspace path, reuse of nodes, and passing runtime arguments to Docker
containers."
How can you define a Docker agent in a Declarative Pipeline?,"To define a Docker
agent in a Declarative Pipeline, you can use the `agent` section with the `docker`
parameter followed by the Docker image name. Additionally, you can specify options
such as `label`, `args`, `registryUrl`, and `registryCredentialsId` for more
customization."
What is the purpose of the `post` section in Declarative Pipeline?,"The `post`
section in Declarative Pipeline defines additional steps to be executed upon the
completion of a Pipeline or a stage. It supports various conditions such as
`always`, `changed`, `fixed`, `aborted`, `failure`, `success`, `unstable`,
`unsuccessful`, and `cleanup`, allowing for conditional execution of steps based on
the completion status of the Pipeline or stage."
What are some available post-conditions in the `post` section of Declarative
Pipeline?,"Available post-conditions in the `post` section of Declarative Pipeline
include `always`, `changed`, `fixed`, `regression`, `aborted`, `failure`,
`success`, `unstable`, `unsuccessful`, and `cleanup`. These conditions determine
when the steps within each condition block are executed based on the completion
status of the Pipeline or stage."
How can you define stages in Declarative Pipeline?,"Stages in Declarative Pipeline
are defined within the `stages` section of the Pipeline block. Each stage typically
represents a discrete part of the continuous delivery process, such as Build, Test,
and Deploy. Stages contain one or more stage directives, each specifying the steps
to be executed within that stage."
What is the purpose of the `steps` section in Declarative Pipeline?,The `steps`
section in Declarative Pipeline defines a series of steps to be executed within a
specific stage. These steps represent the actions or tasks to be performed as part
of the stage's execution. Each step typically corresponds to a single command or
operation to be carried out within the Pipeline.
What is the purpose of the `cron` trigger in Jenkins Pipeline?,The `cron` trigger
accepts a cron-style string to define a regular interval at which the Pipeline
should be re-triggered.
Can you provide an example of using the `cron` trigger in a Declarative
Pipeline?,"Sure, here's an example:

```
pipeline {
agent any
triggers {
cron('H */4 * * 1-5')
}
stages {
stage('Example') {
steps {
echo 'Hello World'
}
}
}
}
```"
How does the `pollSCM` trigger differ from the `cron` trigger?,"The `pollSCM`
trigger also accepts a cron-style string to define a regular interval, but it
specifically checks for new source changes. If new changes exist, the Pipeline will
be re-triggered."
Is there a limitation on the availability of the `pollSCM` trigger?,"Yes, the
`pollSCM` trigger is only available in Jenkins 2.22 or later."
Can you explain the purpose of the `upstream` trigger?,"The `upstream` trigger
accepts a comma-separated string of jobs and a threshold. When any job in the
string finishes with the minimum threshold, the Pipeline will be re-triggered."
Could you provide an example of using the `upstream` trigger?,"Certainly, here's an
example:

```
pipeline {
agent any
triggers {
upstream(upstreamProjects: 'job1,job2', threshold:
hudson.model.Result.SUCCESS)
}
stages {
stage('Example') {
steps {
echo 'Hello World'
}
}
}
}
```"
What is the purpose of the `input` directive in a Jenkins Pipeline?,"The `input`
directive allows you to prompt for input, pausing the Pipeline execution until
input is provided."
Can you explain the configuration options available for the `input`
directive?,"Sure, the `input` directive supports options such as `message`, `id`,
`ok`, `submitter`, `submitterParameter`, and `parameters`. These options control
how the input prompt is presented and processed."
What does the `when` directive in Jenkins Pipeline do?,"The `when` directive allows
the Pipeline to determine whether a stage should be executed based on the given
condition. It can contain multiple conditions, and all conditions must be true for
the stage to execute."
Could you provide an example of using the `when` directive with a single
condition?,"Certainly, here's an example:

```
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Example Build') {
steps {
echo 'Hello World'
}
}
stage('Example Deploy') {
when {
branch 'production'
}
steps {
echo 'Deploying'
}
}
}
}
```"
How can you use nested conditions with the `when` directive?,"Nested conditions in
the `when` directive can be achieved using `allOf`, `anyOf`, or `not`. This allows
for more complex conditional structures in the Pipeline."
What is the purpose of the `parallel` section in Declarative Pipeline?,The
`parallel` section allows nested stages to be run concurrently within a stage.
Can a stage have both `parallel` and `matrix` blocks nested within it?,"No, a stage
cannot have both `parallel` and `matrix` blocks nested within it. It must have one
and only one of `steps`, `stages`, `parallel`, or `matrix`."
How can you ensure that all parallel stages are aborted when any one of them
fails?,You can ensure that all parallel stages are aborted when any one of them
fails by adding `failFast true` to the `stage` containing the `parallel`.
What option can you add to the pipeline definition to make all parallel stages fail
fast?,You can add the `parallelsAlwaysFailFast()` option to the pipeline
definition.
"In a matrix section of a Declarative Pipeline, what is the purpose of the `axes`
section?","The `axes` section defines the values for each axis in the matrix,
generating combinations for the cells."
How can you exclude certain combinations of values from a matrix in a Declarative
Pipeline?,"You can exclude certain combinations of values from a matrix in a
Declarative Pipeline by using the `excludes` section, which specifies `exclude`
filter expressions to remove cells from the matrix."
What directives can be added to a matrix in a Declarative Pipeline to control the
behavior of each cell?,"Directives such as `agent`, `environment`, `input`,
`options`, `post`, `tools`, and `when` can be added to a matrix in a Declarative
Pipeline to control the behavior of each cell."
What is the purpose of the `script` step in Scripted Pipeline?,"The `script` step
allows execution of a block of scripted Pipeline code within a Declarative
Pipeline, providing an ""escape hatch"" for more complex or dynamic scripting
needs."
What are some examples of flow control in Scripted Pipeline?,Examples of flow
control in Scripted Pipeline include conditional statements (`if/else`) and
exception handling (`try/catch`).
What is Jenkins Pipeline?,"Jenkins Pipeline is a suite of plugins that supports
implementing and integrating continuous delivery pipelines into Jenkins. It
provides an extensible set of tools for modeling delivery pipelines ""as code"" via
the Pipeline DSL."
What are the prerequisites for using Jenkins Pipeline?,"To use Jenkins Pipeline,
you will need Jenkins 2.x or later, along with the Pipeline plugin, which is
installed as part of the ""suggested plugins"" during the Post-installation setup
wizard after installing Jenkins."
How can a Pipeline be created in Jenkins?,"A Pipeline can be created in one of the
following ways:
1. Through Blue Ocean: Using the graphical Pipeline editor in Blue Ocean to set
up and automatically create the Jenkinsfile.
2. Through the classic UI: Entering a basic Pipeline directly in Jenkins through
the classic UI.
3. In SCM: Writing a Jenkinsfile manually and committing it to the project's
source control repository."
What is the difference between Declarative and Scripted Pipeline?,"Both Declarative
and Scripted Pipeline are DSLs (Domain-specific languages) to describe portions of
the software delivery pipeline. Scripted Pipeline is written in a limited form of
Groovy syntax, while Declarative Pipeline provides a more structured approach."
How can a basic Pipeline be created through the classic UI?,"To create a basic
Pipeline through the classic UI:
1. Navigate to the Jenkins home page and click on ""New Item.""
2. Specify the name for the new Pipeline project and choose the ""Pipeline""
option.
3. Enter the Pipeline code into the Script text area or select from canned
Scripted Pipeline examples.
4. Save the Pipeline project and click ""Build Now"" to run the Pipeline."
What is the purpose of the Snippet Generator in Jenkins Pipeline?,"The Snippet
Generator utility helps create code snippets for individual steps, discover new
steps provided by plugins, or experiment with different parameters for a particular
step. It is dynamically populated with a list of available steps based on installed
plugins."
Where can the built-in documentation for Pipeline be found?,"The built-in
documentation for Pipeline can be found globally at `${YOUR_JENKINS_URL}/pipeline-
syntax`, or it is linked as ""Pipeline Syntax"" in the sidebar for any configured
Pipeline project."
What are some key resources for developing Jenkins Pipelines?,"Some key resources
for developing Jenkins Pipelines include built-in documentation and the Snippet
Generator, which provide detailed help and information customized to the currently
installed version of Jenkins and related plugins."
How can a Declarative Pipeline be validated from the command line?,A Declarative
Pipeline can be validated from the command line using Jenkins CLI command or by
making an HTTP POST request with appropriate parameters. It's recommended to use
the SSH interface to run the linter.
What is the purpose of the Blue Ocean Pipeline Editor?,"The Blue Ocean Pipeline
Editor provides a WYSIWYG way to create Declarative Pipelines. It offers a
structural view of all the stages, parallel branches, and steps in a Pipeline, and
it validates Pipeline changes as they are made."
"What is the ""Replay"" feature in Jenkins Pipeline?","The ""Replay"" feature
allows for quick modifications and execution of an existing Pipeline without
changing the Pipeline configuration or creating a new commit. It enables rapid
iteration and prototyping of a Pipeline."
What IDE integrations are available for Jenkins Pipeline development?,"IDE
integrations for Jenkins Pipeline development include Eclipse Jenkins Editor,
VisualStudio Code Jenkins Pipeline Linter Connector, Neovim nvim-jenkinsfile-linter
plugin, Atom linter-jenkins package, and Sublime Text Jenkinsfile package. These
tools provide features such as syntax highlighting, validation, and integration
with Jenkins servers for testing Pipelines."
What is the purpose of this document on Pipeline Best Practices?,The purpose of
this document is to provide a selection of best practices for pipelines and to
highlight common mistakes. It aims to guide pipeline authors and maintainers
towards patterns that result in better Pipeline execution while steering them away
from pitfalls they might otherwise encounter.
How can Groovy code be utilized in Jenkins Pipelines?,"Groovy code should be used
in Jenkins Pipelines primarily to connect a set of actions rather than serving as
the main functionality of the Pipeline. Instead of relying solely on Pipeline
functionality to drive the build process forward, single steps like `sh` can be
used to accomplish multiple parts of the build. This approach helps in managing
resources efficiently."
What is the significance of running shell scripts in Jenkins Pipeline?,"Running
shell scripts within Jenkins Pipeline can simplify builds by combining multiple
steps into a single stage. It offers the flexibility to add or update commands
without modifying each step or stage separately, thereby enhancing the build
process."
How can the repetition of similar Pipeline steps be reduced?,"The repetition of
similar Pipeline steps can be reduced by combining them into single steps wherever
possible. This approach minimizes the overhead caused by the Pipeline execution
engine, as fewer connections and resources are required to start and stop the
steps."
What are some recommendations for dealing with concurrency in Pipelines?,"To handle
concurrency in Pipelines effectively, it's advisable not to share workspaces across
multiple Pipeline executions or distinct Pipelines. Instead, use distinct
containers or shared volumes to create needed resources from scratch. Avoid
disabling concurrency or locking workspaces during execution to prevent potential
blockages and slower build times."
How can Pipeline durability affect the occurrence of
`NotSerializableException`?,"Changing the Pipeline's durability setting, such as
decreasing it to PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZED, can result in `NotSerializableException`
not being thrown where they otherwise would have been. This is because decreasing
durability means that the pipeline's current state is persisted less frequently,
thus avoiding attempts to serialize non-serializable values and preventing
exceptions. However, it's not recommended to set the Pipeline's durability purely
to avoid serializability issues."
What is the primary purpose of using Docker with Pipeline?,Using Docker with
Pipeline allows organizations to unify their build and test environments across
machines and provides an efficient mechanism for deploying applications. It enables
users to define the tools required for their Pipeline without manually configuring
agents.
How can Docker be utilized within a Jenkinsfile?,Docker can be used within a
Jenkinsfile by specifying Docker images as the execution environment for a single
stage or the entire Pipeline. Users can easily utilize any tool packaged in a
Docker container by making minor edits to the Jenkinsfile.
How does Jenkins execute Dockerized stages by default?,"By default, Jenkins picks
an agent, creates a new empty workspace, clones the pipeline code into it, and
mounts this new workspace into the container for a Dockerized stage. If multiple
Jenkins agents are available, the containerized stage can be started on any of
them."
What option is available for keeping the workspace synchronized with other stages
in a Dockerized stage?,"To keep the workspace synchronized with other stages, users
can set `reuseNode true`. Alternatively, a Dockerized stage can run on the same
agent or any other agent, but in a temporary workspace."
How can data caching be implemented for Docker containers in Pipeline runs?,"Users
can specify custom Docker Volumes to mount for caching data on the agent between
Pipeline runs. For example, the `args` parameter in a Docker agent block can be
used to specify Docker Volumes for caching dependencies between Pipeline runs."
What is the advantage of using multiple containers in a Pipeline?,"Using multiple
containers in a Pipeline allows for the utilization of different technologies
within the same Jenkinsfile. This enables the execution of stages requiring
different environments, such as a Java-based back-end API and a JavaScript-based
front-end implementation, in parallel."
How can a Dockerfile be used in conjunction with Pipeline?,"Pipeline supports
building and running a container from a Dockerfile in the source repository. By
utilizing the `agent { dockerfile true }` syntax, a new image can be built from a
Dockerfile, rather than pulling one from Docker Hub."
