APPLICATION INFORMATION

HOW TO READ A TIME-CURRENT CURVE

A time-current characteristic curve for a specific fuse is shown as a continuous line and represents the opening time in seconds for that fuse for a range of overcurrents. The opening time is considered nominal unless noted otherwise. Several curves are traditionally shown on one sheet to represent a family of fuses. The family shown here is the Time Delay Class J AJT Amp-trap 2000 fuse. Information can be accessed from these curves in several ways: If a fuse has been selected, the designer can use the curve for that fuse to check its opening time versus a given overcurrent. Example: Using the 30 ampere fuse curve, what is the fuse opening time in seconds at a current of 160 amperes? At the bottom of the sheet (Current in Amperes) find 160 amperes (Pt. A) and follow that line straight up to the point where it intersects the 30A curve (Pt. B). Then follow that line to the left edge (Time in Seconds) and read 10 seconds. (pt. C). This tells us that the AJT30 will open in 10 seconds on a current of 160 amperes. Likewise, for the same fuse we might want to know what current will open the fuse in .1 second. At the side of the sheet (Time in Seconds) find .1 second (Pt. D) and follow that line to the right until it intersects the 30A curve (Pt. E). Then follow that line straight down to the bottom line (Current in Seconds) and read 320 amperes (Pt. F). This shows that the AJT30 requires an overcurrent of 320 amperes to open in .1 second. The curves can be used in other ways by the designer. For example, if a family has been chosen (i.e. Time Delay Class J AJT) and an opening time of approximately 1 second is required at 3000 amperes, what fuse in the family best meets this need? Find the 3000 ampere line at the bottom of the sheet (Pt. G) and follow it up to the 1 second line (Pt. H). The nearest curve to the right is the AJT400. If the point is not near a curve shown, other intermediate curves are available from the factory. Sometimes the fuse family or type has not been chosen, so a design requirement can be presented to several family characteristic curves. One fuse type will emerge as a good choice. Voltage rating, interrupting rating, physical size, time delay, etc. are all considerations in the final choice. Current in Amperes Time in Seconds

AJT

TIME DELAY / CLASS J

Melting Time -Current Data 1-600 Amperes, 600 Volts AC

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APPLICATION INFORMATION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
The National Electrical Code and the Canadian Electrical Code cover overcurrent protection of transformers. Some of the requirements in this article are summarized here.

Secondary Fuses
Selecting fuses for the secondary is simple once rated secondary current is known. Fuses are sized at 125% secondary FLA or next higher rating or at maximum 167% of secondary FLA depending on secondary current. The preferred sizing is 125% of rated secondary current Isec) or next higher fuse rating. To determine Isec, first determine transformer rating (VA or kVA), secondary voltage (Vsec) and use formulas below. 1. Single Phase : Isec = Transformer VA Vsec or Transformer kVA x 1000 Vsec 2. Three Phase : Isec = Transformer VA 1.73 x Vsec or Transformer kVA x 1000 1.73 x Vsec When Isec is determined, multiply it by 1.25 and choose that fuse rating or next higher rating. [ Isec x 1.25 = Fuse Rating ]

Transformers - Primary 600 Volts or Less

If secondary fuse protection is not provided, primary fuses are to be selected according to Table 1. If both primary and secondary fuses are used, they are to be selected according to Table 2.

Table 1- Primary Fuse Only

TRANSFORMER PRIMARY AMPERES MAXIMUM PRIMARY FUSE % RATING

9 or more 2 to less than 9 less than 2

125* 167 300

Table 2- Primary & Secondary Fuses

TRANSFORMER SECONDARY AMPERES 9 or more less than 9 MAXIMUM % RATING PRIMARY FUSE 250 250 SECONDARY FUSE 125* 167

Transformers - Primary Over 600 Volts

If In unsupervised locations, fuses are to be selected according to Table 3. Where the required fuse rating does not correspond to a standard ampere rating, the next higher standard rating shall be permitted. In supervised locations,fuses are to be selected according to Table 4.

* If 125% does not correspond to a standard ampere rating, the next higher standard rating shall be permitted.

Table 3- Unsupervised Locations

Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Currents

When voltage is switched on to energize a transformer, the transformer core normally saturates. This results in a large inrush current which is greatest during the first half cycle (approximately .01 second) and becomes progressively less severe over the next several cycles (approximately .1 second) until the transformer reaches its normal magnetizing current. To accommodate this inrush current, fuses are often selected which have time-current withstand values of at least 12 times transformer primary rated current for .1 second and 25 times for .01 second. Recommended primary fuses for popular, low-voltage 3-phase transformers are shown on the next page. Some small dry-type transformers may have substantially greater inrush currents. For these applications, the fuse may have to be selected to withstand 45 times transformer primary rated current for .01 second.

