# [ Excel Data Manipulation ] CheatSheet

1. Text Functions

● Extract first word: =LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1&" ")-1)

● Extract last word: =RIGHT(A1,LEN(A1)-FIND("~",SUBSTITUTE(A1,"
","~",LEN(A1)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1," ","")))))
● Extract nth word: =TRIM(MID(SUBSTITUTE(A1," ",REPT("
",100)),((N-1)*100)+1,100))
● Get text between delimiters:
=MID(A1,FIND("[",A1)+1,FIND("]",A1)-FIND("[",A1)-1)
● Remove special characters:
=SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1,CHAR(10),""),CHAR(13),"")
● Clean text: =TRIM(CLEAN(A1))
● Convert to proper case: =PROPER(A1)
● Extract numbers from text: =VALUE(REGEXREPLACE(A1,"[^0-9]",""))
● Extract text from numbers: =REGEXREPLACE(A1,"[0-9]","")
● Concatenate with delimiter: =TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,A1:A10)

2. Date Functions

● Extract year: =YEAR(A1)

● Extract month: =MONTH(A1)
● Extract day: =DAY(A1)
● Extract week number: =WEEKNUM(A1)
● Extract quarter: =ROUNDUP(MONTH(A1)/3,0)
● Days between dates: =DATEDIF(A1,B1,"D")
● Months between dates: =DATEDIF(A1,B1,"M")
● Years between dates: =DATEDIF(A1,B1,"Y")
● First day of month: =EOMONTH(A1,-1)+1
● Last day of month: =EOMONTH(A1,0)

3. Lookup Functions

● Vlookup exact match:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index,FALSE)
● Vlookup approximate match:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index,TRUE)
● Hlookup: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index,FALSE)
● Index-Match: =INDEX(return_array,MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,0))

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Index-Match-Match:
=INDEX(return_array,MATCH(row_lookup,row_array,0),MATCH(col_lookup,
col_array,0))
● Multiple criteria lookup:
=INDEX(return_array,MATCH(1,(criteria1=array1)*(criteria2=array2),0
))
● Xlookup:
=XLOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_array,return_array,if_not_found)
● Xmatch: =XMATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,match_mode,search_mode)
● Lookup with wildcard:
=VLOOKUP("*"&A1&"*",table_array,col_index,FALSE)
● Case-insensitive lookup:
=VLOOKUP(LOWER(A1),LOWER(table_array),col_index,FALSE)

4. Conditional Functions

● Nested IF: =IF(A1>90,"A",IF(A1>80,"B",IF(A1>70,"C","F")))

● IFS function: =IFS(A1>90,"A",A1>80,"B",A1>70,"C",TRUE,"F")
● SWITCH function: =SWITCH(A1,1,"One",2,"Two",3,"Three","Other")
● Conditional SUM: =SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range)
● Conditional COUNT: =COUNTIF(range,criteria)
● Multiple criteria SUM:
=SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,criteria_range2,criteri
a2)
● Multiple criteria COUNT:
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range1,criteria1,criteria_range2,criteria2)
● Conditional AVERAGE: =AVERAGEIF(range,criteria,average_range)
● Multiple criteria AVERAGE:
=AVERAGEIFS(average_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,criteria_range2
,criteria2)
● Logical AND: =IF(AND(condition1,condition2),"Yes","No")

5. Array Functions

● Array SUM: =SUM(IF(condition,value_if_true))

● Array COUNT: =COUNT(IF(condition,value_if_true))
● Array AVERAGE: =AVERAGE(IF(condition,value_if_true))
● Array MAX: =MAX(IF(condition,value_if_true))
● Array MIN: =MIN(IF(condition,value_if_true))
● Array multiplication: =SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2)
● Array division: =SUMPRODUCT(array1,1/array2)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Array concatenation:
=TEXTJOIN(",",TRUE,IF(condition,value_if_true,""))
● Dynamic range array: =INDEX(array,SEQUENCE(ROWS(array)))
● Filter array: =FILTER(array,condition)

6. Statistical Functions

● Calculate mode: =MODE.SNGL(range)

