Project Title: ……………………………………………………………….

SUBJECT : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUBJECT CODE - 417)

SCHOOL : HAPPY MODEL SCHOOL, KURAHUAN, VARANASI
SESSION : 2024-25

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

AMIT KUMAR SINGH …………………………………..

PGT, CS CLASS – X
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that …………..…………………………………………………,

Student of Class X has successfully completed their Artificial

Intelligence Project on

“…………………………………………………………………………………………………”

under the guidance of Mr. Amit Kumar Singh, PGT, Computer

Science.

SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
According to the father of Artificial Intelligence John McCarthy, AI is the “The
science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer
programs”.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially
computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for
using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and
self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and
machine vision.
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software
think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work
while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing
intelligent software and systems.
AI can be categorized as either weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system
that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri,
are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with
generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system
is able to find a solution without human intervention. AI tools present a range of new functionality
for businesses; the use of artificial intelligence raises ethical questions. This is because deep
learning algorithms, which underpin many of the most advanced AI tools, are only as smart as
the data they are given in training. Because a human selects what data should be used for training
an AI program, the potential for human bias is inherent and must be monitored closely.
What is Intelligence?
The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from
experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend complex
ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt new situations.

Types of Intelligence:

Comparison of Human Brain Vs Computer:

Examples of AI technology:
AI is incorporated into a variety of different types of technology. Here are some examples.

 Automation: What makes a system or process function automatically? For example, robotic
process automation (RPA) can be programmed to perform high- volume, repeatable tasks that
human normally performed. RPA is different from IT automation in that it can adapt to
changing circumstances.
 Machine learning: The science of getting a computer to act without programming.
 Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that, in very simple terms, can be thought of as
the automation of predictive analytics. There are three types of machine learning algorithms:
 Supervised learning: Data sets are labeled so that patterns can be detected and used to label
new data sets.
 Unsupervised learning: Data sets aren't labeled and are sorted according to similarities or
differences.
 Reinforcement learning: Data sets aren't labeled but, after performing an action or several
actions, the AI system is given feedback.
 Machine vision: The science of allowing computers to see. This technology captures and
analyzes visual information using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion and digital signal
processing. It is often compared to human eyesight, but machine vision isn't bound by biology
and can be programmed to see through walls, for example. Computer vision, which is focused
on machine-based image processing, is often conflated with machine vision.
 Natural language processing (NLP): The processing of human -- and not computer --
language by a computer program. One of the older and best known examples of NLP is spam
detection, which looks at the subject line and the text of an email and decides if it's junk.
Current approaches to NLP are based on machine learning. NLP tasks include text translation,
sentiment analysis and speech recognition.
 Robotics: A field of engineering focused on the design and manufacturing of robots. Robots are
often used to perform tasks that are difficult for humans to perform or perform consistently.
 Self-driving Cars: These use a combination of computer vision, image recognition and deep
learning to build automated skill at piloting a vehicle while staying in a given lane and avoiding
unexpected obstructions, such as pedestrians.
Applications of Artificial Intelligent:
Artificial intelligence has made its way into a number of areas. Here are six examples.
 AI in healthcare. The biggest bets are on improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.
Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans.
One of the best known healthcare technologies is IBM Watson. It understands natural language
and is capable of responding to questions asked of it. The system mines patient data and other
available data sources to form a hypothesis, which it then presents with a confidence scoring
schema. Other AI applications include chatbots, a computer program used online to answer
questions and assist customers, to help schedule follow-up appointments or aid patients
through the billing process, and virtual health assistants that provide basic medical feedback.
 AI in business. Robotic process automation is being applied to highly repetitive tasks normally
performed by humans. Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and
CRM platforms to uncover information on how to better serve customers. Chatbots have been
incorporated into websites to provide immediate service to customers. Automation of job
positions has also become a talking point among academics and IT analysts.
 AI in education. AI can automate grading, giving educators more time. AI can assess students
and adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own pace. AI tutors can provide
additional support to students, ensuring they stay on track. AI could change where and how
students learn, perhaps even replacing some teachers.
 AI in finance. AI in personal finance applications, such as Mint or Turbo Tax, is disrupting
financial institutions. Applications such as these collect personal data and provide financial
advice. Other programs, such as IBM Watson, have been applied to the process of buying a
home. Today, software performs much of the trading on Wall Street.
 AI in law. The discovery process, sifting through of documents, in law is often overwhelming for
humans. Automating this process is a more efficient use of time. Start-ups are also building
question-and-answer computer assistants that can sift programmed-to-answer questions by
examining the taxonomy and ontology associated with a database.
 AI in manufacturing. This is an area that has been at the forefront of incorporating robots into
the workflow. Industrial robots used to perform single tasks and were separated from human
workers, but as the technology advanced that changed.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
 Error Reduction:
Artificial intelligence helps us in reducing the error and the chance of reaching accuracy with a
greater degree of precision. It is applied in various studies such as exploration of space.
Intelligent robots are fed with information and are sent to explore space.