How can a custom Docker Registry be used in Scripted Pipeline?,"Users of Scripted
Pipeline can utilize a custom Docker Registry by wrapping steps with the
`withRegistry()` method and passing in the custom Registry URL. If authentication
is required, users can add a ""Username/Password"" Credentials item in Jenkins and
use the Credentials ID as a second argument to `withRegistry()`."
What is Jenkins Pipeline?,"Jenkins Pipeline (or simply ""Pipeline"" with a capital
""P"") is a suite of plugins which supports implementing and integrating continuous
delivery pipelines into Jenkins."
What is the purpose of a continuous delivery (CD) pipeline?,"A continuous delivery
(CD) pipeline is an automated expression of the process for getting software from
version control right through to users and customers. It involves building the
software in a reliable and repeatable manner, as well as progressing the built
software through multiple stages of testing and deployment."
How is a Jenkins Pipeline defined?,"A Jenkins Pipeline is defined using a text file
called a ""Jenkinsfile"", which can be committed to a project's source control
repository. This allows for versioning, review, and iteration of the pipeline
alongside the rest of the project's code."
What are the benefits of defining a Jenkins Pipeline in a Jenkinsfile?,"-
Automatically creates a Pipeline build process for all branches and pull requests.
- Allows for code review and iteration on the Pipeline alongside the rest of the
source code.
- Provides an audit trail for the Pipeline.
- Establishes a single source of truth for the Pipeline, which can be viewed and
edited by multiple members of the project."
What are the differences between Declarative and Scripted Pipeline
syntax?,"Declarative Pipeline syntax provides richer syntactical features and is
designed to make writing and reading Pipeline code easier. Scripted Pipeline
syntax, on the other hand, relies on one or more ""node"" blocks to define the core
work of the Pipeline and allows for more flexibility in coding."
What are the key aspects of Jenkins Pipeline?,"Key aspects of Jenkins Pipeline
include Pipeline, Node, Stage, and Step. These elements define the structure and
execution flow of a Pipeline, allowing for the modeling of complex continuous
delivery processes."
How can Declarative Pipeline syntax be used to define stages in a Jenkins
Pipeline?,"Declarative Pipeline syntax utilizes a ""pipeline"" block to define all
the work done throughout the entire Pipeline. Within this block, ""stage"" blocks
are used to define conceptually distinct subsets of tasks performed through the
Pipeline, such as ""Build"", ""Test"", and ""Deploy"" stages."
"What is the purpose of the ""node"" block in Scripted Pipeline syntax?","In
Scripted Pipeline syntax, the ""node"" block is used to define a machine within the
Jenkins environment capable of executing a Pipeline. It schedules the steps
contained within the block to run and creates a workspace specific to that
particular Pipeline."
How can a Jenkins Pipeline be implemented to handle conditional execution of
stages?,"Conditional execution of stages in a Jenkins Pipeline can be achieved
using scripting constructs such as conditional statements. For example, in Scripted
Pipeline syntax, the ""if"" statement can be used to conditionally execute a stage
based on the result of a previous step or stage."
What is Groovy CPS and how does it relate to Jenkins Pipeline?,"Groovy CPS is a
library used by Jenkins Pipeline to run Pipeline scripts. Unlike a regular Groovy
environment, Jenkins Pipeline runs most of the program inside a special interpreter
using a continuation-passing style (CPS) transform. This transform allows the
program to save its current state to disk and continue running even after Jenkins
has restarted."
What are the limitations of Groovy language constructs supported by Groovy
CPS?,"While Groovy CPS is usually transparent to users, there are limitations to
what Groovy language constructs can be supported. For example, some constructs may
lead to counterintuitive behavior, and certain methods or code blocks may not be
compatible with the CPS transform."
What types of code are CPS-transformed in Jenkins Pipeline?,"Almost all of the
Pipeline script written by users, including in libraries, and most Pipeline steps
(including those which take a block) are CPS-transformed."
What types of code are not CPS-transformed in Jenkins Pipeline?,"Compiled Java
bytecode, including the Java Platform, Jenkins core and plugins, and the runtime
for the Groovy language, are not CPS-transformed. Additionally, constructor bodies
in Pipeline scripts, methods marked with the `@NonCPS` annotation, and a few
Pipeline steps such as `echo` or `properties` that act instantaneously are not CPS-
transformed."
What is the consequence of calling CPS-transformed code from non-CPS-transformed
code in Jenkins Pipeline?,"Calling CPS-transformed code from non-CPS-transformed
code can result in incorrect and often confusing behavior. The CPS interpreter is
unable to operate correctly in such scenarios, leading to anomalous results."
How can users fix the issue of calling Pipeline steps from a method annotated with
`@NonCPS`?,"Users should remove the `@NonCPS` annotation from methods that call
Pipeline steps, as this annotation is not needed and may lead to anomalous
behavior."
What is a common problem related to calling non-CPS-transformed methods with CPS-
transformed arguments?,"Some Groovy and Java methods take complex types as
parameters, and passing CPS-transformed arguments to these methods may result in
unexpected behavior. Users should ensure that any arguments passed to such methods
are not CPS-transformed."
How can users fix the issue of using closures inside `GString` in Jenkins Pipeline
scripts?,Users should replace closures inside `GString` with a closure that returns
a `GString` that uses a normal expression rather than a closure. This helps avoid
unexpected CPS transformation of closures inside `GString`.
What are the main bottlenecks in Pipeline?,One of the main bottlenecks in Pipeline
is that it writes transient data to disk frequently so that running pipelines can
handle an unexpected Jenkins restart or system crash.
How does Pipeline address the performance cost of durability?,"Pipeline includes
features to let users improve performance by reducing how much data is written to
disk and how often it is written, at a small cost to durability."
How can users enable performance-optimized modes for Pipelines?,"Users need to
explicitly set a Speed/Durability Setting for Pipelines to enable performance-
optimized modes. This can be done globally, per pipeline job, or per-branch for a
multibranch project."
What factors indicate that higher-performance durability settings may
help?,"Higher-performance durability settings may help if the Jenkins instance uses
NFS, magnetic storage, runs many Pipelines at once, or shows high iowait. They also
help if Pipelines have many steps, store large files or complex data to variables,
or spend time waiting for shell/batch scripts to finish."
What is the trade-off involved in durability settings?,The trade-off involves a
balance between speed and durability. Higher-performance modes reduce disk I/O but
carry a risk of losing data if Pipelines do not finish and Jenkins is not shut down
gracefully.
What are the different durability settings available in Pipeline?,"The durability
settings available are:
1. Performance-optimized mode (""PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZED"")
2. Maximum durability (""MAX_SURVIVABILITY"")
3. Less durable, a bit faster (""SURVIVABLE_NONATOMIC"")"
What are the suggested best practices for using durability settings?,"- Use the
""performance-optimized"" mode for most pipelines.
- Use ""maximum durability"" or ""less durable"" mode when a guaranteed record of
execution is needed.
- Set a global default of ""performance-optimized"" and adjust settings as needed
for specific jobs or branches.
- Force a Pipeline to persist data by pausing it when necessary."
What are some other scaling suggestions for Pipeline?,"- Use @NonCPS-annotated
functions for complex work.
- Run Jenkins with fast SSD-backed storage.
- Simplify Pipeline code and reduce the number of steps run.
- Limit the amount of data written to logs by Pipelines.
- Use the latest versions of Pipeline plugins and Script Security.
- Consider writing short scripts for complex processes.
- Use garbage collection tuning options for Jenkins instances with more than 6 GB
of heap."
How can Jenkins' appearance be customized with themes?,"Jenkins' appearance can be
customized with themes through plugins, as it's not a part of the Jenkins core."
What are some built-in themes available for Jenkins?,"Some built-in themes for
Jenkins include the Dark Theme Plugin, Material Theme Plugin, and Solarized Theme
Plugin."
How can administrators set the default theme for a Jenkins
installation?,"Administrators can set the default theme for a Jenkins installation
via ""Manage Jenkins > System > Built-in Themes"" using the Theme Manager Plugin."
How can users set their preferred theme in Jenkins?,Users can set their preferred
theme in Jenkins by configuring their personal settings.
What plugin allows for fully customizing Jenkins' appearance?,The Simple Theme
Plugin allows for fully customizing Jenkins' appearance by providing custom CSS and
JavaScript files.
How can the login screen in Jenkins be customized?,The login screen in Jenkins can
be customized by installing the Login Theme Plugin.
What is the support policy for Jenkins themes?,"Jenkins themes are provided ""as
is"", without warranty of any kind. Compatibility issues may arise due to updates
in Jenkins core, plugins, or other components."
What efforts are being made to improve Jenkins' look-and-feel?,"There is an ongoing
effort focused on improving Jenkins' look-and-feel, accessibility, and user
experience, coordinated by the Jenkins User Experience SIG."
How can users report compatibility issues with themes?,"Users can report discovered
compatibility issues with themes to theme maintainers and submit patches. However,
bug reports involving broken UI elements with a custom theme may be rejected by the
Jenkins core/plugins."
What recommendations are provided for theme developers?,"Theme developers are
encouraged to version themes with tags on Git, maintain changelogs with explicit
references to changes, and define an OSI-approved open source license for their
themes."
Where does Jenkins store its global configuration?,Jenkins stores its global
configuration in files on the Jenkins controller.
How can the Jenkins home directory be accessed from the Jenkins configuration
pages?,The Jenkins home directory can be accessed from *Manage Jenkins* > *System*
under the *Home directory* heading.
What is the default location of the Jenkins home directory on Windows?,"On Windows,
the default location of the Jenkins home directory is `C:\ProgramData\
Jenkins\.jenkins`."
How can the location of the Jenkins home directory be changed?,The location of the
Jenkins home directory can be changed by setting the `JENKINS_HOME` environment
variable or Java system property.
What steps are involved in changing the location of the Jenkins home directory?,"To
change the location of the Jenkins home directory:
1. Stop Jenkins completely.
2. Move the contents from the old `JENKINS_HOME` to the new location.
3. Set the `JENKINS_HOME` variable to the new location.
4. Restart Jenkins."
What is the directory structure of the Jenkins home directory?,"The directory
structure of the Jenkins home directory typically includes directories such as
""builds"", ""jobs"", ""plugins"", ""secrets"", ""userContent"", and ""workspace"",
among others."
What is the purpose of Jenkins CLI?,"Jenkins CLI allows users and administrators to
access Jenkins from a script or shell environment, facilitating scripting of
routine tasks, bulk updates, troubleshooting, and more."
How can the CLI be accessed in a Jenkins environment?,"The CLI can be accessed over
SSH or with the Jenkins CLI client, a `.jar` file distributed with Jenkins."
How can administrators determine the randomly assigned SSH port in a Jenkins
installation?,Administrators can determine the randomly assigned SSH port by
inspecting the headers returned on a Jenkins URL or by checking the Security page
in Jenkins.
What authentication method does SSH mode for the CLI rely on?,Authentication in SSH
mode relies on SSH-based public/private key authentication.
How can users trigger a job or Pipeline using the CLI?,"Users can trigger a job or
Pipeline using the `build` command, passing the name of the job as an argument."
What is the purpose of the `console` command in the Jenkins CLI?,"The `console`
command retrieves the console output for the specified build or Pipeline run,
allowing users to view detailed information about the execution."
How can users list their credentials and permissions using the CLI?,Users can use
the `who-am-i` command to list their credentials and permissions available in the
Jenkins environment.
What are the different connection modes available for using the CLI client?,"The
CLI client can be used in WebSocket, HTTP, or SSH connection modes."
What are some common problems that users may encounter when using the CLI
client?,"Common problems include issues with server key validation,
UsernameNotFoundException due to invalid usernames, and troubleshooting
authentication logs."
What is the Jenkins Script Console?,The Jenkins Script Console is a feature that
allows users to run arbitrary Groovy scripts within the Jenkins controller runtime
or on agents.
How is access to the Jenkins Script Console controlled?,Access to the Jenkins
Script Console is controlled by the `Administer` permission.
What capabilities does Groovy offer within the Jenkins Script Console?,"Groovy
within the Jenkins Script Console offers the ability to create sub-processes,
execute arbitrary commands on the Jenkins controller and agents, read files
accessible to the Jenkins controller on the host, and decrypt credentials
configured within Jenkins."
Why is it important to secure Jenkins instances?,"It is important to secure Jenkins
instances because granting a user access to the Script Console essentially gives
them administrator rights within Jenkins, allowing them to configure settings,
disable security, or even open backdoors on the host operating system."
How can the Script Console be accessed on the Jenkins controller?,"The Script
Console on the controller can be accessed from ""Manage Jenkins"" > ""Script
Console"" or by visiting the sub-URL `/script` on the Jenkins instance."
Can scripts be run from the controller Script Console on individual agents?,"Yes,
scripts can be run from the controller Script Console on individual agents using
specific commands."
How can files be read and written directly on the controller or agents via the
controller Script Console?,Files can be read and written directly on the controller
or agents via the controller Script Console using Groovy scripts.
How can Jenkins Admins execute groovy scripts remotely?,Jenkins Admins can execute
groovy scripts remotely by sending an HTTP POST request to `/script/` url or
`/scriptText/`.
What is Jenkins Configuration as Code (JCasC)?,"Jenkins Configuration as Code
(JCasC) is a feature that allows defining Jenkins configuration parameters in a
human-readable YAML file, which can be stored as source code."