● Calculate median: =MEDIAN(range)
● Calculate variance: =VAR.P(range)
● Calculate standard deviation: =STDEV.P(range)
● Calculate correlation: =CORREL(array1,array2)
● Calculate percentile: =PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)
● Calculate rank: =RANK.EQ(number,ref,order)
● Calculate frequency: =FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
● Calculate quartile: =QUARTILE.INC(array,quart)
● Calculate z-score: =(value-AVERAGE(range))/STDEV.P(range)

7. Text Manipulation

● Extract left n characters: =LEFT(text,n)

● Extract right n characters: =RIGHT(text,n)
● Extract middle characters: =MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
● Find position of text: =FIND(find_text,within_text)
● Case-insensitive find: =SEARCH(find_text,within_text)
● Replace text: =SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,new_text,instance_num)
● Repeat text: =REPT(text,number_times)
● Remove spaces: =TRIM(text)
● Count words: =LEN(TRIM(A1))-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1," ",""))+1
● Split text: =FILTERXML("<t><s>"&SUBSTITUTE(A1,"
","</s><s>")&"</s></t>","//s")

8. Data Cleaning

● Remove duplicates formula:

=IF(COUNTIF($A$1:A1,A1)>1,"Duplicate","Unique")
● Remove leading zeros: =VALUE(text)
● Remove trailing zeros: =TEXT(number,"#.####")
● Fix date format: =DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1),DAY(A1))
● Convert to number: =--text
● Remove non-printable characters: =CLEAN(text)
By: Waleed Mousa
 ● Remove specific character: =SUBSTITUTE(text,char,"")
● Standardize case: =UPPER(text) or =LOWER(text)
● Remove line breaks:
=SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1,CHAR(10),""),CHAR(13),"")
● Validate email format:
=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("@",A1))*(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(".",A1))),"Valid","In
valid")

9. Pivot Table Formulas

● Calculated field: =SUM(Sales)/SUM(Units)

● Running total in pivot:
=GETPIVOTDATA("Sales",PivotTable,RunningTotal)
● Percent of total: =Current/TOTAL
● Difference from previous: =Current-PREVIOUS
● Year-over-year growth: =(Current-PREVIOUS)/PREVIOUS
● Moving average: =AVERAGE(OFFSET(Current,-N+1,0,N,1))
● Rank within category: =RANK(Current,CategoryRange)
● Cumulative total: =SUM($A$1:A1)
● Percent of parent: =Current/Parent
● Growth rate: =(Current/First)-1

10. Power Query Formulas (M Language)

● Remove columns: Table.RemoveColumns(Source, {"Column1", "Column2"})

● Filter rows: Table.SelectRows(Source, each [Column] > 100)
● Group by: Table.Group(Source, {"GroupColumn"}, {{"Sum", each
List.Sum([Value]), type number}})
● Pivot: Table.Pivot(Source, List.Distinct([PivotColumn]),
"PivotColumn", "ValueColumn")
● Unpivot: Table.UnpivotOtherColumns(Source, {"KeepColumn"},
"Attribute", "Value")
● Merge queries: Table.NestedJoin(Table1, "Key", Table2, "Key",
"NewColumn", JoinKind.Inner)
● Split column: Table.SplitColumn(Source, "Column",
Splitter.SplitTextByDelimiter(","))
● Replace values: Table.ReplaceValue(Source, "Old", "New",
Replacer.ReplaceText)
● Add custom column: Table.AddColumn(Source, "NewColumn", each
[Column1] + [Column2])
● Sort table: Table.Sort(Source, {{"Column", Order.Ascending}})
By: Waleed Mousa
11. Error Handling

● Handle division by zero: =IFERROR(A1/B1,0)

● Check for error: =IF(ISERROR(A1),"Error","Valid")
● Handle N/A: =IFNA(VLOOKUP(...),"Not Found")
● Multiple error types: =IF(ISERR(A1),"Error",IF(ISNA(A1),"N/A",A1))
● Custom error message: =IFERROR(formula,"Custom Message")
● Check for specific error: =IF(ISREF(A1),"Valid Reference","Invalid
Reference")
● Handle circular reference: =IF(ISERROR(A1),0,A1)
● Validate numeric input: =IF(ISNUMBER(A1),A1,"Invalid Number")
● Check for blank: =IF(ISBLANK(A1),"Empty","Not Empty")
● Error location: =ADDRESS(ROW(),COLUMN())

