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The document outlines a hypothesis test to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-help module on mathematics anxiety. The null hypothesis states that the module has no effect, while the alternative suggests it does. The results indicate a significant effect, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis at a 5% significance level.

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3 views3 pages

Statistics

The document outlines a hypothesis test to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-help module on mathematics anxiety. The null hypothesis states that the module has no effect, while the alternative suggests it does. The results indicate a significant effect, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis at a 5% significance level.

Uploaded by

210204
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To conduct a hypothesis test for the effectiveness of the self-help module based on the given MARS

results, we will follow these steps:

Step 1: Formulate the Hypotheses

 Null Hypothesis (H0): The self-help module has no effect on mathematics anxiety. (The mean
difference between the "Before" and "After" scores is zero.)

 Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The self-help module has an effect on mathematics anxiety. (The
mean difference between the "Before" and "After" scores is not equal to zero.)

Step 2: Decide on One-Tailed or Two-Tailed Test

Since the professor does not know the direction of the effectiveness of the module, we will use a two-
tailed test.

Step 3: Set the Level of Significance

The level of significance (alpha) is given as 0.05.

Step 4: Compute the Test Value

1. Calculate the differences (D) between "Before" and "After" scores:

D=After−BeforeD=After−Before

 Participant 1: 38 - 60 = -22

 Participant 2: 42 - 80 = -38

 Participant 3: 48 - 75 = -27

 Participant 4: 50 - 80 = -30

 Participant 5: 80 - 90 = -10

 Participant 6: 60 - 60 = 0

 Participant 7: 62 - 60 = 2

 Participant 8: 68 - 60 = 8

 Participant 9: 70 - 78 = -8

 Participant 10: 72 - 80 = -8

Differences (D): -22, -38, -27, -30, -10, 0, 2, 8, -8, -8

2. Calculate the mean difference (DˉDˉ):

Dˉ=∑Dn=−22−38−27−30−10+0+2+8−8−810=−13310=−13.3Dˉ=n∑D=10−22−38−27−30−10+0+2+8−8−8
=10−133=−13.3

3. Calculate the standard deviation (SD) of the differences:


SD=∑(D−Dˉ)2n−1SD=n−1∑(D−Dˉ)2

 First, calculate D−DˉD−Dˉ for each participant and then square it:

 (-22 + 13.3)² = 75.69

 (-38 + 13.3)² = 608.49

 (-27 + 13.3)² = 187.69

 (-30 + 13.3)² = 280.89

 (-10 + 13.3)² = 10.89

 (0 + 13.3)² = 176.89

 (2 + 13.3)² = 237.69

 (8 + 13.3)² = 448.89

 (-8 + 13.3)² = 28.09

 (-8 + 13.3)² = 28.09

 Sum of squares:

∑(D−Dˉ)2=75.69+608.49+187.69+280.89+10.89+176.89+237.69+448.89+28.09+28.09=2062.6∑( D−Dˉ)2=
75.69+608.49+187.69+280.89+10.89+176.89+237.69+448.89+28.09+28.09=2062.6

 Calculate SD:

SD=2062.69≈228.51≈15.1SD=92062.6≈228.51≈15.1

4. Calculate the t-statistic:

t=DˉSD/n=−13.315.1/10≈−13.34.77≈−2.79t=SD/nDˉ=15.1/10−13.3≈4.77−13.3≈−2.79

Step 5: Determine Critical Values

For a two-tailed test with α=0.05α=0.05 and n−1=9n−1=9 degrees of freedom, we look up the critical t-
values in a t-table. The critical t-values are approximately ±2.262.

Step 6: Compare the Test Value with Critical Values

 Test Value (t): -2.79

 Critical Values: -2.262 and +2.262

Since -2.79 is less than -2.262, we reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion

There is sufficient evidence at the 5% level of significance to conclude that the self-help module has a
significant effect on reducing mathematics anxiety among the participants.

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