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Introduction-to-Natural-Language-Processing-NLP

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence focused on enabling machines to understand and generate human language. Key concepts include tokenization, sentiment analysis, and various machine learning approaches such as supervised and unsupervised learning. The document also discusses challenges like ambiguity and ethical considerations, as well as future trends in NLP.

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6 views

Introduction-to-Natural-Language-Processing-NLP

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence focused on enabling machines to understand and generate human language. Key concepts include tokenization, sentiment analysis, and various machine learning approaches such as supervised and unsupervised learning. The document also discusses challenges like ambiguity and ethical considerations, as well as future trends in NLP.

Uploaded by

pes2021pubgmobilindia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Natural

Language Processing (NLP)


Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that
focuses on the interactions between computers and human language. It
enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language,
opening up new possibilities for communication and information
processing.

by FATHIMA JUMANA
Fundamentals of NLP

1 Tokenization 2 Part-of-Speech
Breaking down text into
Tagging
smaller, meaningful units like Identifying the grammatical
words, phrases, or sentences. role of each word in a
sentence.

3 Named Entity 4 Sentiment Analysis


Recognition Determining the emotional
Identifying and classifying tone or attitude expressed in
key entities like people, a piece of text.
organizations, locations, and
more.
Linguistic Structures and Representations
Phonology Morphology Syntax

The study of how sounds are organized The study of the internal structure of The study of how words are arranged
and used in language. words and how they are formed. into sentences and the rules governing
these arrangements.
Text Preprocessing and
Feature Engineering

1 Cleaning
Removing irrelevant data, such as HTML tags, URLs, and
special characters.

2 Tokenization
Breaking down text into smaller, meaningful units like words
or phrases.

3 Normalization
Converting text to a consistent format, such as lowercasing
or stemming.
Machine Learning for NLP
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
Training models on labeled Discovering patterns and
data to predict target variables, groupings in unlabeled data,
such as sentiment or topic. such as topic modeling or
clustering.

Sequence Modeling
Handling sequential data, like text, using models like recurrent neural
networks.
Deep Learning Approaches in NLP
Word Embeddings Recurrent Neural Networks Transformers

Numerical representations of words Models that can process sequential Powerful models that can capture
that capture semantic and syntactic data, such as text, by maintaining an long-range dependencies in text using
relationships. internal state. attention mechanisms.
Popular NLP Tasks and Applications

Chatbots Sentiment Analysis Machine Translation Text Summarization


Conversational interfaces that Determining the emotional Automatically translating text Generating concise
can understand and respond tone or attitude expressed in from one language to summaries of longer pieces
to human language. text. another. of text.
Challenges and Limitations
of NLP

1 Ambiguity 2 Context Dependence


Natural language is often The interpretation of
ambiguous, with words and language can depend
phrases having multiple heavily on the surrounding
meanings. context.

3 Commonsense Reasoning
Humans rely on vast amounts of background knowledge to
understand language.
Ethical Considerations in NLP
1 2 3

Bias Mitigation Privacy Protection Transparency


Ensuring NLP models do not Safeguarding personal information Promoting accountability and
perpetuate societal biases and and preventing misuse of NLP- explainability in NLP systems to build
discrimination. generated content. public trust.
Future Trends and
Advancements in NLP
Multimodal Learning Combining text with other
modalities like images, audio, or
video for richer understanding.

Few-shot Learning Developing models that can


learn from a small amount of
labeled data.

Unsupervised Pretraining Training models on large,


unlabeled datasets to learn
general language
representations.

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