MAXIMUM % RATING TRANSFORMER RATED % IMPEDANCE 6 or less More than 6 & not more than 10 PRIMARY FUSE 300* 300* SECONDARY FUSE OVER 600V 250* 225* 600V or LESS 125* 125*

Table 4- Supervised Locations

MAXIMUM % RATING TRANSFORMER RATED % IMPEDANCE PRIMARY FUSE SECONDARY FUSE OVER 600V 600V or LESS

All
6 or less More than 6 & not more than 10

250
300 300

250 225

250 250

* Where fuse sizes doe not correspond to a standard ampere rating, the next
higher standard rating shall be permitted.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION
PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

Recommended Primary Fuses for 240 Volt, Three Phase Transformers

TRANSFORMER RATING KVA 3 5 7-1/2 9 15 30 45 75 100 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 PRIMARY FULL LOAD AMPS 7.2 12 18 22 36 72 108 180 241 271 361 541 722 1203 1804 2406 3608 240 VOLT PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING AJT* or A2D-R* A4BT* A4BY* 15 25 40 45 60 150 225 400 450 500 600 800 1200 1800 900 1200 2000 3000 5000 6000

TR-R 9 15 25 30 45 90 150 225 300 350 450 600 -

A4BQ* 1200 1600 2500 4000 5000 -

Recommended Primary Fuses for 480 & 600 Volt, Three Phase Transformers
PRIMARY FULL LOAD AMPS 3.6 6.0 9.0 11 18 36 54 90 120 135 180 271 361 601 902 1203 1804 2406 3007 480 VOLT PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING AJT* or TRS-R A6D-R* A4BT* A4BY* 4-1/2 8 12 15 25 45 70 125 150 175 225 350 450 6 12 15 25 35 60 100 175 225 300 400 500 600 1000 1400 1800 1000 1600 2000 3000 4000 5000 PRIMARY FULL LOAD AMPS 2.9 4.8 7.2 9.0 14 29 43 72 96 108 144 217 289 481 722 962 1443 1925 2406 600 VOLT PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING AJT* or A6D-R* A4BT* A4BY* 5 10 15 17-1/2 25 45 80 150 200 225 300 450 500 700 1200 1600 2000 900 1400 1800 2500 4000 5000

TRANSFORMER RATING KVA 3 5 7-1/2 9 15 30 45 75 100 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500

A4BQ* 1200 2000 2500 4000 5000 6000

TRS-R 4 6 9 12 20 35 60 90 125 150 200 300 350 600 -

A4BQ* 1000 1600 2000 3000 4000 5000

*When using these fuses, the secondary of the transformer must be fused to comply with the Code.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION
E-RATED PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE POWER TRANSFORMERS
Primary Fuse Ratings - 2400, 4160, 4800 Volts
2400V (A055) TRANSFORMER RATING KVA2 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3750 5000 FULL LOAD AMPERES 27 36 54 72 120 180 241 361 482 602 722 902 1203 PRIMARY FUSE RATING1 4160V (A055) FULL LOAD AMPERES MIN. 133% 16 21 31 42 69 104 139 208 278 348 416 520 694 20E 25E 40E 50E 80E 125E 150E 250E 300E 400E 450E 600E 750E 20E 30E 40E 65E 100E 150E 200E 300E 400E 500E 600E 750E 4800V (A055) FULL LOAD AMPERES 14 18 27 36 60 90 120 180 241 301 361 451 601

MIN. 30E 40E 65E 80E 125E 200E 250E 400E 600E -

133% 40E 50E 80E 100E 200E 250E 400E 500E -

MIN. 20E 20E 30E 40E 65E 100E 125E 200E 250E 350E 400E 500E 750E

133% 20E 25E 40E 50E 80E 125E 200E 250E 400E 400E 500E 600E 900E

Primary Fuse Ratings - 6900, 7200, 8320 Volts

6900V* (A825X)* TRANSFORMER RATING KVA2 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 FULL LOAD AMPERES 9 12 19 25 42 63 84 126 167 209 251 PRIMARY FUSE RATING1 7200V* (A825X)* FULL LOAD AMPERES MIN. 133% 9 12 18 24 40 60 80 120 160 201 241 20E 30E 50E 65E 100E 125E 200E 20E 25E 40E 65E 80E 125E 200E 200E 8320 (A155) FULL LOAD AMPERES 7.8 10.4 15.6 20.8 34.7 52 69.4 104 139 173 208