How does JCasC capture configuration parameters for Jenkins?,It captures
configuration parameters and values used when configuring Jenkins from the web UI
in a YAML file.
What are some benefits of using JCasC?,"JCasC provides convenience and flexibility
in configuring Jenkins controllers without using the UI. It simplifies
configuration by not requiring more understanding of parameters than configuring
Jenkins through the UI, and it offers checks on provided values."
How can the JCasC configuration file be managed?,"The JCasC configuration file can
be checked into a Source Code Management (SCM) system, allowing tracking of
modifications and easy rollback to previous configurations if necessary."
What plugin must be installed on the Jenkins controller to use JCasC?,"The
""Configuration as Code"" plugin must be installed on the Jenkins controller."
What are the default sections of the JCasC YAML file?,"The default sections of the
JCasC YAML file are `jenkins`, `tool`, `unclassified`, and `credentials`."
How can the JCasC YAML file be modified?,The JCasC YAML file can be modified using
a text editor. Changes can be applied by saving the file and reloading the
configuration in Jenkins.
Is it necessary to restart Jenkins to apply JCasC changes?,"It's not necessary to
restart Jenkins to apply JCasC changes, although it's recommended to do so before
checking modified YAML files into SCM, especially for more substantive
configuration changes."
Can JCasC configuration be stored in SCM?,"Yes, JCasC configuration files can be
stored in SCM, providing a history of changes and allowing for easy rollback."
Where is the default location of the JCasC YAML file?,"By default, the JCasC YAML
file is located in `$JENKINS_HOME/jenkins.yaml`."
What problem arises when spawning a process from a build that outlives the build
itself?,"In older releases of Jenkins, when a build spawned a process that
continued to run after the build completed, Jenkins didn't terminate the build but
instead printed a warning message."
Why does this problem occur?,"This problem occurs because file descriptors used
between processes in a build are not properly closed by some daemons, causing
Jenkins to not receive an end-of-file (EOF) signal when the child process exits."
How does Jenkins handle the situation when a build spawns a process that outlives
the build itself?,"Jenkins detects this situation and, instead of blocking
indefinitely, it prints out a warning and terminates the build."
What are some workarounds for this problem on Unix systems?,One workaround is to
use a wrapper like `daemonize` to ensure proper behavior of the spawned daemon
process. Another option is to start Jenkins with `-
Dhudson.util.ProcessTree.disable=true`.
What workaround can be used on Windows systems to launch a process in the
background?,"On Windows systems, one workaround is to use the `at` command to
launch a process in the background. Another option is to use a wrapper script to
run an executable detached in the background from Ant's `<exec>` task."
How can a self-provided wrapper script be called from Ant on Windows systems?,The
self-provided wrapper script can be called from Ant by using the `<exec>` task with
`cscript.exe` and passing the wrapper script as an argument along with the real
executable to run in the background.
What is another workaround for Windows systems involving scheduling a permanent
task?,Another workaround is to schedule a permanent task using `SCHTASKS` and then
force running it from the Ant script using another `<exec>` task.
What are the components involved in distributed builds in Jenkins?,"The components
involved in distributed builds in Jenkins include nodes, agents, and executors."
What is the Jenkins controller responsible for?,"The Jenkins controller is
responsible for managing tasks such as configuration, authorization, and
authentication, as well as serving HTTP requests. It also acts as the ""brain"" for
deciding how, when, and where to run tasks."
What are nodes in Jenkins?,"Nodes in Jenkins are the machines on which build agents
run. Jenkins monitors each attached node for various parameters such as disk space,
free temp space, and response time. Nodes can be either agents or built-in nodes."
What is the difference between agents and built-in nodes in Jenkins?,"Agents are
external processes that manage task execution on behalf of the Jenkins controller,
while built-in nodes exist within the controller process itself. Using agents is
preferred over using built-in nodes for security, performance, and scalability
reasons."
What is an executor in Jenkins?,An executor is a slot for the execution of tasks in
Jenkins. It is effectively a thread in the agent and determines the number of
concurrent tasks that can run.
How can you create agents in Jenkins?,"Agents in Jenkins can be created statically
or dynamically through systems like Kubernetes, OpenShift, Amazon EC2, Azure,
Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Oracle Cloud, and other cloud providers."
What is one method to launch an inbound agent via Windows Scheduler?,One method to
launch an inbound agent via Windows Scheduler is to create a scheduled task that
runs the command required to launch the agent at system startup. This ensures that
the agent is automatically started when Windows starts.
How can you install a Jenkins agent on Windows using the command line?,"You can
install a Jenkins agent on Windows using the command line by downloading the
agent.jar file, ensuring that Java is installed, and then running the agent command
manually or creating a scheduled task to run the command at system startup."
What is the purpose of creating a macOS agent for Jenkins?,"The purpose of creating
a macOS agent for Jenkins is to enable Jenkins to perform operations on macOS
systems, allowing for distributed builds across different operating systems."
What plugins in Jenkins allow users to execute Groovy scripts within Jenkins?,"The
Script Console, Jenkins Pipeline, Extended Email plugin, Groovy plugin (when using
the ""Execute system Groovy script"" step), and JobDSL plugin (version 1.60 and
later) allow users to execute Groovy scripts within Jenkins."
How does Jenkins protect itself from the execution of malicious scripts?,"Jenkins
protects itself from the execution of malicious scripts by executing user-provided
scripts in a Groovy sandbox that limits access to internal APIs. Additionally, the
Script Security plugin provides a mechanism for administrators to approve or deny
unsafe methods through the In-process Script Approval feature."
What is the purpose of the Groovy Sandbox in Jenkins?,"The Groovy Sandbox in
Jenkins is designed to restrict the execution of scripts to a subset of Groovy's
methods that are deemed sufficiently safe for ""untrusted"" access. It is enabled
by default for Jenkins Pipelines and helps prevent the execution of unauthorized
methods."
How does Jenkins handle scripts that attempt to use unauthorized features or
methods?,"Jenkins halts the execution of scripts that attempt to use unauthorized
features or methods. Scripts using the Groovy Sandbox are immediately halted when
unauthorized methods are invoked, and scripts outside the sandbox require manual
approval by an administrator."
What options does the Script Approval feature in Jenkins provide?,"The Script
Approval feature in Jenkins provides three options: Approve, Deny, and ""Approve
assuming permissions check."" The ""Approve assuming permissions check"" option
allows the approval of method signatures based on the permissions of the user
running the script."
Why is it important to carefully consider approving scripts in Jenkins?,It is
important to carefully consider approving scripts in Jenkins because script
approval applies to any Jenkins feature or plugin that integrates with script
approval. Approval should be granted cautiously to ensure that any user-supplied
parameters cannot be exploited to compromise the Jenkins instance.
"What is the purpose of the ""Monitors"" section at the top of the Manage Jenkins
page?","The ""Monitors"" section at the top of the Manage Jenkins page alerts users
when a new version of the Jenkins software or a security update is available. Each
monitor provides a description of the reported issue and links to additional
information."
How can users access inline help on most Manage Jenkins pages?,Users can access
inline help on most Manage Jenkins pages by selecting the `?` icon located to the
right of each field. Clicking the `?` icon again will hide the help text.
What screens are included in the System Configuration group of Manage Jenkins?,"The
screens included in the System Configuration group of Manage Jenkins are:
1. System
2. Tools
3. Plugins
4. Nodes and Clouds
5. Configuration as Code (appears only when the corresponding plugin is installed)"
What screens are included in the Security group of Manage Jenkins?,"The screens
included in the Security group of Manage Jenkins are:
1. Security
2. Manage Credentials
3. Credential Providers
4. Users"
What screens are included in the Status Information group of Manage Jenkins?,"The
screens included in the Status Information group of Manage Jenkins are:
1. System Information
2. System Log
3. Load Statistics
4. About Jenkins"
"What action does the ""Prepare for Shutdown"" tool perform in Jenkins?","The
""Prepare for Shutdown"" tool in Jenkins prevents new builds from starting,
indicating to users that the system is about to be shut down safely. It displays a
red banner with a custom message."
What is the purpose of the `debug.YUI` property?,It determines whether to use
minified or debug JavaScript files for the YUI library.
What is the significance of the `executable-war` property?,"It specifies the path
to `jenkins.war` when invoked as `java -jar jenkins.war`, allowing Jenkins to find
its own `.war` file for updates."
How does the `hudson.bundled.plugins` property function?,"It specifies a location
for additional bundled plugins during plugin development, primarily used during
plugin development with `hpi:run`."
What does the `hudson.ClassicPluginStrategy.noBytecodeTransformer` property do?,"It
disables the bytecode transformer that retains compatibility at runtime after
changing public Java APIs, although it has no effect since Jenkins version 2.296."
Explain the purpose of the `hudson.ClassicPluginStrategy.useAntClassLoader`
property.,"This property specifies whether to use `AntClassLoader` or
`URLClassLoader`, with a default setting that changed in Jenkins version 2.347."
What is the role of the `hudson.cli.CLI.pingInterval` property?,"It sets the
client-side HTTP CLI ping interval in milliseconds for the CLI client (`java -jar
jenkins-cli.jar`), not the Jenkins server process."
How does the `hudson.cli.CLIAction.ALLOW_WEBSOCKET` property impact CLI access?,"It
acts as an escape hatch for security measures, specifically concerning WebSocket
connections for CLI access, allowing or restricting access based on `Origin` header
checks."
Describe the function of the `hudson.cli.CLICommand.allowAtSyntax` property.,"It
serves as an escape hatch for security measures, addressing a security advisory,
specifically related to allowing or disallowing certain syntax in CLI commands."
What does the `hudson.ConsoleNote.INSECURE` property control?,"It determines
whether unsigned console notes are loaded, with implications for security,
particularly regarding persisted cross-site scripting vulnerabilities."
Explain the purpose of the `hudson.consoleTailKB` property.,"It defines the amount
of console log to display in default console view in kilobytes, with variations in
its behavior across different versions of Jenkins."
What does the `hudson.script.noCache` configuration parameter control?,"It controls
whether Jenkins will reference resource files through the `/static/.../` URL space,
preventing their caching. It is set to `true` during development by default and
`false` otherwise."
What is the purpose of the `hudson.search.Search.MAX_SEARCH_SIZE` parameter?,It
limits the number of results a search can render.
What does `hudson.security.AccessDeniedException2.REPORT_GROUP_HEADERS`
control?,"If set to true, it restores pre-2.46 behavior of sending HTTP headers on
""access denied"" pages listing group memberships."
What does the `hudson.security.csrf.requestfield` parameter specify?,It specifies
the parameter name that contains a crumb value on POST requests.
What is the purpose of the `hudson.slaves.ChannelPinger.pingIntervalSeconds`
parameter?,"It specifies the frequency of pings between the controller and agents,
in seconds."
What does `hudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.recurrencePeriod` control?,It specifies
how frequently nodes may possibly be provisioned.
What does `hudson.util.StreamTaskListener.AUTO_FLUSH` configure?,It configures
whether Jenkins automatically flushes streams for code running remotely on agents
for better performance.
What is the purpose of `hudson.widgets.HistoryWidget.threshold`?,It specifies how
many builds to show in the build history side panel widget.
What does `jenkins.CLI.disabled` do?,"It disables Jenkins CLI via JNLP and HTTP,
while SSHD can still be enabled. However, this feature has had no effect since
version 2.165."
How can you adjust the concurrency of Jenkins during startup?,"You can adjust the
concurrency of Jenkins during startup by setting the
`jenkins.InitReactorRunner.concurrency` property. By default, it's set to 2 times
the number of CPUs."
What is the purpose of `jenkins.install.runSetupWizard`?,"Setting
`jenkins.install.runSetupWizard` to `false` skips the installation wizard. However,
it leaves Jenkins unsecured. During development mode, setting it to `true` prevents
skipping the setup wizard. This property only takes effect the first time Jenkins
is run in a given `JENKINS_HOME`."
How can you configure the behavior concerning the API Token creation for the
initial admin account during SetupWizard installation?,"You can configure this
behavior using the `jenkins.install.SetupWizard.adminInitialApiToken` property.
Depending on the provided value, a token can be generated randomly, set to a fixed
value, or read from a file."
What is the purpose of
`jenkins.model.Jenkins.additionalReadablePaths`?,`jenkins.model.Jenkins.additionalR
eadablePaths` allows specifying additional top-level path segments that should be
accessible to users without Overall/Read permission.
How can you change the directory layout for job workspaces on the Jenkins
controller node?,"You can change the directory layout for job workspaces on the
Jenkins controller node by using the `jenkins.model.Jenkins.workspacesDir`
property. It supports placeholders like `${JENKINS_HOME}`, `${ITEM_FULL_NAME}`,
etc."
What is the significance of
`jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPort`?,"`jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPort`
specifies the default TCP agent port unless configured differently on the UI. `-1`
disables it, `0` sets it to a random port, and other values fix the port."
How can you enforce the specified `jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPort` on
startup?,You can enforce the specified `jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPort` on
startup by setting `jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPortEnforce` to `true`.
What does `jenkins.model.Jenkins.buildsDir`
control?,"`jenkins.model.Jenkins.buildsDir` controls the location of builds for a
given job. By default, it's `${ITEM_ROOTDIR}/builds`, but it can be customized."
What is the purpose of
`jenkins.model.Jenkins.parallelLoad`?,`jenkins.model.Jenkins.parallelLoad` loads
job configurations in parallel on startup.