 Difficult Exploration:
Artificial intelligence and the science of robotics can be put to use in mining and other fuel
exploration processes. Not only that, these complex machines can be used for exploring the ocean
floor and hence overcome the human limitations. Due to the programming of the robots, they can
perform more laborious and hard work with greater responsibility.

 Daily Application:
Computed methods for automated reasoning, learning and perception have become a common
phenomenon in our everyday lives. We have our lady Siri or Cortana to help us out. We are also
hitting the road for long drives and trips with the help of GPS. The smartphone is an apt and
everyday example of how we use artificial intelligence. In utilities, we find that they can predict
what we are going to type and correct the human errors in spelling. That is machine intelligence at
work.
When we take a picture, the artificial intelligence algorithm identifies and detects the person’s face
and tags the individuals when we are posting our photographs on social media sites. Artificial
Intelligence is widely employed by financial institutions and banking institutions to organize and
manage data. Detection of fraud uses artificial intelligence in a smart card based system.

 Digital Assistants:
Highly advanced organizations use ‘avatars’ which are replicas or digital assistants who can actually
interact with the users, thus saving the need for human resources.

For artificial thinkers, emotions come in the way of rational thinking and are not a distraction at all.
The complete absence of the emotional side makes the robots think logically and take the right
program decisions. Emotions are associated with moods that can cloud judgment and affect human
efficiency. This is completely ruled out for machine intelligence.
 Repetitive Jobs:
Repetitive jobs which are monotonous in nature can be carried out with the help of machine
intelligence. Machines think faster than humans and can be put to multi- tasking. Machine intelligence
can be employed to carry out dangerous tasks. Their parameters, unlike humans, can be adjusted.
Their speed and time are calculation based parameters only.
When humans play a computer game or run a computer-controlled robot, we are actually interacting
with artificial intelligence. In the game we are playing, the computer is our opponent. The machine
intelligence plans the game movement in response to our movements. We can consider gaming to be
the most common use of the benefits of artificial intelligence.

 Medical Applications:
In the medical field also, we will find the wide application of AI. Doctors assess the patients and their
health risks with the help of artificial machine intelligence. It educates them about the side effects of
various medicines. Medical professionals are often trained with artificial surgery simulators. It finds a
huge application in detecting and monitoring neurological disorders as it can simulate the brain
functions.

Robotics is used often in helping mental health patients to come out of depression and remain active.
A popular application of artificial intelligence is Radio - surgery. Radio-surgery is used in operating
tumours and this can actually help in the operation without damaging the surrounding tissues.

 No Breaks:
Machines, unlike humans, do not require frequent breaks and refreshments. They are programmed for
long hours and can continuously perform without getting bored or distracted or even tired.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:

 High Cost:
Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very complex machines. Their repair
and maintenance require huge costs. They have software programs which need frequent up gradation
to cater to the needs of the changing environment and the need for the machines to be smarter by the
day. In the case of severe breakdowns, the procedure to recover lost codes and reinstating the system
might require huge time and cost.

 No Replicating Humans:
Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature. An ethical argument continues, whether human
intelligence is to be replicated or not. Machines do not have any emotions and moral values. They
perform what is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong. Even cannot take
decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. They either perform incorrectly or
breakdown in such situations.

