SQL Course: Beginner to Advanced
Beginner Level
1. Introduction to SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing and manipulating relational
databases. This section introduces SQL and the tools like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server,
and SQLite.
2. Basic SQL Commands
Learn to create databases, tables, and perform basic operations.
Create a Database and Table:
CREATE DATABASE BakeryDB;
USE BakeryDB;
CREATE TABLE Products (
ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY,
ProductName VARCHAR(50),
Price DECIMAL(10, 2),
Stock INT
);
Insert Data:
INSERT INTO Products (ProductID, ProductName, Price, Stock)
VALUES (1, 'Sourdough Bread', 4.99, 50),
(2, 'Bagel', 1.99, 100);
Retrieve Data:
SELECT * FROM Products;
3. Basic Filtering and Sorting
Learn how to filter and sort data using WHERE and ORDER BY clauses.
WHERE Clause:
SELECT ProductName, Price
FROM Products
WHERE Price > 2.00;
ORDER BY Clause:
SELECT * FROM Products
ORDER BY Price DESC;
4. Updating and Deleting Data
Modify or delete records using UPDATE and DELETE statements.
UPDATE Statement:
UPDATE Products
SET Stock = Stock - 1
WHERE ProductName = 'Sourdough Bread';
DELETE Statement:
DELETE FROM Products
WHERE ProductID = 2;
Intermediate Level
5. Advanced Filtering
Learn to filter data using advanced techniques like IN, BETWEEN, and LIKE.
Using IN and BETWEEN:
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price BETWEEN 1.00 AND 5.00;
LIKE and Wildcards:
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE ProductName LIKE 'S%';
6. Aggregation Functions
Perform calculations on data using COUNT, AVG, SUM, and GROUP BY.
COUNT, AVG, SUM:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS TotalProducts, AVG(Price) AS AvgPrice
FROM Products;
GROUP BY:
SELECT Stock, SUM(Price) AS TotalValue
FROM Products
GROUP BY Stock;
7. Joining Tables
Combine data from multiple tables using JOIN operations.
Inner Join:
SELECT o.OrderID, p.ProductName, o.Quantity
FROM Orders o
INNER JOIN Products p ON o.ProductID = p.ProductID;
Left Join:
SELECT p.ProductName, o.Quantity
FROM Products p
LEFT JOIN Orders o ON p.ProductID = o.ProductID;
Advanced Level
8. Subqueries and Nested Queries
Use subqueries to perform advanced data retrieval.
Simple Subquery:
SELECT ProductName
FROM Products
WHERE Price > (SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products);
9. Views and Indexing
Optimize data retrieval using views and indexes.
Create a View:
CREATE VIEW ExpensiveProducts AS
SELECT ProductName, Price
FROM Products
WHERE Price > 3.00;
Using an Index:
CREATE INDEX idx_price ON Products(Price);
10. Stored Procedures and Triggers
Automate tasks using stored procedures and triggers.
Stored Procedure:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateStock(IN productID INT, IN quantity INT)
BEGIN
UPDATE Products
SET Stock = Stock - quantity
WHERE ProductID = productID;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
Trigger Example:
CREATE TRIGGER AfterOrderInsert
AFTER INSERT ON Orders
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE Products
SET Stock = Stock - NEW.Quantity
WHERE ProductID = NEW.ProductID;
END;
11. Transactions
Ensure data consistency using transactions.
Transaction Example:
START TRANSACTION;
UPDATE Products
SET Stock = Stock - 10
WHERE ProductID = 1;
COMMIT;
12. Performance Optimization
Learn techniques to optimize SQL queries and database performance.
Example Query Plan Analysis:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM Products WHERE Price > 10;