How can you disable crumb proxy compatibility when running the Setup Wizard for the
first time?,You can disable crumb proxy compatibility by setting
`jenkins.model.Jenkins.crumbIssuerProxyCompatibility` to `false` during the Setup
Wizard for the first time.
How can the system time zone be changed in Jenkins?,"The system time zone
configuration, which is the default time zone displayed by Jenkins, can be changed
by setting the appropriate system properties. You can start Jenkins with a specific
time zone using the java system property
`org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.fmt.timeZone`, where TZ is a java.util.TimeZone ID,
such as ""Europe/Paris."" Additionally, on Linux systems, you can edit the
`jenkins.service` file and add the `Environment` variable with the desired time
zone. On FreeBSD, you edit the `/etc/rc.conf` file, and on Windows, you edit the
`jenkins.xml` file. You can also set it using the Jenkins Script Console or include
it in a Post-initialization script for permanent changes."
How can a user-defined time zone be set in Jenkins?,"A user-defined time zone for
the account can be set from the ""Configure"" option in the user settings. This
allows users to personalize their time zone settings within Jenkins."
What is the alternative to using `org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.fmt.timeZone` for
setting the time zone in Jenkins?,"An alternative to using
`org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.fmt.timeZone` is to use the `user.timezone` java
system property. However, it's important to note that using
`+user.timezone=Europe/Paris+` can potentially interfere with other contexts."
What are plugins in the context of Jenkins?,"Plugins in Jenkins are tools used to
enhance its functionality to meet specific organizational or user needs. They
integrate various build tools, cloud providers, analysis tools, and more, with over
a thousand different plugins available for installation."
How can plugins be installed in Jenkins?,"Plugins can be installed in Jenkins
through two methods: using the ""Plugin Manager"" in the web UI or using the
Jenkins CLI `install-plugin` command. Both methods require access to an Update
Center from which plugins and their dependencies can be downloaded."
What is the process for installing plugins from the web UI?,"To install plugins
from the web UI:
1. Navigate to *Manage Jenkins* > *Plugins*.
2. Under the *Available* tab, select the desired plugins and click *Install without
restart*.
3. If no plugins are listed, click the *Check now* button to refresh the plugin
list."
How can plugins be installed using the Jenkins CLI?,"Plugins can be installed using
the Jenkins CLI `install-plugin` command. Administrators can run this command with
the appropriate parameters to download and install plugins from a specified source,
such as a file, URL, or Update Center."
What is an advanced method for installing plugins?,An advanced method for
installing plugins involves manually downloading and installing plugin archives
(.hpi files) on the Jenkins controller. This method allows for the installation of
older plugin versions or plugins not available in the Update Center.
How can plugins be updated in Jenkins?,"Plugins in Jenkins can be updated through
the *Updates* tab of the *Plugins* page. Administrators can select desired plugin
updates and click *Download now and install after restart*. Jenkins automatically
checks for updates every 24 hours, but administrators can manually trigger an
update check by clicking *Check now*."
How can a list of installed plugins and their versions be retrieved in Jenkins?,"To
retrieve a list of installed plugins and their versions in Jenkins:
1. Open the Jenkins Script Console.
2. Run a Groovy script that iterates through each installed plugin and prints its
short name along with the version."
What is the process for removing a plugin from Jenkins?,"Plugins can be removed
from Jenkins either through the web UI or by manually deleting the corresponding
plugin file from the Jenkins controller. However, caution must be exercised to
ensure that no other plugins depend on the one being removed, as it could cause
startup issues."
What is the difference between uninstalling and disabling a plugin in
Jenkins?,"Uninstalling a plugin completely removes it from the Jenkins environment,
including its configurations, while disabling a plugin prevents it from starting
but retains its configurations. Disabling is a softer way to retire a plugin, while
uninstalling is a more permanent removal."
What are pinned plugins in Jenkins?,"Pinned plugins were a feature in Jenkins 1.x
where manually updated plugins would be marked to prevent them from being
overwritten by bundled plugins during Jenkins startup. However, this feature was
removed in Jenkins 2.0, and newer versions offer a plugin installation wizard
instead."
What is an implied dependency in the context of Jenkins plugins?,An implied
dependency in Jenkins plugins arises when a plugin relies on functionalities that
were previously part of Jenkins core but have since been separated into a plugin.
These dependencies are not explicitly stated but exist to ensure the proper
functioning of dependent plugins.
What was the built-in node renamed to as part of the terminology cleanup
effort?,"The built-in node was renamed from ""master node"" to ""built-in node"" in
Jenkins 2.307 and in Jenkins 2.319.1."
How does the renaming of the built-in node affect Jenkins features?,"The renaming
affects the implicitly assigned label of the node and the NODE_LABELS environment
variable, as well as the NODE_NAME environment variable. Features such as label
assignments in various project types, custom tool auto-installers, custom build
scripts, and similar features in plugins are potentially impacted."
What is advised before applying the built-in node name and label migration?,"Before
applying the migration, administrators are advised to review their configuration
and build scripts to assess the impact on their instance and jobs. Most problems
with label assignments can likely be worked around by manually assigning the label
""master"" to the built-in node and then incrementally migrating affected
configuration to not need this workaround."
What plugin compatibility issues are mentioned in the document?,"Two known
incompatible plugins are mentioned:
1. The Pipeline: Nodes and Processes plugin always sets the NODE_NAME to ""master""
in Pipelines before version 2.40.
2. The Node and Label Parameter plugin displays the controller node as ""master""
in releases before version 1.10.0."
How can users report problems with incompatible plugins?,"Users can report problems
in the respective plugin's issue tracker. If the affected plugin uses the Jenkins
Jira to track issues, they should add the label ""built-in-node-migration-
regression"". If the affected plugin tracks issues on GitHub, they should mention
the Jenkins pull request that implemented the change in their issue."
What are hook scripts in Jenkins written in?,Hook scripts in Jenkins are written in
Groovy.
Where are hook scripts searched for in Jenkins?,"For a given hook HOOK, Jenkins
searches in the following locations:
- `WEB-INF/HOOK.groovy` in `jenkins.war`
- `WEB-INF/HOOK.groovy.d/*.groovy` in lexical order in `jenkins.war`
- `$JENKINS_HOME/HOOK.groovy`
- `$JENKINS_HOME/HOOK.groovy.d/*.groovy` in lexical order"
"What is the purpose of the ""init"" event in hook scripts?","The ""init"" event,
used in hook scripts, is for post-initialization scripts. It allows users to run
additional actions right after Jenkins starts up."
How can you create a post-initialization script in Jenkins?,"You can create a
Groovy script file `init.groovy` in `$JENKINS_HOME`, or any `.groovy` file in the
directory `$JENKINS_HOME/init.groovy.d/`."
What is the purpose of the boot failure hook script in Jenkins?,"The boot failure
hook script in Jenkins is invoked when Jenkins encounters a fatal problem during
boot. It allows automatic corrective actions to be taken, such as notifying
somebody, raising alerts, or restarting."
What does this section describe?,This section describes how to install Jenkins on a
machine that does not have an internet connection.
What is recommended for offline plugin installation?,The Plugin Installation
Manager Tool is recommended for offline plugin installation.
What does the Plugin Installation Manager Tool do?,The Plugin Installation Manager
Tool downloads user-specified plugins and all dependencies of the user-specified
plugins. It also reports available plugin updates and plugin security warnings.
Where can the Plugin Installation Manager Tool be found?,The Plugin Installation
Manager Tool is included in the official Jenkins Docker images and is also used to
install plugins as part of the Docker install instructions.
Where can questions and answers about the Plugin Installation Manager Tool be
found?,Questions and answers about the Plugin Installation Manager Tool can be
found in the Gitter chat channel dedicated to it.
What Linux distributions are Jenkins installers available for?,"Jenkins installers
are available for several Linux distributions, including Debian/Ubuntu, Fedora, and
Red Hat/Alma/Rocky."
How can Jenkins be installed on Debian and Debian-based distributions like
Ubuntu?,Jenkins can be installed on Debian and Debian-based distributions like
Ubuntu through `apt`.
What is the recommended tool for offline plugin installation?,The Plugin
Installation Manager Tool is the recommended tool for offline plugin installation.
What Java version is required for Jenkins to run?,"Jenkins requires Java to run,
and the recommended version is OpenJDK 17."
How can Jenkins be installed on Fedora?,Jenkins can be installed on Fedora through
`dnf`.
What is the simplest way to install Jenkins on Windows?,"The simplest way to
install Jenkins on Windows is to use the Jenkins Windows installer, which installs
Jenkins as a service using a 64 bit JVM chosen by the user."
How can the Jenkins Windows installer be accessed?,The Jenkins Windows installer
can be downloaded from the Windows section of the Downloading Jenkins page.
What steps are involved in the installation of Jenkins using the Windows MSI
installer?,"The installation steps using the Windows MSI installer include: Setup
wizard, Select destination folder, Service logon credentials, Port selection,
Select Java home directory, Custom setup, Install Jenkins, and Finish Jenkins
installation."
What is the purpose of the post-installation setup wizard in Jenkins?,"The post-
installation setup wizard in Jenkins takes users through a few quick steps to
unlock Jenkins, customize it with plugins, and create the first administrator
user."
How can invalid service logon credentials be resolved during Jenkins installation
on Windows?,Invalid service logon credentials during Jenkins installation on
Windows can be resolved by granting the right to logon as a service in the Local
Security Policy of the computer.
What is Kubernetes (K8s) used for?,"Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source system for
automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications."
What benefits does Kubernetes provide when hosting Jenkins?,"Kubernetes ensures
effective resource utilization and prevents server and infrastructure overload. It
orchestrates container deployment, ensuring Jenkins always has the right amount of
resources available."
What are the steps involved in setting up Jenkins on a Kubernetes cluster?,"The
steps for setting up Jenkins on a Kubernetes cluster include: creating a namespace,
creating a service account with Kubernetes admin permissions, creating a local
persistent volume for Jenkins data, deploying Jenkins using a deployment YAML file,
and creating a service YAML file."
How can a Kubernetes service be accessed to reach the Jenkins dashboard?,"To access
the Jenkins dashboard from the outside world, a service needs to be created and
mapped to the Jenkins deployment. This service can be created using a service YAML
file, with the type set as 'NodePort' to expose Jenkins on all Kubernetes node IPs
on a specified port."
What considerations should be taken into account when hosting Jenkins on Kubernetes
for production workloads?,"For production workloads, it's important to set up a
highly available persistent volume to prevent data loss during pod or node
deletion. This ensures data integrity in Kubernetes environments where pod or node
deletion could occur due to various activities such as patching or downscaling."
What is the preferred way to deploy Jenkins?,"The preferred way to deploy Jenkins
is as a standalone application using its WAR file, which bundles the Winstone
servlet container wrapper and can be started on any operating system with a version
of Java supported by Jenkins."
Can Jenkins be run as a servlet in traditional servlet containers like Apache
Tomcat or WildFly?,"Yes, theoretically Jenkins can be run as a servlet in
traditional servlet containers like Apache Tomcat or WildFly, but in practice, this
is largely untested and there are many caveats, particularly with support for
WebSocket agents being implemented only for the Jetty servlet container."
What Servlet API version does Jenkins require?,Jenkins requires Servlet API 4.0
(Jakarta EE 8) with `javax.servlet` imports. It is incompatible with Servlet API
5.0 (Jakarta EE 9) or later with `jakarta.servlet` imports.
How can Jenkins be deployed to Tomcat 9?,Jenkins can be deployed to Tomcat 9 by
placing the Jenkins WAR file in the `${CATALINA_HOME}/webapps/` directory. The
Jenkins home directory can be configured by setting the `JENKINS_HOME` Java system
property via the `CATALINA_OPTS` environment variable.
What configuration is required to expose certain headers to Jenkins when using
Tomcat as the servlet container?,"To expose certain headers to Jenkins when using
Tomcat as the servlet container, one needs to add a Remote IP Valve to the
`server.xml` file within the `<Host>` section."
How can Jenkins be installed on FreeBSD using the standard package
manager?,"Jenkins can be installed on FreeBSD using the standard package manager,
`pkg`. For the Long Term Support release, one can install it using `pkg install
jenkins-lts`. For the weekly release, `pkg install jenkins` can be used."
What is the difference between the Long Term Support release and the weekly release
of Jenkins on FreeBSD?,"The Long Term Support release is chosen every 12 weeks from
the stream of regular releases as the stable release for that time period, while
the weekly release delivers bug fixes and features to users and plugin developers
on a weekly basis."
"How can Jenkins be started, stopped, and enabled on FreeBSD?","Jenkins can be
started with `service jenkins onestart`, checked for status with `service jenkins
status`, and stopped with `service jenkins stop`. To enable Jenkins to start
automatically on system boot, add `jenkins_enable=""YES""` to `/etc/rc.conf` and
start Jenkins with `service jenkins start`."
How can Jenkins be installed on OpenIndiana Hipster?,"On OpenIndiana Hipster,
Jenkins can be installed using the Image Packaging System (IPS). For a standalone
server, the command `pkg install jenkins` followed by `svcadm enable jenkins` can
be used."
How can the Jenkins service attributes be modified on OpenIndiana Hipster?,"To
change attributes of the Jenkins service, such as environment variables like
`JENKINS_HOME` or the port number used for the Jetty web server on OpenIndiana
Hipster, use the `svccfg` utility with `svccfg -s svc:/network/http:jenkins
editprop`."
