Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24CV1-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-2753-3

IoT based Intelligent Systems for Vehicle

2024 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT) | 979-8-3503-2753-3/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IDCIOT59759.2024.10467841

P. Vishnu Kumar Adnan Ali Akula Zaheer Sha

Assistant Professor, Department of Student, Department of Internet of Student, Department of Internet of
Internet of Things, G. Pullaiah Things, G. Pullaiah College of Things, G. Pullaiah College of
College of Engineering and Engineering and Technology, Engineering and Technology,
Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Pradesh, India. [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]

Siddem Rajesh
Student, Department of Internet of
Things, G. Pullaiah College of
Engineering, and Technology,
Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[email protected]

Abstract - This paper introduces an intelligent vehicle

I. Introduction
system implemented through Internet of Things (IoT)
technology, employing various sensors for
The Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) is a ground-
comprehensive vehicle monitoring. The ESP32
breaking development in automotive technology that has
microcontroller processes sensor data and manages the
been painstakingly designed to completely reimagine the
system's actuators. The system focuses on enhancing
field of monitoring, communication, and road safety. This
vehicle safety by detecting drunk driving, accidents, and
innovative program is a monument to technical innovation
driver fatigue. Recent techniques, including machine
that is steadfastly committed to improving driver welfare
learning algorithms for improved detection accuracy
and raising the bar for road safety. Intelligent System for
and edge computing for real-time processing, are
Vehicles skillfully combines a wide range of innovative
explored. Challenges faced by such systems, such as
features and cutting-edge technology, resulting in the
sensor calibration, data accuracy, and the integration of
development of an advanced, networked automobile
complex algorithms, are acknowledged. Despite these
environment.
challenges, real-world evaluations confirm the system's
effectiveness in identifying instances of drunk driving, Each component greatly adds to the core capabilities of the
accidents, and driver fatigue. The system consistently system, from the intricate MQ-3 sensors for accurate
delivers real-time vehicle tracking information and anti- alcohol detection to the perceptive vibration sensors
theft alerts. The proposed intelligent vehicle system specialized in accident identification, the use of Twilio for
aims to address these challenges and significantly internet-based messaging, GSM modules for non-internet-
improve vehicle safety and convenience. It is designed to based communication, GPS modules for real-time tracking,
be innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly, making and the interactive real-time monitoring made possible by
it a valuable asset for any driver. the Blynk app.
Keywords - Accident Alert, Alcohol Detection, Real- Intelligent System for Vehicles 's steadfast dedication to
time Vehicle Tracking, Driver Fatigue Detection, Seat- passenger safety is noteworthy, as demonstrated by the
Belt Alert, Internet of Things (IoT) Technology, Post- addition of a Seat Belt Alert system. By using a
crash Assistance, Vehicle Safety Monitoring, Safety comprehensive approach, separate parts become a cohesive,
Innovati on. intelligent system that goes beyond traditional car safety
paradigms. With an emphasis on accident prevention,
alcohol consumption risk mitigation, and fostering a culture

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24CV1-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-2753-3

of responsible driving, Intelligent System for Vehicles seeks vehicle's cabin. These sensors utilize specialized technology to
to close important gaps in safety and communication. accurately assess the pres ence of alcohol. In the event of
alcohol detection, the system promptly issues alerts,
Presented as the height of innovation, ISV promises safer discouraging drunk driving and promoting responsible
roads and increases the effectiveness of vehicle monitoring behavior behind the wheel. This proactive approach enhances
while simultaneously promoting cautious driving practices. overall safety and aligns with the system's goal of prev enting
This investigation explores the complex aspects of the impaired driving.
Intelligent System for Vehicles, carefully breaking down its
components, revealing all of its functions, and speculating B. Accident Alerting:
on the significant impact it will likely have on the In the event of an accident, the proposed system offers
automotive sector going forward. Intelligent System for instant accident detection capabilities. It employs sensors and
Vehicles is shown as a revolutionary force that has the collision detection algorithms to identify accidents swiftly,
potential to completely change the safety and triggering immediate alerts. These alerts can help facilitate a
communication aspects of cars in our constantly linked rapid response by sending SMS to the registered mobile
world. number and potentially save lives.