12. Advanced Data Analysis

● Moving correlation:
=CORREL(OFFSET($A$1,ROW()-1,0,N,1),OFFSET($B$1,ROW()-1,0,N,1))
● Exponential smoothing: =α*Current+(1-α)*Previous
● Linear regression:
=SLOPE(y_range,x_range)*x+INTERCEPT(y_range,x_range)
● Compound annual growth rate: =(Last/First)^(1/Years)-1
● Rolling standard deviation: =STDEV.P(OFFSET($A$1,ROW()-1,0,N,1))
● Anomaly detection:
=IF(ABS(Current-AVERAGE(Range))>2*STDEV.P(Range),"Anomaly","Normal"
)
● Pareto analysis: =SUMPRODUCT(--(Range>=Current))/SUM(Range)
● ABC classification:
=IF(CumulativePercent<=0.8,"A",IF(CumulativePercent<=0.95,"B","C"))
● Time series decomposition: =Current/AVERAGE(OFFSET(Current,-11,0,12))
● Forecast: =FORECAST.LINEAR(x,known_y,known_x)

13. Data Validation

● Range validation: =AND(A1>=Min,A1<=Max)

● List validation: =COUNTIF(ValidList,A1)>0
● Date validation: =AND(A1>=StartDate,A1<=EndDate)
● Pattern validation: =LEN(A1)=LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1,"*",""))
● Unique value validation: =COUNTIF($A$1:$A$100,A1)=1
● Dependencies validation: =IF(A1="Yes",B1<>"")
● Format validation: =AND(LEN(A1)=10,ISNUMBER(--SUBSTITUTE(A1,"-","")))
By: Waleed Mousa
 ● Conditional validation:
=OR(AND(A1="Type1",B1>0),AND(A1="Type2",B1<0))
● Cross-reference validation: =COUNTIF(OtherRange,A1)>0
● Complex validation: =AND(validation1,validation2,validation3)

14. Business Intelligence Functions

● Customer lifetime value:

=AVERAGE(Revenue)*RetentionRate/(1-RetentionRate)
● Market share: =Sales/TotalMarketSales
● Customer churn rate: =LostCustomers/TotalCustomers
● Revenue per employee: =TotalRevenue/EmployeeCount
● Inventory turnover: =COGS/AverageInventory
● Accounts receivable turnover:
=NetCreditSales/AverageAccountsReceivable
● Debt to equity ratio: =TotalLiabilities/TotalEquity
● Gross profit margin: =(Revenue-COGS)/Revenue
● Operating leverage: =(Revenue-VariableCosts)/(Revenue-TotalCosts)
● Return on investment: =NetProfit/Investment

15. Advanced Lookup and Reference

● Multi-condition lookup:
=INDEX(Return,MATCH(1,(Condition1)*(Condition2),0))
● Dynamic named range: =OFFSET(StartCell,0,0,COUNTA(Column),1)
● Indirect reference: =INDIRECT("Sheet1!A"&ROW())
● Column letter to number: =COLUMN(INDIRECT(ColumnLetter&"1"))
● Find last row: =MATCH(2,1/(NOT(ISBLANK(Range))),1)
● Find last column: =MATCH(2,1/(NOT(ISBLANK(Row))),1)
● Dynamic range reference: =ADDRESS(ROW(),COLUMN())
● Cross-worksheet reference:
=INDIRECT("'"&SheetName&"'!"&CellReference)
● Array lookup: =INDEX(Return,SMALL(IF(Condition,ROW(Condition)),N))
● Reverse lookup: =INDEX(Return,MATCH(Value,Index,0))

16. Advanced Text Manipulation

● Extract domain from email: =MID(A1,FIND("@",A1)+1,LEN(A1))

● Extract phone number format:
=TEXT(--REGEXREPLACE(A1,"[^0-9]",""),"(###) ###-####")
● Convert number to words: =NUMBERVALUE(Text)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Parse name components: =FILTERXML("<t><s>"&SUBSTITUTE(A1,"
","</s><s>")&"</s></t>","//s[1]")
● Remove multiple spaces: =REGEXREPLACE(A1,"\s+"," ")
● Extract URL components:
=MID(A1,FIND("://",A1)+3,FIND("/",A1,9)-FIND("://",A1)-3)
● Format currency: =TEXT(A1,"$#,##0.00")
● Parse CSV string: =TRIM(MID(SUBSTITUTE(A1,",",REPT("
",999)),N*999-998,999))
● Convert case conditionally:
=IF(LEFT(A1)=UPPER(LEFT(A1)),PROPER(A1),A1)
● Format social security number: =TEXT(--LEFT(A1,9),"000-00-0000")