How can a bridge network be created in Docker on macOS and Linux for running
Jenkins in Docker?,"To create a bridge network in Docker on macOS and Linux for
running Jenkins in Docker, execute the `docker network create jenkins` command in a
terminal window."
What is the purpose of running the `docker:dind` Docker image when executing Docker
commands inside Jenkins nodes on macOS and Linux?,The `docker:dind` Docker image is
run to execute Docker commands inside Jenkins nodes on macOS and Linux. It allows
for Docker commands to be executed within the Jenkins environment.
What are some key options used when running the `docker:dind` Docker image on macOS
and Linux?,"Key options used when running the `docker:dind` Docker image on macOS
and Linux include:
1. `--name jenkins-docker`: Specifies the Docker container name.
2. `--rm`: Automatically removes the Docker container when it is shut down.
3. `--detach`: Runs the Docker container in the background.
4. `--privileged`: Provides privileged access for Docker in Docker to function
properly.
5. `--network jenkins`: Connects the container to the `jenkins` network.
6. `--network-alias docker`: Makes the Docker in Docker container available as the
hostname `docker` within the `jenkins` network.
7. `--volume jenkins-docker-certs:/certs/client`: Maps the `/certs/client`
directory inside the container to a Docker volume named `jenkins-docker-certs`.
8. `--volume jenkins-data:/var/jenkins_home`: Maps the `/var/jenkins_home`
directory inside the container to the Docker volume named `jenkins-data`.
9. `--publish 2376:2376`: Exposes the Docker daemon port on the host machine."
How can the Jenkins Docker image be customized on macOS and Linux?,"The Jenkins
Docker image can be customized on macOS and Linux by creating a Dockerfile with
specific content, building a new Docker image from this Dockerfile, and then
running the customized Docker image as a container in Docker."
What is the purpose of the `--publish` option when running the customized Jenkins
Docker image on macOS and Linux?,"The `--publish` option is used to map ports from
the current container to ports on the host machine, allowing access to Jenkins
services from the host machine."
What are the initial steps required to access Jenkins for the first time?,"To
access Jenkins for the first time, you need to perform a few quick ""one-off""
steps, including unlocking Jenkins and customizing it with plugins."
How do you unlock Jenkins when accessing it for the first time?,"To unlock Jenkins
when accessing it for the first time, follow these steps:
1. Browse to `\http://localhost:8080`.
2. Wait until the *Unlock Jenkins* page appears.
3. Display the Jenkins console log with the command `docker logs jenkins-
blueocean`.
4. Copy the automatically-generated alphanumeric password displayed between the 2
sets of asterisks.
5. Paste this password into the *Administrator password* field on the *Unlock
Jenkins* page and click *Continue*."
What is the next step after unlocking Jenkins?,"After unlocking Jenkins, the next
step is to customize Jenkins with plugins by clicking *Install suggested plugins*
on the *Customize Jenkins* page."
What happens after installing the suggested plugins during the setup wizard?,"After
installing the suggested plugins during the setup wizard, Jenkins shows the
progression of being configured and the plugins being installed. This process may
take a few minutes."
How can you create the first administrator user in Jenkins?,"To create the first
administrator user in Jenkins, follow these steps:
1. When the *Create First Admin User* page appears, specify your details in the
respective fields.
2. Click *Save and Finish*.
3. When the *Jenkins is ready* page appears, click *Start using Jenkins*."
How can Jenkins be stopped and restarted within a Docker container?,"To stop
Jenkins within a Docker container, you can run `docker stop jenkins-blueocean
jenkins-docker`. To restart Jenkins within a Docker container, you can run the same
`docker run ...` commands used initially, browse to `\http://localhost:8080`, and
log in when the login page appears."
What is the purpose of the document snippet provided?,The document snippet is meant
to be included in other documents and provides instructions for installing Jenkins
using Docker containers on both macOS/Linux and Windows operating systems.
What steps are involved in setting up Jenkins on macOS and Linux?,"Setting up
Jenkins on macOS and Linux involves several steps:
1. Opening a terminal window.
2. Creating a bridge network in Docker using the `docker network create jenkins`
command.
3. Running the `docker:dind` Docker image with specific configurations.
4. Customizing the official Jenkins Docker image by creating a Dockerfile and
building a new Docker image from it.
5. Running the customized Jenkins Docker image as a container in Docker."
How can you access the Docker container running Jenkins?,You can access the Docker
container running Jenkins through a terminal/command prompt window using the
`docker exec -it jenkins-blueocean bash` command.
How can you access the Jenkins console log?,"You can access the Jenkins console log
either through the terminal/command prompt window from which you executed the
`docker run ...` command or by using the `docker logs <docker-container-name>`
command, where `<docker-container-name>` is the name of your Jenkins Docker
container."
What options are available for customizing the official Jenkins Docker image?,"You
can customize the official Jenkins Docker image by creating a Dockerfile with
specific content and then building a new Docker image from it. Additionally, you
can specify configuration options when spinning up a container of the
`jenkins/jenkins` Docker image."
What is Helm and why is it used for deploying Jenkins?,"Helm is a package manager
for Kubernetes, and it simplifies the deployment of Jenkins by providing charts,
which are pre-configured packages for Kubernetes applications. Helm Charts allow
for easy deployment and deletion of apps, making it easier to adopt and develop
Kubernetes apps, especially for those with limited container or microservices
experience."
What are the prerequisites for installing Jenkins using Helm?,"Before installing
Jenkins with Helm, you need to ensure that the Helm command line interface is
installed and configured locally. If you haven't done this already, you can follow
the instructions provided in the documentation to install and configure Helm."
How can Helm be installed?,Helm CLI can be installed by following the instructions
provided on the Installing Helm page of the Helm documentation.
What is the purpose of creating a persistent volume for Jenkins controller
pod?,"Creating a persistent volume for the Jenkins controller pod ensures that the
configuration of the Jenkins controller and its jobs are not lost when the minikube
is rebooted. This is achieved by storing the Jenkins controller configuration in a
persistent volume, specifically in the `/data` directory."
What is the significance of the `jenkins-pv` volume?,The `jenkins-pv` volume is
used to store the Jenkins controller configuration. It is created in the `/data`
directory and ensures that the configuration persists even when the minikube is
rebooted.
How can a service account be created for Jenkins?,"To create a service account for
Jenkins, you can follow the instructions provided in the documentation. This
involves creating a YAML file called `jenkins-sa.yaml` and applying it using the
`kubectl apply` command."
What is the purpose of a ClusterRole and a RoleBinding in Kubernetes?,"In
Kubernetes, a ClusterRole is a set of permissions that can be assigned to resources
within a cluster. A RoleBinding grants these permissions defined in a ClusterRole
to a user or set of users. ClusterRoles and RoleBindings are used to define and
manage access control within Kubernetes clusters."
How can Jenkins be installed using Helm?,"Jenkins can be installed using Helm by
creating an override file (`jenkins-values.yaml`) and passing it as an argument to
the Helm CLI. This file contains values necessary for setup, such as defining the
storage class, service account, and desired plugins. Then, the `helm install`
command is used with appropriate arguments to install Jenkins."
How can access to the Jenkins server be obtained after installation?,"After
installing Jenkins, access to the Jenkins server can be obtained by retrieving the
admin user password and the Jenkins URL. The admin user password can be retrieved
using commands provided in the documentation, and the Jenkins URL can be
constructed using the Node IP and NodePort."
How can Jenkins be accessed using port forwarding?,"Jenkins can be accessed using
port forwarding by running the `kubectl port-forward` command with the name of the
Pod running Jenkins. This command forwards traffic from the local machine's port to
the port on the Jenkins Pod, allowing access to the Jenkins server."
What is included in the Jenkins Web application ARchive (WAR) file?,"The Jenkins
WAR file bundles Winstone, which is a servlet container wrapper for Jetty."
How can the Jenkins WAR file be started from the command line?,"To start the
Jenkins WAR file from the command line, follow these steps:
1. Download the latest Jenkins WAR file to an appropriate directory.
2. Open a terminal/command prompt window to the download directory.
3. Run the command `java -jar jenkins.war`.
4. Browse to `http://localhost:8080` and wait for the *Unlock Jenkins* page to
appear."
What notes should be considered when running the Jenkins WAR file?,"When running
the Jenkins WAR file:
- Specific plugins need to be installed separately via the Manage Jenkins >
Plugins page.
- The port can be changed by specifying the `--httpPort` option when running the
`java -jar jenkins.war` command.
- The directory where Jenkins stores its configuration can be changed using the
`JENKINS_HOME` environment variable."
How can the port for accessing Jenkins be changed when running the WAR file?,"The
port for accessing Jenkins can be changed by specifying the `--httpPort` option
when running the `java -jar jenkins.war` command. For example, to make Jenkins
accessible through port 9090, the command would be `java -jar jenkins.war --
httpPort=9090`."
How can the directory where Jenkins stores its configuration be changed when
running the WAR file?,"The directory where Jenkins stores its configuration can be
changed by defining the `JENKINS_HOME` environment variable before running the
`java -jar jenkins.war` command. For example, on Windows, you can use the command
`set JENKINS_HOME=my-jenkins-config`, followed by `java -jar jenkins.war`, or on
Unix systems, use `JENKINS_HOME=my-jenkins-config java -jar jenkins.war`."
How is Jenkins networking configuration controlled?,Jenkins networking
configuration is generally controlled by command line arguments.
What are some of the command line parameters for Jenkins networking
configuration?,"Some of the command line parameters for Jenkins networking
configuration include:
- `--httpPort=$HTTP_PORT`: Specifies the port for Jenkins to listen on using
standard HTTP protocol.
- `--httpListenAddress=$HTTP_HOST`: Binds Jenkins to the specified IP address.
- `--httpsPort=$HTTPS_PORT`: Specifies the port for Jenkins to use HTTPS
protocol.
- `--httpsListenAddress=$HTTPS_HOST`: Binds Jenkins to listen for HTTPS requests
on the specified IP address.
- `--http2Port=$HTTP_PORT`: Specifies the port for Jenkins to use HTTP/2
protocol.
- `--http2ListenAddress=$HTTPS_HOST`: Binds Jenkins to listen for HTTP/2
requests on the specified IP address."
How can Jenkins be run with a prefix in the URL?,"Jenkins can be run with a prefix
in the URL by using the `--prefix=$PREFIX` command line parameter, where `$PREFIX`
is the desired prefix."
What command line parameter sets the HTTP session timeout value?,The `--
sessionTimeout=$TIMEOUT` command line parameter sets the HTTP session timeout value
to the specified number of minutes.
How can Jenkins parameters be read from standard input?,Jenkins parameters can be
read from standard input using the `--paramsFromStdIn` command line parameter.
What command line parameter enables Jetty Java Management Extension (JMX)?,The `--
useJmx` command line parameter enables Jetty Java Management Extension (JMX).
How are Java properties used to configure Jenkins behaviors?,Java properties are
set from the command line that started Jenkins using the `-D` flag followed by the
property name and value.
How can HTTPS be configured with an existing certificate when setting up Jenkins
using the built-in Winstone server?,"HTTPS can be configured with an existing
certificate when setting up Jenkins using the built-in Winstone server by
specifying the `--httpPort=-1`, `--httpsPort=443`,
`--httpsKeyStore=path/to/keystore`, and `--httpsKeyStorePassword=keystorePassword`
command line parameters."
"What is HTTP/2, and how can it be enabled for Jenkins?","HTTP/2 is a protocol that
allows web servers to reduce latency over encrypted connections by pipelining
requests, multiplexing requests, and allowing servers to push data. HTTP/2 can be
enabled for Jenkins by specifying the `--http2Port=9090`,
`--httpsKeyStore=path/to/keystore`, and `--httpsKeyStorePassword=keystorePassword`
command line parameters."
How can Jenkins be configured to use HTTPS certificates on Windows?,"Jenkins can be
configured to use HTTPS certificates on Windows by following a series of steps,
including creating a keystore, generating a certificate request, obtaining a
certificate from a certificate provider, importing the certificate into the
keystore, copying the keystore file to the Jenkins secrets directory, modifying the
`<arguments>` section of the `jenkins.xml` file, and restarting the Jenkins
service."
What is Docker?,"Docker is a platform for running applications in an isolated
environment called a ""container."""
What are Docker images and Docker containers?,"Docker images are read-only
snapshots of applications, while Docker containers are running instances of Docker
images."
How are Docker images and containers different in terms of storage?,"Docker images
are stored permanently, based on when image updates are published, whereas
containers are stored temporarily."
What are some supported operating systems and cloud services for Docker?,"Supported
operating systems include macOS, Linux, and Windows, while supported cloud services
include AWS and Azure."
How can Docker be installed on an operating system?,Docker can be installed by
following the instructions provided in the Guided Tour prerequisites or by visiting
Docker Hub and selecting the appropriate Docker Community Edition for the operating
system or cloud service.
What is the caution associated with installing Docker on a Linux-based operating
system?,"When installing Docker on a Linux-based operating system, it's important
to configure Docker so it can be managed as a non-root user. More information about
this can be found in Docker's Post-installation steps for Linux documentation."
What is the recommended Docker image for Jenkins?,The recommended Docker image for
Jenkins is the `jenkins/jenkins` image available on Docker Hub.