II. Existing System C. Real-time Vehicle Tracking:

To achieve security in the system, real-time vehicle
The current system is engineered to rapidly detect car tracking plays a crucial role. The implementation of GPS-based
accidents and alert emergency services efficiently. It
tracking enables constant monitoring of vehicles. This feature
utilizes an accelerometer to identify abrupt changes in allows owners to remotely track their vehicles in real-time,
motion, triggering an alert if predefined thresholds are serving as an effective theft deterrent. The ability to monitor
surpassed. Once activated, the alert system promptly sends and manage fleets enhances overall vehicle s ecurity and proves
a detailed SMS to aid centers, providing crucial accident to be a valuable asset for businesses.
information, including time and location, for a swift
emergency response. Users are empowered to halt the alert D. Driver Sleep Alert:
message if assistance is unnecessary, offering a level of Fatigue is a significant contributor to accidents,
control. Communication is facilitated through GSM, and particularly during long journeys. The system combats this risk
the system integrates GPS for precise accident location by monitoring driver fatigue through blink detection. When
tracking. Additionally, the system furnishes insights into signs of drowsiness are detected, it issues timely alerts to keep
the vehicle's rollover angle, enhancing the overall accident the driver alert and focused on the road, reducing the risk of
information. accidents caused by fatigue.
While the system showcases merits in swift accident
E. Seat Belt Alert:
detection, timely emergency response, user control, and
Promoting seat belt usage is crucial for occupant
accurate location tracking, certain demerits exist.
safety. The system includes a seat belt alert feature that reminds
Dependence on predefined motion thresholds may lead to
drivers and passengers to fasten their seat belts. This simple yet
false alarms or oversight of less intense accidents. Limited
effective reminder contributes to increased seat belt compliance
information provision and reliance on GSM networks for
and overall safety.
communication may pose challenges in areas with limited
coverage, signaling areas for potential improvement in
To reduce the impact in case of an accident, an intelligent
future intelligent vehicle systems.
vehicle system has been proposed, leveraging Internet of
Things (IoT) technology. Equipped with various sensors, an
III. Proposed System ESP32 microcontroller processes data and manages actuators
The Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) represents a to enhance vehicle safety. The system focuses on detecting
comprehensive solution aimed at enhancing automotive safety drunk driving, accidents, and driver fatigue. Additionally, it
and monitoring. This advanced system incorporates several key offers real-time vehicle tracking and anti-theft alerts. Real-
features to improve road safety and driver well-being. The world evaluations demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying
primary components of the proposed system include: safety issues and consistently providing tracking information
and anti-theft alerts. This affordable and user-friendly system
has the potential to significantly improve overall vehicle safety
A. Alcohol Detection:
and convenience.
To achieve alcohol detection, the system incorporates
advanced sensors designed to monitor alcohol levels within the

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24CV1-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-2753-3

The Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) leverages these turning the system's insights into timely alarms, leading to
integrated features to create a comprehensive solution for better safety and rapid reaction capabilities.
vehicle safety. By addressing key factors contributing to
accidents and promoting responsible driving behavior, it aims C. Integration of GPS
to enhance road safety, reduce accidents, and protect lives.
The GPS module, a navigation wizard in our system, is
This system is designed to be user-friendly and cost-effective, powered by the Global Positioning System. This small device
providing a valuable tool for both individual vehicle owners provides precise worldwide determination of location, speed,
and businesses operating vehicle fleets. and time. By utilizing signals from a satellite network, our
High accuracy in the intelligent vehicle system is achieved technology is able to deliver accurate and real-time coordinates
through advanced sensors and the ESP32 microcontroller's for the vehicle. The GPS module provides critical information
efficient data processing. The system focuses on detecting such as time and coordinates using the NMEA sentence
drunk driving, accidents, and driver fatigue with precision. $GPGGA, ensuring a dependable data source for our
Sophisticated algorithms and real-time processing contribute to Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV). This inconspicuous GPS
its reliable performance in real-world evaluations. The module emerges as a silent yet vital contributor in the
combination of these elements ensures the system's landscape of Internet of Things - based car safety, leading the
effectiveness in enhancing overall safety and convenience for system with maximum precision and reliability. In Figure 1.3,
drivers. you can see the GPS module, which plays a crucial role in our
system.
IV. Hardware Components

