IAS -EDEXCEL

PHYSICS

Transformation of
Trigonometric Functions

Menuka Suwinda
L4 – 5.3 Transformations of Trig Functions
MHF4U
Jensen

Part 1: Transformation Properties

𝑦 = 𝑎 sin[𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑑)] + 𝑐 Desmos Demonstration

𝑎 𝑘 𝑑 𝑐
Vertical stretch or Horizontal stretch or Phase shift Vertical shift
compression by a factor of 1
compression by a factor of |𝑘|.
|𝑎|. 𝑑 > 0; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐 > 0; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑢𝑝
Horizontal reflection if 𝑘 < 0.
Vertical reflection if 𝑎 < 0 𝑑 < 0; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑐 < 0; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
2𝜋
|𝑎| = 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
|𝑘|

1 𝜋
Example 1: For the function 𝑦 = 3 sin [2 (𝜃 + 3)] − 1, state the…

Amplitude: Period:

𝑎𝑚𝑝 = |𝑎| = 3 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = = = 4𝜋
|𝑘| (1)
2

Phase shift: Vertical shift:

Max: Min:

𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑐 + 𝑎𝑚𝑝 = −1 + 3 = 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑐 − 𝑎𝑚𝑝 = −1 − 3 = −4

𝜋
Example 2: Graph 𝑦 = 2 sin [2 (𝑥 − 3)] + 1 using transformations. Then state the amplitude and period of
the function.

𝜋
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑦 = 2 sin [2 (𝑥 − )] + 1
3
𝒙 𝝅
𝒙 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏
𝟐 𝟑
𝜋 2𝜋
0 0 = 1
3 6
𝜋 7𝜋 3.5𝜋
1 = 3
2 12 6
5𝜋
𝜋 0 1
6
3𝜋 13𝜋 6.5𝜋
−1 = -1
2 12 6
4𝜋 8𝜋
2𝜋 0 = 1
3 6

𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑚𝑖𝑛 3−(−1)
Amplitude: = =2 Period: 𝜋 radians
2 2
Part 3: Given the Graph → Write the Equation

𝑦 = 𝑎 sin[𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑑)] + 𝑐

𝑎 𝑘 𝑑 𝑐
Find the amplitude of the Find the period (in radians) for 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙: 𝑥-coordinate of a Find the vertical shift
function: of the function using a rising mid-line.
starting point and ending 𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒
point of a full cycle. for 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙: 𝑥-coordinate of a
𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛 maximum point. OR
𝑎= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
2𝜋 𝜋 𝑐=
𝑘= 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 2
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 2𝑘
𝜋 (this finds the ‘middle’ of
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛 + the function)
2𝑘

Example 3: Determine the equation of a sine and cosine function that describes the following graph
Example 4: Determine the equation of a sine and cosine function that describes the following graph

Example 5:
𝜋
a) Create a sine function with an amplitude of 7, a period of 𝜋, a phase shift of 4 right, and a vertical
displacement of -3.

𝑎=7

2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑘= = =2 𝜋
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝜋 𝑦 = 7 sin [2 (𝑥 − )] − 3
4
𝑐 = −3

𝜋
𝑑=
4

b) What would be the equation of a cosine function that represents the same graph as the sine function
above?

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛 + = + = + = =
2𝑘 4 2(2) 4 4 4 2

𝜋
𝑦 = 7 cos [2 (𝑥 − )] − 3
2
Part 4: Even and Odd Functions

Even Functions Odd Functions

Line symmetry over the 𝑦-axis Point symmetry about the origin (0, 0)

Rule: Rule:
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) −𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)

Example: Example:

𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑦 = sin 𝑥

𝜋
𝑓( ) = 1
2
𝑓(𝜋) = −1
𝜋
𝑓 (− ) = −1
𝑓(−𝜋) = −1 2

Therefore, Therefore,

𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (𝜋) = 𝑓 (−𝜋) −𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓 (− )
2 2

𝑦 = tan 𝑥 is
also an odd function