What does the `jenkins/jenkins` image contain?,"The `jenkins/jenkins` image
contains the current Long-Term Support (LTS) release of Jenkins, which is
production-ready."
What additional information is provided about the `jenkins/jenkins` image?,A new
`jenkins/jenkins` image is published each time a new release of Jenkins Docker is
published. Users can view a list of previously published versions of the
`jenkins/jenkins` image on the tags page of Docker Hub.
What is Jenkins typically run as?,Jenkins is typically run as a standalone
application in its own process.
What does the Jenkins WAR file bundle?,"The Jenkins WAR file bundles Winstone, a
Jetty servlet container wrapper."
Can Jenkins be run in a traditional servlet container?,"Theoretically, Jenkins can
be run as a servlet in a traditional servlet container like Apache Tomcat or
WildFly, but this is largely untested and comes with many caveats."
What is mentioned as a caveat when running Jenkins in a traditional servlet
container?,Support for WebSocket agents is only implemented for the Jetty servlet
container.
Where can one find details about the Servlet Container Support Policy for
Jenkins?,Details about the Servlet Container Support Policy for Jenkins can be
found on the Servlet Container Support Policy page.
What is the purpose of the post-installation setup wizard in Jenkins?,"The post-
installation setup wizard in Jenkins guides users through ""one-off"" steps to
unlock Jenkins, customize it with plugins, and create the first administrator
user."
How can you unlock Jenkins after installing it?,"To unlock Jenkins after installing
it, browse to `\http://localhost:8080`, wait for the *Unlock Jenkins* page to
appear, copy the automatically-generated alphanumeric password from the Jenkins
console log output, paste this password into the *Administrator password* field on
the *Unlock Jenkins* page, and click *Continue*."
What is the significance of the administrator password generated during the setup
process?,The administrator password generated during the setup process must be
entered in the setup wizard on new Jenkins installations before accessing Jenkins's
main UI. It also serves as the default administrator account's password if the
subsequent user-creation step is skipped.
What options are available on the *Customize Jenkins* page?,"On the *Customize
Jenkins* page, users can choose to either *Install suggested plugins* or *Select
plugins to install* based on their preferences."
How can you create the first administrator user in Jenkins?,"To create the first
administrator user in Jenkins, specify the user's details on the *Create First
Admin User* page and click *Save and Finish*. Then, on the *Jenkins is ready* page,
click *Start using Jenkins*."
Why are backups important for a Jenkins instance?,"Backups of a Jenkins instance
are crucial for disaster recovery, recovering from accidental configuration
changes, and restoring corrupted or deleted files."
What are the methods discussed for creating backups in Jenkins?,"The methods
discussed for creating backups in Jenkins include filesystem snapshots, plugins for
backup, and writing a shell script for backups."
How can filesystem snapshots be used to create backups in Jenkins?,"Filesystem
snapshots provide maximum consistency for backups and run faster than live backups.
They are supported by various filesystem architectures, cloud providers, and
separate storage devices."
What is recommended regarding the controller key in Jenkins backups?,"The
controller key in Jenkins backups should never be included in regular backups.
Instead, the `master.key` file should be backed up separately and stored securely
away from other backups."
What directories/files within `$JENKINS_HOME` should be backed
up?,"Directories/files within `$JENKINS_HOME` that should be backed up include
configuration files (`./config.xml`), the `./jobs` subdirectory (containing job-
related information), and specific plugin packages (`./plugins/*.hpi` and
`./plugins/*.jpi`)."
What are the symptoms of a broken reverse proxy setup in Jenkins?,"The symptom of a
broken reverse proxy setup in Jenkins is an error message displayed on the ""Manage
Jenkins"" page stating, ""It appears that your reverse proxy setup is broken."""
What is mentioned as a crucial step for a reverse proxy to work correctly?,"For a
reverse proxy to work correctly, it needs to rewrite both the request and the
response."
What options are provided for correct reverse proxying in Jenkins?,"Correct reverse
proxying in Jenkins involves either rewriting the response with a ""Location""
header or setting the headers `X-Forwarded-Host` and `X-Forwarded-Port` on the
forwarded request."
How can one perform further diagnosis to troubleshoot a reverse proxy setup issue
in Jenkins?,One can perform further diagnosis by using cURL to test the reverse
proxy setup.
What is FIPS-140 compliance in the context of Jenkins?,"FIPS-140 compliance in
Jenkins refers to the ability to run Jenkins in a manner that aligns with the
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 140, which defines
security requirements for cryptographic modules."
What is the role of the compliance flag in Jenkins regarding FIPS-140
mode?,Enabling the compliance flag in Jenkins provides a hint to Jenkins and any
plugins that have opted in to prefer cryptographic algorithms that may be FIPS-140
approved.
What are some potential limitations or considerations when running Jenkins in FIPS-
140 mode?,"Some features in Jenkins may be disabled entirely, or certain
cryptographic algorithms may be used in a less secure but compliant manner.
Additionally, Jenkins cannot ensure that plugins will use encryption appropriately,
and configurations outside of Jenkins, such as the JVM and servlet container, must
also be appropriately configured for compliance."
How does the Jenkins community handle FIPS-140 compliance issues with Jenkins and
plugins?,"The Jenkins community does not actively check Jenkins or plugins for
FIPS-140 compliance issues. Users are advised to check the plugin's code to ensure
compliance. Additionally, the community does not support Jenkins FIPS-140 mode and
recommends seeking support from commercial vendors for fully compliant setups.
Reported compliance issues will be treated like any other bug report or feature
request."
What advice is provided regarding the configuration of Jenkins for full FIPS-140
compliance?,"Extreme care should be taken when configuring the host, JVM, and
servlet container to ensure FIPS-140 compliance. Additionally, caution should be
exercised when installing or upgrading plugins, as they may introduce non-compliant
code or change JVM configurations that could break compliance."
"How can scripted clients, such as wget, invoke operations in Jenkins that require
authorization?",Scripted clients can use HTTP BASIC authentication to specify the
user name and the API token.
What is the recommended method for authenticating scripted clients in Jenkins?,"The
recommended method is to use HTTP BASIC authentication with the API token instead
of specifying the real password, as it reduces the risk of revealing passwords and
the tendency to reuse passwords in different places."
How can you authenticate with Jenkins using the `curl` command?,You can use the
`curl` command with the `--user` option followed by your user name and API token to
authenticate with Jenkins.
What is the purpose of preemptive authentication in Jenkins?,"Preemptive
authentication ensures that authentication information is sent from the first
request, avoiding a 403 (Forbidden) response. Jenkins does not perform any
authorization negotiation and immediately returns a 403 response if authentication
information is not provided from the first request."
How can you authenticate with Jenkins using a Groovy script and the cdancy/jenkins-
rest client?,"You can use the cdancy/jenkins-rest client in a Groovy script by
providing the Jenkins endpoint, credentials (user name and API token), and then
accessing Jenkins system information using the client's API."
How can Jenkins be monitored with Datadog?,"Jenkins can be monitored with Datadog
using the Datadog plugin for Jenkins and the Metrics-Datadog plugin. Additionally,
more information on monitoring Jenkins with Datadog can be found in the Jenkins on
Datadog blog post."
How can Jenkins be monitored with Newrelic?,Jenkins can be monitored with Newrelic
using the Newrelic plugin for Jenkins. More information on developing a Jenkins
Integration Pipeline for the New Relic Infrastructure On-Host Integrations can be
found in a Newrelic blog post.
How can Jenkins be monitored with Prometheus and Grafana?,Jenkins can be monitored
with Prometheus and Grafana using the Prometheus plugin for Jenkins. Further
guidance on this monitoring setup can be found in a How-To blog on Medium.
How can Jenkins be monitored with JavaMelody?,Jenkins can be monitored with
JavaMelody using the Monitoring plugin for Jenkins.
What is the purpose of the ping thread in Jenkins?,"The ping thread in Jenkins is
installed on every remoting connection, such as controller/agent connections, to
periodically send ping messages and measure the time it takes for the reply to
arrive. If the reply takes excessive time, the connection is assumed to be lost,
and the ping thread initiates a formal close down to avoid infinite hangs."
How are logs handled when running Jenkins manually with `jenkins.war`?,"When
running Jenkins manually with `jenkins.war`, all logging information by default is
output to standard out. Many Jenkins native packages modify this behavior to ensure
logging information is output in a more conventional location for the platform."
How can logs be viewed in Linux (rpm and deb) systems?,"By default, logs can be
viewed by running `journalctl -u jenkins.service`. To customize the log location,
you can run `systemctl edit jenkins` and add the appropriate configuration."
Where are logs located in Windows (msi) installations?,"By default, logs are
located at `%JENKINS_HOME%/jenkins.out` and `%JENKINS_HOME%/jenkins.err`, unless
customized in `%JENKINS_HOME%/jenkins.xml`."
Where can logs be found in macOS installations?,"Log files should be at
`/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log`, unless customized in `org.jenkins-ci.plist`."
Where is the log file written when starting Jenkins from a command line with `java
-jar jenkins.war`?,"When Jenkins is started from a command line with `java -jar
jenkins.war`, the log file will be written to the `JENKINS_HOME` directory. If no
value is assigned to the `JENKINS_HOME` environment variable, the log file will be
written to the `.jenkins/log` directory."
How can Jenkins logs be accessed when running inside a Docker container?,"If
Jenkins is running inside a Docker container as a detached container, you can use
`docker logs <containerId>` to view the Jenkins logs."
What logging system does Jenkins use?,Jenkins uses `java.util.logging` for logging.
How can custom logs be made available outside of the Jenkins web UI?,"The simplest
solution is to install the Support Core Plugin, which causes custom logs to be
written to disk automatically."
How can debug logging be configured in Jenkins?,"Debug logging in Jenkins can be
configured by creating a `logging.properties` file, defining the logging levels and
a `ConsoleHandler`, and passing this file to the JVM using the system property `-
Djava.util.logging.config.file=<pathTo>/logging.properties`."
What is the purpose of `systemd` in managing Jenkins services?,"Beginning with
Jenkins 2.332.1 and Jenkins 2.335, the Linux package installers use `systemd` to
manage services. `systemd` is responsible for handling service configurations and
overrides."
How can the current service configuration of the Jenkins service be viewed?,"The
current service configuration of the Jenkins service, as configured by the package
installers and any overrides, can be viewed with the command `systemctl cat
jenkins`."
How are service configurations overridden in `systemd`?,Service configurations can
be overridden in `systemd` by editing the drop-in unit (`override.conf` file) for
the service. This file is stored at
`/etc/systemd/system/jenkins.service.d/override.conf`.
What warning is given regarding the creation of the drop-in unit using `systemctl
edit jenkins`?,"The warning states that `systemctl edit jenkins` creates the drop-
in unit as `root` with 0644 (`-rw-r--r--`) permissions, which might be a security
concern if sensitive information is stored in the drop-in unit."
How can the Jenkins `systemd` service be started?,The Jenkins `systemd` service can
be started with the command `systemctl start jenkins`.
How can the Jenkins `systemd` service be stopped?,The Jenkins `systemd` service can
be stopped with the command `systemctl stop jenkins`.
How can the Jenkins `systemd` service be restarted?,The Jenkins `systemd` service
can be restarted with the command `systemctl restart jenkins`.
How can changes to the service definition be reloaded in `systemd`?,"After changes
to configuration files, the service definition may need to be reloaded with the
command `systemctl daemon-reload`."
How can logs for the Jenkins service be read?,Logs for the Jenkins service can be
read with the command `journalctl -u jenkins`.
Where can further readings on managing systemd services be found?,"Further readings
on managing `systemd` services can be found in resources such as the DigitalOcean
tutorial on systemd services and units, the Fedora project's guide on understanding
and administering systemd, and the systemd reference documentation from
freedesktop.org."
How can you reset the administrator password in Jenkins?,"To reset the
administrator password in Jenkins, follow these steps:
1. Log in to your Jenkins controller.
2. Stop the Jenkins process using `systemctl stop jenkins`.
3. Edit the Jenkins configuration file (`config.xml`) in your `jenkins/` or
`$JENKINS_HOME` directory.
4. Change the value of **useSecurity** from *true* to *false*.
5. Save and close the file.
6. Restart the Jenkins service with `systemctl start jenkins`.
7. Log in to Jenkins and navigate to *Manage Jenkins*.
8. Under *Security*, select *Configure Global Security*.
9. Choose *Jenkins' own user database* under *Security Realm*, ensure *Allow users
to sign up* is unchecked, and save your changes.
10. Go to **Users** in the *Manage Jenkins* page.
11. Select the User ID for which you want to change the password.
12. Click on Configure and locate the *Password* section to change the password."
What precaution should be taken after resetting the administrator password in
Jenkins?,"After resetting the administrator password in Jenkins, it's important to
re-enable security to ensure the controller is not left insecure. This can be done
by following these steps:
1. Log in as your admin account.
2. Navigate to *Manage Jenkins* on the dashboard.
3. Under the *Security* section, select *Configure Global Security*.
4. Set the *Authorization* to *Logged-in users can do anything*.
5. Uncheck the option *Allow anonymous read access*.
6. Save the changes."
What is the purpose of running Jenkins behind Nginx?,"Running Jenkins behind Nginx
allows you to bind Jenkins to a specific part of a larger website, making it
accessible via certain URLs. Nginx acts as a reverse proxy, forwarding requests to
Jenkins and then returning the responses to the client."