A. ESP32 Microcontroller D. Integration of Vibration Sensor

The ESP32, serving as the brain of the system, is a The vibration sensor, our system's silent protector. This
versatile microcontroller meticulously crafted by Espress if simple device detects rapid changes in the vehicle's velocity by
Systems. Boasting dual-core processors, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth measuring acceleration forces and vibrations. This sensor,
connectivity, and an array of GPIO pins, it stands as an ideal which is widely utilized in a variety of applications ranging
choice for Internet of Things and embedded applications. Its from industrial machinery monitoring to motion detection in
affordability and robust open-source support have solidified its electrical gadgets, discreetly guarantees that our system
popularity among developers, facilitating innovation in various remains attentive. As part of the Intelligent System for Vehicles
projects. With the ESP32 at its core, our system gains the (ISV), it is critical in spotting accidents or significant events
computational power and connectivity needed to seamlessly and delivering critical data to the system. This unassuming
integrate and orchestrate diverse hardware components, driving vibration sensor is the unsung hero of Internet of Things and
the intelligence behind the Intelligent System for Vehicles car safety, ensuring our system is perfectly tuned to the
(ISV). As shown in Figure 1.0, you can see the ESP32 intricacies of the vehicle's movement. In Figure 1.4, you can
microcontroller is the central component of our system. see the unassuming vibration sensor, a crucial component in
our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV).
B. Integration of GSM
E. Integration of Eyeblink Sensor
The Global System for Mobile Communications
standard is followed by the GSM module, a critical The eyeblink sensor, a perceptive component of our
communicator in our system. It is small and efficient, and it system, excels in capturing and evaluating a person's eyeblink
runs smoothly across multiple frequency bands, allowing frequency and intensity. Beyond its small size, the gadget has a
for dependable voice, text messaging, and data wide range of applications, from research and healthcare to
transmission. This module, which integrates seamlessly human-computer interaction studies. This unobtrusive sensor
with the Microcontroller, enables our system to send timely examines blinking patterns in our setting, providing insights
accident alerts through SMS. As shown in Figure 1.1, you about the driver's cognitive and emotional condition. It
can observe the GSM module that facilitates contributes to overall safety as part of the Intelligent System
communication in our system. The designed Arduino to for Vehicles (ISV) by assessing the driver's attention. This
interface with the GSM module using AT instructions, simple eyeblink sensor serves as a perceptive ally in the area of
resulting in a simple and responsive communication route. Internet of Things -based car monitoring, ensuring our system
This tiny GSM module plays a critical part in the overall remains attentive to the human element of driving. As shown in
scheme of our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV), Figure 1.5, you can observe the simple eyeblink sensor, a
perceptive ally in our ISV.

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)
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F. Use of Actuators

If a person consumes alcohol and attempts to drive the

vehicle, the engines will not turn on, as indicated by
actuators such as motors and a buzzer as an alarm. If a
person does not wear the seat belt, the buzzer will continue
to ring until and unless they wear the seat belt in order to
reduce the impact in case of an accident.

If a driver is sleepy or fatigued, the buzzer will sound as an

alert to wake him up if he shuts his eyes for more than 3-5 Fig 1.6: Blynk App
seconds.
D. IoT Technology Integration

The entire system is underpinned by IoT technology,

seamlessly connecting various components for real-time
monitoring and data processing. The integration of IoT
enhances the overall functionality and effectiveness of our
Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV), making it a smart
and networked solution for automotive safety and
monitoring.