MIN. 25E 30E 50E 80E 100E 150E 200E -

133% 20E 25E 40E 65E 100E 125E 200E -

MIN. 10E 15E 20E 25E 40E 65E 80E 125E 150E 200E -

133% 10E 15E 20E 30E 50E 80E 100E 150E 200E -

1 Minimum fuse size shown will carry transformer magnetizing inrush current of 12 times full load amperes for .1 second. 133% fuse size permits continuous operation of transformer at 133% of its self cooled KVA rating. 2 The self-cooled rating of the transformer. (If a forced-air cooled KVA rating is given, use that rating to size the fuse and be sure the fuse will carry the higher load current.)

Recommended Fuses
Ferraz Shawmut CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 8KV-A825X*, 15KV-A155F, CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C
* Consult factory for technical information.

Examples: 1. A new installation has a 300KVA transformer with 4160V primary. It is not fully loaded. What is minimum size primary fuse recommended? 4160V Source A 50E rating (Ferraz Shawmut A055F1DORO-50E or equivalent) is correct. Lower ratings may open when transformer is energized.

2. What is the normal fuse size recommended for a 1000KVA transformer with 832OV primary? 8320V Source Unless special conditions are noted, the 133% primary fuse rating is correct. For this application use a 100E rating A155F2DORO-100E or equivalent which will allow normal overload operations of transformer up to 133% of rating. L 16

APPLICATION INFORMATION
E-RATED PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE POWER TRANSFORMERS (Continued)
Primary Fuse Ratings - 12,000, 12,470, 13,200 Volts
12,000V (A155) TRANSFORMER RATING KVA2 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 FULL LOAD AMPERES 5.4 7.0 10.8 14.4 24 36 48 72 96 120 144 PRIMARY FUSE RATING1 12,470V (A155) FULL LOAD AMPERES MIN. 133% 5.2 7.0 10.4 14 23 35 46 70 92 116 139 10E 10E 15E 15E 25E 40E 50E 80E 100E 125E 150E 10E 10E 15E 20E 30E 50E 65E 100E 125E 200E 200E 13,200V (A155) FULL LOAD AMPERES 4.9 6.6 9.8 13 22 33 44 66 88 109 131

MIN. 10E 10E 15E 20E 30E 40E 65E 80E 125E 125E 150E

133% 10E 10E 15E 20E 40E 50E 65E 100E 150E 200E 200E

MIN. 10E 10E 15E 15E 25E 40E 50E 80E 100E 125E 150E

133% 10E 10E 15E 20E 30E 50E 65E 100E 125E 150E 200E

Primary Fuse Ratings -13,800, 14,400 Volts

PRIMARY FUSE RATING1 13,800V (A155) TRANSFORMER RATING KVA2 112-1/2 150 225 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 FULL LOAD AMPERES 4.7 6.2 9.4 12.6 21 32 42 63 84 105 125 FULL LOAD AMPERES 4.5 6.0 9.0 12 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 14,400V (A155)

MIN. 10E 10E 15E 15E 25E 40E 50E 80E 100E 125E 150E

133% 10E 10E 15E 20E 30E 50E 65E 100E 125E 150E 200E

MIN. 10E 10E 10E 15E 25E 40E 50E 65E 100E 125E 150E

133% 10E 10E 15E 20E 30E 40E 65E 80E 125E 150E 200E

1 Minimum fuse size shown will carry transformer magnetizing inrush current of 12 times full load amperes for .1 second. 133% fuse size permits continuous operation of transformer at 133% of its self cooled KVA rating. 2 The self-cooled rating of the transformer. (If a forced-air cooled KVA rating is given, use that rating to size the fuse and be sure the fuse will carry the higher load current.)

Recommended Fuses
Ferraz Shawmut CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 15KV-A155F, CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C

Maximum Fuse Size

The Code allows primary fuses to be sized up to 250% of transformer primary current rating. Sizing this large may not provide adequate protection. Maximum fuse size should determined by making sure the fuse total clearing curve does not exceed transformer damage curve. The transformer manufacturer should be consulted to determine transformer overload and short circuit withstand capability.

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