How can you configure Nginx as a reverse proxy for Jenkins?,"To configure Nginx as
a reverse proxy for Jenkins, you can follow these steps:
1. Set up an upstream block for Jenkins in the Nginx configuration.
2. Configure the server block for Nginx, specifying the server name and other
settings.
3. Define the root directory for Jenkins and specify access and error logs.
4. Set up location blocks to handle static files and user content.
5. Configure the proxy settings to pass requests to the Jenkins server.
6. Ensure proper headers are set for WebSocket support and request forwarding.
7. Adjust timeout settings and permissions as needed."
How can you grant Nginx permission to read Jenkins web root folder?,"To give Nginx
permission to read the Jenkins web root folder, you can add the `nginx` user to the
Jenkins group using the command `usermod -aG jenkins nginx`. If the `nginx` user is
not defined in the system, you can try adding the `www-data` user to the Jenkins
group instead."
What should you do if you encounter timeouts when running long CLI commands through
a proxy in Jenkins?,"If you experience timeouts when running long CLI commands
through a proxy in Jenkins, you can increase the `proxy_read_timeout` setting in
the Nginx configuration as necessary. Additionally, if you encounter errors related
to premature EOF while running CLI commands behind Nginx, adjusting the
`proxy_read_timeout` setting can help resolve the issue."
Why would you use Pomerium with Jenkins?,"Pomerium allows you to implement JWT
authentication for Jenkins, which enhances security by authenticating and
authorizing users against an identity provider without storing or sharing
credentials. With Pomerium, you can apply claims to route authorization policies,
determining a user's role and privileges before granting access to Jenkins."
How do you set up Jenkins with Docker Compose?,"To set up Jenkins with Docker
Compose, follow these steps:
1. Create a `docker-compose.yaml` file.
2. Define a service for Jenkins in the YAML file, specifying the image, ports,
volumes, and other configurations.
3. Run `docker compose up` to start Jenkins.
4. Access Jenkins at `localhost:8080` and complete the Setup Wizard prompts."
What steps are involved in configuring Pomerium for securing Jenkins?,"To configure
Pomerium for securing Jenkins, you need to:
1. Create a Pomerium configuration file (`config.yaml`) with authentication and
routing settings.
2. Run Pomerium services with Docker Compose, including the Pomerium service itself
and Jenkins.
3. Install Jenkins plugins for JWT authentication and bypassing TLS validation.
4. Configure JWT authentication in Jenkins by specifying JWT claims and
authorization settings.
5. Test JWT authentication by restarting the container and verifying successful
authentication.
6. Update Jenkins authorization settings to assign appropriate privileges to users.
7. Optionally, extend authorization policies in Pomerium to add more context to
access control."
How do you configure JWT authentication in Jenkins with Pomerium?,"To configure JWT
authentication in Jenkins with Pomerium, follow these steps:
1. Go to **Manage Jenkins** > **Configure Global Security**.
2. Under **Authentication** > **Security Realm**, select **JWT Header
Authentication Plugin**.
3. Enter the necessary information in the **Global JWT Auth Settings** fields,
including header name, claim names, acceptable issuers, acceptable audiences, and
JWKS JSON URL.
4. Configure Jenkins permissions using **Matrix-based security**, assigning
appropriate privileges to users.
5. Save the security settings and restart the container to apply the changes.
6. Test JWT authentication by accessing Jenkins and verifying successful
authentication."
Why might you want to run Jenkins behind IIS?,"Running Jenkins behind IIS allows
you to bind Jenkins to a part of a larger website, enabling better integration with
existing web services on your server."
What are the requirements for running Jenkins behind IIS?,"To run Jenkins behind
IIS, you need:
- IIS 7.0 or greater (IIS 8.5 or greater for certain features like Certificate
Rebind)
- URL Rewrite 2.1 or greater
- Application Request Routing 3.0 or greater
- Server access"
Can you describe an example use case for running Jenkins behind IIS?,"Sure. Let's
say you have a dedicated Jenkins installation on a Windows Server with a specific
domain name and port. You want to use IIS as a TLS/SSL terminating reverse proxy to
simplify certificate management using Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS)
and the IIS 8.5+ Certificate Rebind feature. Additionally, you want IIS to act as a
reverse proxy for Jenkins and redirect non-canonical URLs to the canonical URL."
How do you enable reverse proxy functionality in IIS?,"To enable reverse proxy
functionality in IIS, follow these steps:
1. In the Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager, click on the server.
2. Go to Application Request Routing Cache.
3. In the Actions panel, click on Server Proxy Settings.
4. Enable the proxy and disable the Reverse rewrite host in response header option.
5. Set the Response buffer threshold (KB) to 0.
6. Apply the changes."
What configuration steps are involved in setting up TLS/SSL for Jenkins behind
IIS?,"Setting up TLS/SSL for Jenkins behind IIS is out of scope for this document,
but it involves configuring SSL certificates trusted by your browser and ensuring
that TLS/SSL settings are appropriately configured in IIS."
How do you configure rules for response rewriting in IIS for Jenkins?,"To configure
rules for response rewriting in IIS for Jenkins, follow these steps:
1. Go to the Default Web Site in IIS.
2. Navigate to URL Rewrite.
3. Click on View Server Variables in the Actions panel.
4. Add the HTTP_FORWARDED variable if it's not already defined.
5. Click on Back to Rules and add a Reverse Proxy rule.
6. Define conditions and server variables for the rule.
7. Apply the changes."
How can you fix errors related to the reverse proxy setup in IIS for Jenkins?,"To
fix errors related to the reverse proxy setup in IIS for Jenkins, you may need to:
- Edit the DefaultAppPool settings to ensure it uses No Managed Code.
- Enable double escaping in Request Filtering settings.
- Adjust URL Rewrite settings to use the correct encoding.
- Refresh the browser to verify that the setup is working correctly."
Why might you want to run Jenkins behind Apache?,"Running Jenkins behind Apache
allows you to bind Jenkins to a part of a larger website on your server, enabling
better integration with existing web services."
What are the different alternatives for configuring Jenkins with Apache?,"There are
several alternatives for configuring Jenkins with Apache:
- mod_proxy
- mod_proxy with HTTPS
- mod_rewrite"
Can you explain how mod_proxy works with Jenkins and Apache?,"Certainly. mod_proxy
works by making Apache act as a ""reverse proxy,"" forwarding requests for certain
URLs to Jenkins and then returning the response from Jenkins back to the client."
What steps are involved in setting up mod_proxy with Apache for Jenkins?,"To set up
mod_proxy with Apache for Jenkins, you need to:
1. Ensure that the necessary Apache modules are installed.
2. Configure Apache to act as a reverse proxy for Jenkins using ProxyPass and
ProxyPassReverse directives.
3. Ensure that ProxyRequests is set to Off and AllowEncodedSlashes is set to
NoDecode.
4. Optionally, configure additional settings for SE-Linux compatibility and
handling compressed output from Jenkins."
How can you configure mod_proxy with HTTPS for Jenkins and Apache?,"To configure
mod_proxy with HTTPS for Jenkins and Apache, you can add additional
ProxyPassReverse directives to redirect non-SSL URLs generated by Jenkins to the
SSL side. Alternatively, you can use mod_rewrite to rewrite Location headers
containing non-SSL URLs."
What steps are involved in setting up mod_rewrite for Jenkins and Apache?,"To set
up mod_rewrite for Jenkins and Apache, you need to:
1. Ensure that the necessary Apache modules are installed, including mod_rewrite.
2. Configure mod_rewrite rules to rewrite URLs for Jenkins requests.
3. Ensure that ProxyRequests is set to Off and AllowEncodedSlashes is set to
NoDecode.
4. Optionally, configure additional settings for handling compressed output and
ensuring SE-Linux compatibility."
What workaround is suggested for accessing Jenkins through an Apache reverse proxy
using the plain CLI protocol?,"When accessing Jenkins through an Apache reverse
proxy using the plain CLI protocol, it's suggested to use CLI over SSH as a
workaround. This is because the plain CLI protocol with the HTTP(S) transport does
not work with an Apache reverse proxy."
Why might you want to use iptables to set up a reverse proxy for Jenkins?,Using
iptables allows you to forward traffic from ports 80 and 443 to Jenkins ports 8080
and 8443 without setting up a separate proxy server like Apache.
What is the default port for Jenkins?,The default ports for Jenkins are 8080 for
HTTP and 8443 for HTTPS.
What are the considerations when running Jenkins on ports 80 or 443?,"Ports 80 and
443 are privileged ports on Unix/Linux systems, requiring processes using them to
be owned by root. Running Jenkins as root is not recommended, so alternatives like
iptables forwarding are suggested."
How can you check if iptables has allowed traffic on specific ports?,"You can use
the command `iptables -L -n` to list the current iptables configuration and check
for entries corresponding to ports 80, 443, 8080, and 8443."
What command is used to forward port 80 traffic to port 8080 using iptables?,"To
forward port 80 traffic to port 8080 using iptables, you can use the command `sudo
iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port
8080`."
How do you save the iptables configuration to make changes permanent on Red Hat-
based systems?,"On Red Hat-based systems, you can save the iptables configuration
by issuing the command `sudo iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables`."
What is an alternative to using iptables for configuring port forwarding on Linux
distributions like Ubuntu?,"An alternative to using iptables on Ubuntu is to use
firewalld, which serves as a front-end for iptables. Configuration through
firewalld is done via the `firewall-cmd` command."
What is the purpose of running Jenkins behind Lighttpd?,Running Jenkins behind
Lighttpd allows you to bind Jenkins to a part of an existing website or centralize
TLS termination in a single place.
How does mod_proxy work with Lighttpd?,"Mod_proxy in Lighttpd acts as a reverse
proxy, forwarding requests for certain URLs to Jenkins and then returning the
responses back to the client."
What alternatives are available for configuring Jenkins with Lighttpd?,Two
alternatives are available: configuring by host or by path.
How can you configure Lighttpd to proxy requests to Jenkins based on the host?,You
can configure Lighttpd to proxy requests to Jenkins based on the host by setting up
a proxy block for the specific domain in the Lighttpd configuration file.
What configuration is necessary in Lighttpd to proxy requests to Jenkins based on a
specific path?,"To proxy requests to Jenkins based on a specific path, you need to
configure Lighttpd with a proxy block that matches the URL path using
`$HTTP[""url""]` and `=~ ""^/jenkins(.*)$""` regex pattern."
What is the purpose of disabling `url-path-2f-decode` in Lighttpd
configuration?,"Disabling `url-path-2f-decode` in Lighttpd configuration is
necessary to prevent URL normalization, which can cause headers mismatching and
issues with the internal Jenkins reverse proxy test."
What is the purpose of a reverse proxy in Jenkins?,"A reverse proxy in Jenkins
allows an alternate HTTP or HTTPS provider to communicate with web browsers on
behalf of Jenkins, offering additional capabilities like SSL encryption and
offloading some work from Jenkins."
How does Jenkins monitor reverse proxy configuration?,"Jenkins actively monitors
reverse proxy configuration and reports ""`Your reverse proxy setup is broken`""
when it detects a configuration problem."
What should you refer to if Jenkins reports that your reverse proxy setup is
broken?,"If Jenkins reports that your reverse proxy setup is broken, you should
refer to the troubleshooting section."
What are some consequences of misconfigured HTTP request rewriting in a reverse
proxy?,Misconfigured HTTP request rewriting in a reverse proxy can result in pages
not being displayed at all.
What should you refer to if your reverse proxy is not displaying any Jenkins
pages?,"If your reverse proxy is not displaying any Jenkins pages, you should refer
to the configuration examples by server type."
How does misconfigured HTTP response handling in a reverse proxy affect
Jenkins?,Misconfigured HTTP response handling in a reverse proxy can cause Jenkins
to fail to show updated information on a page or ignore changes submitted through
web pages.
Where can you find configuration examples for running Jenkins with various reverse
proxies?,"Configuration examples for running Jenkins with various reverse proxies
can be found in the ""Configuration Examples by Server Type"" section."
What are some reasons to run Jenkins behind HAProxy?,"Running Jenkins behind
HAProxy can provide a user-friendly URL, different public ports, or SSL termination
before reaching Jenkins."
What is the purpose of the provided video tutorial in the document?,The provided
video tutorial configures an HAProxy reverse proxy for Jenkins.
How can you configure HAProxy to proxy over plain HTTP?,"You can configure HAProxy
to proxy over plain HTTP by using an example HAProxy.cfg provided in the document,
which assumes Jenkins is running locally on port 8080."
What should you adjust in the HAProxy configuration if Jenkins is not running on
the `/jenkins` context path?,"If Jenkins is not running on the `/jenkins` context
path, you need to adjust the configuration in HAProxy accordingly. Refer to the
HAProxy documentation on traffic routing for more information."
How can you address the error related to long CLI commands in Jenkins when running
behind HAProxy?,"To address the error related to long CLI commands in Jenkins when
running behind HAProxy, you can increase the `timeout client` and `timeout server`
settings in the HAProxy configuration."
How can you configure HAProxy to handle SSL connections and then communicate with
Jenkins over plain HTTP?,"You can configure HAProxy to handle SSL connections and
then communicate with Jenkins over plain HTTP by using an example HAProxy.cfg
provided in the document, which binds to port 443 with SSL termination and
communicates with Jenkins on port 8080."