17. Advanced Date and Time

● Working days between dates: =NETWORKDAYS(StartDate,EndDate)

● Add working days: =WORKDAY(StartDate,NumberOfDays)
● Next working day: =WORKDAY(Date,1)
● Previous working day: =WORKDAY(Date,-1)
● Fiscal year start: =DATE(YEAR(Date),FiscalStartMonth,1)
● Fiscal quarter: =ROUNDUP((MONTH(Date)-FiscalStartMonth+13)/3,0)
● Age calculation: =DATEDIF(Birthdate,TODAY(),"Y")
● Days remaining in month: =DAY(EOMONTH(Date,0))-DAY(Date)
● Week ending date: =Date-WEEKDAY(Date,2)+5
● ISO week number: =ISOWEEKNUM(Date)

18. Performance Optimization

● Array constant: =SUM(N(IF(Condition,Value)))

● Replace VLOOKUP with INDEX-MATCH: =INDEX(Return,MATCH(Lookup,Range,0))
● Use helper columns: =IF(HelperColumn=Criteria,Calculation)
● Minimize volatile functions: =ROW() instead of =NOW()
● Array optimization: {=SUM(IF(Condition,Value))}
● Reduce calculation chain: =IF(Trigger,ComplexFormula,PreviousValue)
● Use tables for structured references: =TableName[ColumnName]
● Efficient range references: =A:A vs =A1:A1000
● Minimize array size: =MATCH(2,1/(Condition)) instead of
=MATCH(TRUE,Condition,0)
● Use structured table references: =[@ColumnName]

By: Waleed Mousa

19. Data Mining Techniques

● Binning data: =FLOOR(Value,BinSize)

● Frequency distribution: =FREQUENCY(DataRange,BinsRange)
● Outlier detection: =IF(ABS((Value-Mean)/StdDev)>3,"Outlier","Normal")
● Pattern recognition: =IF(REGEXMATCH(Text,Pattern),"Match","No Match")
● Association rules:
=IF(Support>=MinSupport*AND(Confidence>=MinConfidence),"Valid","Inv
alid")
● Decision tree node:
=IF(Feature1<=Threshold1,Class1,IF(Feature2<=Threshold2,Class2,Clas
s3))
● K-means distance: =SQRT(SUMXMY2(Point1,Point2))
● Similarity score:
=SUMPRODUCT(Vector1,Vector2)/SQRT(SUMPRODUCT(Vector1,Vector1)*SUMPR
ODUCT(Vector2,Vector2))
● Feature scaling: =(Value-Min)/(Max-Min)
● Data discretization:
=CHOOSE(MATCH(Value,Thresholds,1),"Low","Medium","High")

20. Advanced Statistical Analysis

● Multiple regression: =LINEST(y_range,x_range,TRUE,TRUE)

● Chi-square test: =CHISQ.TEST(ObservedRange,ExpectedRange)
● T-test: =T.TEST(Array1,Array2,2,1)
● F-test: =F.TEST(Array1,Array2)
● ANOVA: =ANOVA(DataRange,Groups)
● Confidence interval: =CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,StdDev,n)
● Skewness: =SKEW(Range)
● Kurtosis: =KURT(Range)
● Covariance: =COVARIANCE.P(Array1,Array2)
● Box plot calculations: =QUARTILE.INC(Range,{0,1,2,3,4})

21. Financial Modeling

● Net present value: =NPV(Rate,CashFlows)

● Internal rate of return: =IRR(CashFlows)
● Modified IRR: =MIRR(CashFlows,FinanceRate,ReinvestRate)
● Depreciation: =DB(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period)
● Loan payment: =PMT(Rate,Term,PrincipalAmount)
● Future value: =FV(Rate,Nper,Pmt,Pv)
By: Waleed Mousa
 ● Present value: =PV(Rate,Nper,Pmt,Fv)
● Effective annual rate: =(1+NominalRate/Frequency)^Frequency-1
● Bond price:
=PRICE(Settlement,Maturity,Rate,Yield,Redemption,Frequency)
● Option pricing: =BLACK_SCHOLES(S,K,T,R,Sigma,"call")