VI. Quantitative Analysis

The Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) underwent a

V. Software Components meticulous quantitative analysis, rigorously evaluating its
performance in critical safety scenarios. A focus was placed
A. Arduino IDE on precision, recall, accuracy, response time, false positive
and false negative rates, user feedback, and system
Our coding canvas, Arduino IDE, provides a user- reliability. In terms of accuracy metrics, the ISV's
friendly environment for programming Arduino proficiency in accident detection, alcohol presence
microcontrollers. It is the creative environment where code monitoring, and fatigue alerts was assessed using standard
is developed, compiled, and uploaded to ensure a smooth measurements such as precision, recall, and the F1 score.
development experience for our Intelligent System for An emphasis on response time gauged the system's real-
Vehicles (ISV). time capabilities, crucial for timely responses to safety
concerns. The analysis delved into false positive and false
B. Twilio Platform negative rates, offering insights into the ISV's precision and
sensitivity. User feedback surveys and assessments
Twilio is a cloud platform that streamlines the provided quantitative data on usability, effectiveness, and
integration of phone, SMS, and communication features overall satisfaction, contributing to a user-centric
into our system. Twilio provides our Intelligent System for evaluation. Additionally, the quantitative analysis included
Vehicles (ISV) with comprehensive communication an assessment of system reliability and availability under
options, guaranteeing timely and dependable notifications. diverse conditions. In summary, the quantitative analysis
comprehensively scrutinized the ISV's accuracy, response
C. Blynk App time, false positive and false negative rates, user
satisfaction, and reliability, affirming its efficacy in
Our smartphone companion, Blynk, is a simple app that
enhancing vehicle safety and monitoring.
easily enables our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV). It
enables the construction and management of Internet of Things The Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) combines a
projects by offering an easy-to-use interface for interacting comprehensive approach to optimizing systems and safety
with hardware devices like as Microcontroller. Our ISV features. It aligns hardware and software components to
becomes more controllable and responsive with Blynk, achieve the best performance. The ESP32 Microcontroller,
increasing user engagement and control. As shown in Figure which serves as the brain of the system, undergoes rigorous
1.6, you can observe the Blynk app, which provides user- optimization to ensure efficient data processing. The
friendly control). sensors are carefully calibrated to capture accurate, real-

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP24CV1-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-2753-3

time data, improving the system's responsiveness. The

software components prioritize code efficiency and use the
Arduino IDE for coding. Advanced methods are used to
fine-tune real-time processing, reducing delays and
increasing system agility. The ISV focuses on achieving
high accuracy in safety detection through precise sensors
and advanced algorithms. The ESP32 Microcontroller plays
a crucial role in swiftly and accurately processing sensor
data, thanks to its dual-core CPUs. Real-time processing is
essential for enhancing accuracy, enabling quick analysis,
and detecting safety concerns early on. Safety measures are
implemented, including carefully selected actuators. These
actuators include mechanisms like an engine locking
system to prevent operation in hazardous conditions and a
Fig 1.7: Alcohol Detection Alert Msg
seat belt alarm to promote safety precautions. The ISV's
holistic approach to safety and system optimization The integration of a cloud platform, such as Blynk
demonstrates its commitment to optimal performance while App, allows for real-time vehicle monitoring. This feature
prioritizing user safety and well-being. enables car owners to track and monitor their vehicles
remotely in real time, offering useful information for better
VII. Results management and security. As shown in Figure 1.8, you can
see a visual representation of the real-time vehicle
When an accident is detected, our Intelligent System for
monitoring provided by the Blynk App, which is an integral
Vehicles (ISV) immediately launches a sequence of actions.
part of our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV).
The GPS module pinpoints the exact location, guaranteeing
that an alarm is transmitted to the selected emergency services
as soon as possible through the integrated GSM module.
Concurrently, an alert message is sent to the registered mobile
number, providing critical information for prompt help. As
shown in Figure 1.7, you can see the Accident Alert message
that our ISV generates in case of an accident.

Fig 1.8: Accident Location

Our ISV's seat belt alert ensures that everyone buckles

Fig 1.7: Accident Alert Message up, hence increasing vehicle safety. This basic feature
encourages the use of seat belts, which is a vital part of overall
The MQ-3 sensor functions as a vigilant guardian in safety. Furthermore, our system watches the driver using a
cases of alcohol detection or drunk driving. If alcohol fatigue monitoring feature that makes use of the Blink sensor.
levels exceed predetermined values, the device sends an If the driver feels fatigued, the technology informs them ahead
immediate notice. It also prevents the engine from starting of time, allowing them to remain focused on the road. With
and sends an alert to the registered mobile number, these characteristics, our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV)
ensuring a precautionary step against potential accidents not only detects accidents, drunk driving, and fatigue, but also
caused by impaired driving. As shown in Figure 1.7, you acts proactively. This all-in-one solution increases vehicle
can observe the Alcohol Detection Alert message generated safety, making our Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) a
by the Intelligent System for Vehicles (ISV) when alcohol reliable road companion for everyone.
levels are detected above the threshold.

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT-2024)
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