What does the provided HAProxy configuration do if a request does not have SSL?,"If
a request does not have SSL, the provided HAProxy configuration redirects the
request to use HTTPS."
What is the purpose of running Jenkins behind Squid?,"Running Jenkins behind Squid
allows accessing Jenkins on port 80 or 443, providing a user-friendly URL."
How can you configure Squid 2.6 to work with Jenkins?,"You can configure Squid 2.6
by adding the provided configuration to `squid.conf`, ensuring to replace
`YOUR_DOMAIN` with your domain, and adjusting the cache_peer line if Jenkins is
running on a different server or port."
What steps are involved in generating a self-signed certificate for Squid SSL
configuration?,"To generate a self-signed certificate for Squid SSL configuration,
you need to create a directory for SSL, generate a private key (`jenkins.key`), and
then generate a certificate signing request (`jenkins.crt`) using OpenSSL
commands."
What should you do to remove one level of comment in the Squid configuration file
for SSL?,"To remove one level of comment in the Squid configuration file for SSL,
you can use the command `sed s/^#// /etc/squid/squid.conf`."
How can you avoid the `PKIX path building failed` error related to SSL certificates
when using the swarm client plugin with Squid?,"To avoid the `PKIX path building
failed` error related to SSL certificates when using the swarm client plugin with
Squid, you can use the `-noCertificateCheck` argument with `agent.jar` to disable
server certificate checking from the agent."
What is the purpose of the search box in Jenkins?,The search box in Jenkins allows
users to quickly navigate to specific pages without multiple clicks by entering
relevant keywords or phrases.
How does the search box assist users in navigation?,"The search box provides auto-
completion to assist users in typing and is context-sensitive, allowing users to
enter concise queries to navigate to specific pages within a job or build."
How can users enable case-insensitive search in the search box?,Users can enable
case-insensitive search by going to their profile configuration page
(/jenkins/user/<your profile>/configure) and activating the case insensitive search
option.
What additional feature does the search box offer through OpenSearch support?,"The
search box feature in Jenkins is exposed to browsers through OpenSearch, allowing
users to install search and auto-completion features directly into their browser's
search box, thereby reducing the time required to visit specific pages in Jenkins."
How can users provide feedback on the search functionality in Jenkins?,Users can
provide feedback on the search functionality in Jenkins to suggest improvements in
how search terms are associated with actual pages. Feedback is appreciated for
enhancing the search experience in Jenkins.
What are some of the main benefits of using JMeter with Jenkins?,"Some of the main
benefits of using JMeter with Jenkins include unattended test execution for each
system, build failure logs and recovery steps, secure and easy access to test
reports of each build, and automation of routine work."
How can users integrate JMeter with Jenkins?,Users can integrate JMeter with
Jenkins by installing the Performance plugin in Jenkins and configuring JMeter to
create test plans that can be executed within Jenkins.
What steps are involved in installing JMeter?,"To install JMeter, users need to
download the appropriate version from the Apache JMeter website, extract the
downloaded file to a preferred location, and edit the `user.properties` file to
integrate the output format of JMeter into Jenkins."
How can users create their first JMeter test plan using the GUI?,"Users can create
their first JMeter test plan using the GUI by opening the JMeter GUI, creating a
new test plan, adding a Thread Group, configuring HTTP Requests, adding Listeners
for visual reporting, and saving the test plan with a `.jmx` extension."
What steps are involved in executing a JMeter test plan from Jenkins?,"To execute a
JMeter test plan from Jenkins, users need to create a new item in Jenkins,
configure it as a freestyle project, add a build step to execute a Windows batch
command with the JMeter command line code, add a post-build action to publish
performance test result reports, save the project, and then build the project."
How can you refer to another project/job by name in Jenkins?,"In Jenkins, you can
refer to another project/job by name, such as when using a Pipeline Script to copy
artifacts, by specifying the target project's name as `projectName: 'myproject'`."
How can you differentiate between multiple projects with the same name in
Jenkins?,"To differentiate between multiple projects with the same name in Jenkins,
especially when using the Folders Plugin, you can use either absolute paths or
relative paths. Absolute paths start with a forward slash and describe the complete
path to the project, while relative paths start with something other than a forward
slash and refer to another project in relation to the current project."
"How can you refer to components inside Maven projects, Matrix projects, and
Multibranch Pipelines in Jenkins?","In Jenkins, you can refer to components inside
Maven projects, Matrix projects, and Multibranch Pipelines by specifying the
project's name followed by the component name, separated by a forward slash. For
example, to refer to a particular module in a Maven project, you would use
`mymavenproject/my.group$MyModule`."
How should special characters in paths be handled when referencing projects in
Jenkins?,"Special characters in paths should be URL-encoded when referencing
projects in Jenkins. For example, if a Multibranch Pipeline has a branch with a
slash in it (`feature/myfeature`), you would replace the slash with `%2F` when
referencing it."
Where can developers of Jenkins and Jenkins Plugins find more information about
referencing projects by name?,"Developers of Jenkins and Jenkins Plugins can find
more information about referencing projects by name in the `Jenkins::getItem()`
function documentation, available at the [Jenkins
JavaDoc](https://javadoc.jenkins.io/jenkins/model/Jenkins.html#getItem-
java.lang.String-hudson.model.ItemGroup-)."
What are the three flavors of remote access API currently offered by Jenkins?,"The
three flavors of remote access API offered by Jenkins are XML, JSON with JSONP
support, and Python."
How can you differentiate between multiple projects with the same name in Jenkins
when using the Folders Plugin?,"When using the Folders Plugin in Jenkins, you can
differentiate between multiple projects with the same name by using either absolute
paths or relative paths. Absolute paths begin with a forward slash and describe the
complete path to the project, while relative paths begin with something other than
a forward slash and refer to another project in relation to the current project."
How can you trigger a new build for a job with parameters using the remote API in
Jenkins?,"To trigger a new build for a job with parameters using the remote API in
Jenkins, you can perform an HTTP POST on
`JENKINS_URL/job/JOB_NAME/buildWithParameters`, providing the necessary parameters
in the request data."
What is the preferred method for CSRF protection when using the remote API in
Jenkins?,"When using the remote API in Jenkins, API tokens are preferred over
crumbs for CSRF protection."
How can you adjust depth control in the remote API of Jenkins?,"Depth control in
the remote API of Jenkins allows you to adjust the amount of information returned
in one call. By specifying a positive depth value, you can control how far the
subtree is cut beyond the object for which you made the API call, returning more or
less data accordingly."
What are some examples of Python API wrappers for Jenkins?,"Some examples of Python
API wrappers for Jenkins include JenkinsAPI, Python-Jenkins, api4jenkins, and
aiojenkins. These wrappers provide a more conventionally pythonic way of
controlling a Jenkins server and offer higher-level APIs with convenience
functions."
What are some services offered by the Ruby API wrapper Jenkins API Client?,"Some
services offered by the Ruby API wrapper Jenkins API Client include creating jobs,
building jobs with parameters, listing available jobs, obtaining build details,
adding/removing downstream projects, obtaining console output, authentication
support, and more."
What services are offered by the Java API wrapper jenkins-rest?,"The Java API
wrapper jenkins-rest provides access to the Jenkins REST API programmatically. Some
services offered include job submission, queue tracking, build monitoring,
obtaining build status, endpoint definition, authentication, plugin management,
queue management, system information retrieval, and more."
How can you detect the version of Jenkins using the remote API?,"To detect the
version of Jenkins using the remote API, you can load the top page or any
`.../api/*` page and check for the `X-Jenkins` response header, which contains the
version number of Jenkins. This can also be a way to verify if a URL is a Jenkins
URL."
What is a Jenkins Agent?,"A Jenkins Agent is a component of the Jenkins
architecture designed for distributed build environments. It allows for the
utilization of different environments for each build project, thereby balancing the
workload among multiple agents running jobs in parallel."
How can Docker agents be connected to Jenkins using SSH?,"Docker agents can be
connected to Jenkins using SSH. To do this, you need to generate an SSH key pair,
create a Jenkins SSH credential with the private key, and then create the Docker
agent container while providing the SSH public key as an environment variable."
What is required to run the guide for configuring agents with Docker?,"To run the
guide for configuring agents with Docker, you will need a machine with Java,
Jenkins, Docker, and an SSH key pair installed."
How can you generate an SSH key pair?,"To generate an SSH key pair, you can execute
the `ssh-keygen` command line tool on a machine you have access to. This can be
done on various operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, macOS, or BSD."
What is the preferred method for configuring Jenkins agents when another SSH server
is running on port 22?,"When another SSH server is running on port 22, it's
recommended to use a different port for the Docker command. This can be done by
specifying a different port in the Docker command, such as `-p 4444:22`."
How can you restart a Jenkins agent?,"To restart a Jenkins agent, you can follow
various methods as demonstrated in the provided video, which includes stopping and
starting the agent manually or using Jenkins functionality to relaunch the agent."
What is the importance of automating job definition in Jenkins?,"Automating job
definition in Jenkins is crucial for optimizing job management, especially in
large-scale projects. Jenkins has the capability to automatically create, update,
and delete jobs based on repositories identified in the software configuration
management system. Leveraging this feature helps in structuring job definitions
effectively and maximizing the benefits offered by Jenkins' automatic job
management capabilities."
What are the alternatives for automatic job management in Jenkins?,"There are
multiple alternatives for automatic job management in Jenkins, including:
1. Using organization folders
2. Using multibranch Pipelines
3. Using Pipeline"
How does using organization folders benefit job management in Jenkins?,Using
organization folders in Jenkins provides a convenient way to automate the creation
and deletion of jobs. It allows Jenkins to automatically detect the creation of new
repositories and generate Multibranch Pipeline projects for them. This feature
streamlines job management by eliminating the need for manual intervention in job
creation and deletion processes.
Why are organization folders preferred over multibranch Pipelines for job
management in Jenkins?,Organization folders are preferred over multibranch
Pipelines for job management in Jenkins because they offer automation capabilities
for creating and deleting multibranch projects when repositories are added or
removed. This automation simplifies the job management process and reduces manual
intervention required for maintaining job configurations.
What is the significance of managing jobs effectively in Jenkins?,"Effective
management of jobs in Jenkins enhances user interactions, productivity, and overall
project efficiency. Managing jobs includes tasks such as reporting build results,
utilizing agents for builds, configuring notifications for job statuses, and
maintaining consistent naming conventions for projects."
How can Jenkins users enhance build result reporting?,"Jenkins users can enhance
build result reporting by utilizing charts, graphs, and automated test results to
provide insights into project status and progress. They can use plugins like
Warnings Next Generation to access various reports including compiler warnings,
static analysis warnings, and code coverage reports."
Why is it recommended to use agents for builds instead of running builds on the
controller in Jenkins?,"Using agents for builds instead of running builds on the
controller in Jenkins offers enhanced safety and scalability. It distributes the
workload across multiple agents, reducing the risk of system overload and ensuring
smoother execution of builds."
How can Jenkins users ensure that notifications for failing and unstable jobs reach
the right people?,"Jenkins users can configure notifications for failing and
unstable jobs to ensure that the right people receive them without causing
unnecessary distractions for others. They can prioritize notifying the most recent
committers when new test failures occur, as they are likely to be the cause of the
issue."
What best practice should Jenkins users follow regarding project names?,"Jenkins
users should use simple project names and limit them to alphanumeric characters
(`a-z`, `A-Z`, `0-9`, `_`, `-`, `+`) to ensure compatibility with various tools and
systems. They can utilize the *Display Name* feature to customize the presentation
while maintaining restricted characters in the underlying project name."
How can Jenkins users manage resource conflicts effectively?,"Jenkins users can
manage resource conflicts effectively by implementing measures such as using the
Lockable Resources plugin to provide fine-grained resource-locking capabilities for
jobs. Additionally, they can use the Throttle Concurrent Builds plugin to limit the
number of builds that can run simultaneously, preventing overload on shared
resources."
What is the purpose of file fingerprinting in Jenkins?,File fingerprinting in
Jenkins is used to track dependencies between projects by assigning a unique
identifier (MD5 checksum) to each file. This allows users to trace which version of
a file is used by which version of a dependency across different builds and
projects.
How can file fingerprinting be set up in Jenkins?,"To set up file fingerprinting in
Jenkins, relevant projects need to be configured to record fingerprints of the jar
files or other files of interest. This involves configuring each project to record
fingerprints of the files it produces or relies on. Users can specify patterns to
match the files they want to fingerprint in the project configuration settings
under *Post-build Actions*."
What information does Jenkins store for each file fingerprint?,"Jenkins stores the
MD5 checksum (fingerprint) of each file along with information about which builds
of which projects used it. This information is stored in a database maintained by
Jenkins. However, Jenkins does not store the actual files themselves to avoid
excessive disk usage."
How can Jenkins users benefit from file fingerprinting?,"Jenkins users can benefit
from file fingerprinting in various scenarios:
- Developers can trace which builds are using specific versions of files they are
working on.
- Project managers can track dependencies between projects and builds.
- Testers can identify which builds of a project were tested with specific versions
of dependencies."
What are some typical scenarios where file fingerprinting is useful in
Jenkins?,"Some typical scenarios where file fingerprinting is useful in Jenkins
include:
1. Tracking usage of specific versions of files across builds and projects.
2. Identifying which builds of a project were tested with specific versions of
dependencies.
3. Investigating dependencies between projects when troubleshooting issues or
analyzing test results."