 No Improvement with Experience:

Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience. With time, it can lead to
wear and tear. It stores a lot of data but the way it can be accessed and used is very different from
human intelligence. Machines are unable to alter their responses to changing environments. We are
constantly bombarded by the question of whether it is really exciting to replace humans with
machines.
In the world of artificial intelligence, there is nothing like working with a whole heart or passionately.
Care or concerns are not present in the machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of belonging
or togetherness or a human touch. They fail to distinguish between a hardworking individual and an
inefficient individual.

 No Original Creativity:
Do you want creativity or imagination?
These are not the forte of artificial intelligence. While they can help you design and create, they are no
match to the power of thinking that the human brain has or even the originality of a creative mind.
Human beings are highly sensitive and emotional intellectuals. They see, hear, think and feel. Their
thoughts are guided by the feelings which completely lacks in machines. The inherent intuitive abilities
 of the human brain cannot be replicated.

 Unemployment:

Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large-scale unemployment. Unemployment is a

socially undesirable phenomenon. People with nothing to do can lead to the destructive use of their
creative minds. Humans can unnecessarily be highly dependent on the machines if the use of artificial
intelligence becomes rampant. They will lose their creative power and will become lazy. Also, if
humans start thinking in a destructive way, they can create havoc with these machines.

Artificial intelligence in wrong hands is a serious threat to mankind in general. It may lead to mass
destruction. Also, there is a constant fear of machines taking over or superseding the humans.
Based on the above discussion, the Association for the advancement of artificial intelligence has two
objectives – to develop and advance the science of artificial intelligence and to promote and educate
about the responsible usage of artificial intelligence.
Identifying and studying the risk of artificial intelligence is a very important task at hand. This can help
in resolving the issues at hand. Programming errors or cyber attacks need more dedicated and careful
research. Technology companies and the technology industry as a whole, needs to pay more attention
to the quality of the software.

Current Scenario / Position of Technology in IA:

AI is not the new technology it is very broad concept and comprises a set of powerful technologies that
are emerging under it like deep learning, Reinforcement Learning and Facial Recognition and many
more. AI is trending these days and yes it is the future.
AI is helping us in every aspects from surgeries to criminal tracking from autonomous driving to space
exploration like you name it and every industry is planning and implementing it, I don't think it is a
threat if we can control it, but as a fact everything comes with its advantages and disadvantages
recently most talked AI example was Sophia, a new AI humanoid robot created by David Hanson of
Hanson.

Robotics has been granted the citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Sophia defies conventional thinking of what
a robot should look like. Designed to look like Audrey Hepburn, Sophia embodies Hepburn's classic
beauty. Sophia is Hanson Robotics' latest and most advanced robot. She has also become a media
darling, having given numerous interviews to multiple media outlets, sang in a concert, and even
graced the cover of one of the top fashion magazines.
Future Aspects & Outlook of AI:
The Artificial Intelligence technology seems optimistic and it is expected to create some dramatic
changes in future. AI is transforming almost every industry. According to 2016 Gartner Research shows
that by 2020, at least 30% of the companies globally will use AI in at least one fragment of their sales
process.
All aforementioned technologies are not even close to being obsolete and each of them is pioneering
AI's progress. Artificial Intelligence isn't new, but its advances are moving at an exponential and
unprecedented pace. Bigger breakthroughs are just around the corner. Back in 1951, the First AI-based
program was written and 65 years later, in 2016, the Tech industry achieved a landmark event with
Alpha Go's victory in defeating world champion Lee Sedol by deep reinforcement learning in the
complex Chinese board game of Go. We've come a long way, but something tells me we still have a
long way to go. Thus, the impact of AI is going to be profound in coming years.

Conclusion :
Artificial intelligence advancements are occurring at an unprecedented rate. That being said, we can
expect that the trends from the past decade will continue swinging upward in the coming year. A few
things to keep our eyes on in 2019 include. The ability of computers (AI) is growing at a faster pace as
compared to the past decade. All things these also in mind; these are no second thought about the rise
& evolvement it has provided towards the technological advancement.

Hence Artificial intelligence is essential to survive in the current scenario of the cut throat competition
and future aspect.