22. Report Automation

● Dynamic report title: ="Report for "&TEXT(TODAY(),"mmmm yyyy")

● Auto-updating timestamp: =TEXT(NOW(),"dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss")
● Page numbering: ="Page "&PAGE()&" of "&NUMPAGES
● Dynamic chart range: =OFFSET(StartCell,0,0,COUNTA(DataRange),1)
● Conditional formatting formula: =AND($B2>0,$C2<$B2)
● Auto-expanding table: =@TableName
● Dynamic named range: =OFFSET(Sheet1!$A$1,0,0,COUNTA(Sheet1!$A:$A),1)
● Auto-refresh trigger:
=IF(NOW()>LastRefresh+TimeInterval,REFRESH(),"")
● Dynamic report filter: =FILTER(Range,Criteria)
● Automated summary statistics:
=CHOOSE({1,2,3},COUNT(Range),AVERAGE(Range),MAX(Range))

23. Advanced Error Detection

● Data type mismatch:

=IF(ISNUMBER(--A1)=ISNUMBER(A1),"Match","Mismatch")
● Range bounds check:
=IF(AND(A1>=MinValue,A1<=MaxValue),"Valid","Invalid")
● Cross-validation check: =IF(Control=Verification,"Valid","Error")
● Consistency check: =IF(A1=B1,"Consistent","Inconsistent")
● Format validation: =IF(REGEXMATCH(A1,Pattern),"Valid Format","Invalid
Format")
● Logic check: =IF(Condition1=Condition2,"Logic Valid","Logic Error")
● Reference integrity: =IF(COUNTIF(MasterList,Value)>0,"Valid","Invalid
Reference")
● Calculation verification:
=IF(ABS(Expected-Actual)<Tolerance,"Valid","Error")
● Duplicate check: =IF(COUNTIF($A$1:$A$1000,A1)>1,"Duplicate","Unique")
● Missing value detection:
=IF(COUNTA(Range)=ROWS(Range)*COLUMNS(Range),"Complete","Missing
Values")

By: Waleed Mousa

24. Advanced Data Transformation

● Pivot data:
=CHOOSE(MATCH(Category,Categories,0),Value1,Value2,Value3)
● Unpivot data: =OFFSET($A$1,ROW(A1)-1,COLUMN(A1)-1)
● Transpose dynamic range: =TRANSPOSE(Range)
● Cross-tabulation: =SUMPRODUCT((Category1=A1)*(Category2=B1)*Values)
● Data reshaping:
=INDEX(DataRange,QUOTIENT(ROW()-1,NumColumns)+1,MOD(ROW()-1,NumColu
mns)+1)
● Array expansion: =SEQUENCE(ROWS(Range)*COLUMNS(Range))
● Matrix multiplication: =MMULT(Matrix1,Matrix2)
● Vector operations: =SUMPRODUCT(Vector1,Vector2)
● Data normalization: =(Value-MIN(Range))/(MAX(Range)-MIN(Range))
● Data standardization: =(Value-AVERAGE(Range))/STDEV.P(Range)

25. Advanced Business Analytics

● Customer segmentation:
=IF(Value>Threshold1,"Premium",IF(Value>Threshold2,"Standard","Basi
c"))
● Profitability analysis: =(Revenue-Cost)/Revenue
● Price elasticity: =(ΔQuantity/Quantity)/(ΔPrice/Price)
● Market basket analysis:
=SUMPRODUCT((Product1=1)*(Product2=1))/COUNT(Transactions)
● Customer lifetime value:
=PresentValue*(1+GrowthRate)/(1+DiscountRate-GrowthRate)
● Churn prediction: =IF(DaysSinceLastPurchase>Threshold,"At
Risk","Active")
● Sales forecasting:
=FORECAST.ETS(FutureDate,HistoricalValues,HistoricalDates)
● Inventory optimization: =SQRT(2*AnnualDemand*OrderCost/HoldingCost)
● Break-even analysis: =FixedCosts/(PricePerUnit-VariableCostPerUnit)
● Performance scorecard: =SUMPRODUCT(Weights,NormalizedMetrics)

By: Waleed Mousa