GROUP 2 PROJECT

BORANA UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of
Computer Science
COURSE CODE: CoSc4113
COURSE TITLE: Computer Vision and Image Processing
Project Title:Image Restoration and Reconstruction
Target group: 2nd group, 4th year ,Computer Science student, SEM I

Students Name:-----------ID.no
1.Reta shibeshi -----------------BRU/R/675/014
2.Surafel Emiru -----------------BRU/R/711/014
3.Abduba Boru -----------------BRU/R/452/014
4.Bamlak Abebayu ----------BRU/R/345/014

INSTRUCTOR: GUYITA G(MA)

SUBMISSION DATE:02/05/2017E.C
Yabello,Ethiopia
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Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................1
1.1 image restoration...............................................................................................1
1.1.1 Key Features of Image Restoration...............................................................1
1.1.2 Applications of Image Restoration................................................................1
1.1.3 Common Techniques.....................................................................................1
1.1.4 Example Tools and Software.........................................................................2
1.2 image reconstruction.........................................................................................2
1.2.1 Key Features of Image Reconstruction:.........................................................2
1.2.2 Applications of Image Reconstruction:.........................................................2
1.2.3 Common Techniques:....................................................................................3
1.2.4 Example Tools and Technologies:.................................................................3
2. Code...........................................................................................................................4
A) Image restoration................................................................................................4
B) Image reconstruction..........................................................................................4
3. conclusion/report........................................................................................................5
3.1 Image Restoration..............................................................................................5
3.2 Image Reconstruction........................................................................................6
3.3 Future Work.......................................................................................................6
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1. Introduction
Image restoration and reconstruction are essential fields in computer vision and image
processing. These techniques are used to improve the quality of images that have been
degraded by various factors such as noise, blur, or missing pixels. The goal is to
retrieve the original content or enhance the visual quality of images for various
applications, including medical imaging, satellite imaging, and digital photography.

1.1 image restoration

Image restoration is a process in image processing and computer vision aimed at

improving the quality of an image by removing or minimizing noise, blurs,
distortions, or other degradations. The goal is to recover the original image as closely
as possible, often to make it more suitable for further analysis or visual use.

1.1.1 Key Features of Image Restoration

1. Reversing Degradation:
o Degradation can occur due to various factors like motion blur, noise,
poor lighting, sensor imperfections, or atmospheric conditions.
o Restoration techniques attempt to reverse these effects.
2. Mathematical Models:
o Restoration often relies on mathematical models to understand how
degradation happened and to correct it.
3. Compared to Image Enhancement:
o Image Enhancement improves the visual appearance of an image
(e.g., increasing contrast), whereas Image Restoration focuses on
recovering the original, true image data.

1.1.2 Applications of Image Restoration

1. Photography and Videography:

o Fixing blurry or noisy images captured in low-light or high-speed
conditions.
2. Medical Imaging:
o Enhancing X-rays, MRI scans, and CT images for accurate diagnoses.
3. Astronomy:
o Reducing atmospheric noise in telescope images.
4. Surveillance:
o Clarifying CCTV footage for better recognition and analysis.
5. Cultural Heritage:
o Restoring old photographs, paintings, and historical documents.

1.1.3 Common Techniques

1. Deconvolution:
o Used to reverse motion blur or out-of-focus images.
2. Noise Reduction:
o Techniques like Wiener filtering, Gaussian smoothing, or median
filtering reduce unwanted noise.

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3. Inpainting:
o Filling in missing parts of an image.
4. Deep Learning:
o AI-based methods like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are
widely used for high-quality restoration.

1.1.4 Example Tools and Software

 Adobe Photoshop, Lightroom: For manual restoration.

 AI Tools (e.g., Topaz AI, Remini): Automates restoration using machine
learning.
 OpenCV: A programming library for advanced restoration in Python and C+
+.

**Image Restoration** focuses on removing known degradations. The

common degradation types include noise (such as Gaussian or salt-and-
pepper), motion blur, and defocus blur. Techniques such as filtering (e.g.,
Wiener filter, median filter), deconvolution, and deep learning-based methods
are often used.
1.2 image reconstruction

Image reconstruction is the process of generating or recreating an image from

incomplete, degraded, or indirect data. It is a critical task in fields where images are
acquired under limited or indirect conditions, such as medical imaging, astronomy,
and tomography.

1.2.1 Key Features of Image Reconstruction:

1. Transforming Raw Data into Images:

o Reconstruction translates data (often numerical or signal-based) into a
visual image that represents the original object or scene.
o This is commonly used when the data is acquired using specialized
equipment like CT scanners or telescopes.
2. Mathematical and Computational Techniques:
o Image reconstruction often relies on algorithms and models to estimate
missing or degraded parts of the image.
3. Different from Image Restoration:
o While restoration deals with improving existing images,
reconstruction creates images from data that may not initially
resemble a traditional image.

1.2.2 Applications of Image Reconstruction:

1. Medical Imaging:
o CT Scans (Computed Tomography): Constructing cross-sectional
images of the body from X-ray data.

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oMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Reconstructing detailed

images of tissues and organs from radio wave signals.
o Ultrasound: Building images from sound wave reflections.
2. Astronomy:
o Reconstructing celestial images from telescope data, especially when
signals are weak or distorted by atmospheric conditions.
3. Industrial Applications:
o Inspecting materials or structures (e.g., nondestructive testing) using
X-rays or other scanning methods.
4. Computer Vision:
o Recreating 3D models from 2D image datasets or incomplete depth
information.

1.2.3 Common Techniques:

1. Filtered Back Projection (FBP):

o Common in CT imaging, where projections of an object are
mathematically combined to reconstruct the image.
2. Fourier Transform:
o Used to reconstruct images by analyzing frequency components,
especially in MRI.
3. Iterative Reconstruction:
o Algorithms iteratively refine the image, often used when data is
incomplete or noisy (e.g., algebraic reconstruction techniques).
4. Deep Learning:
o Neural networks are increasingly being used to reconstruct high-
quality images from sparse or noisy data.

1.2.4 Example Tools and Technologies:

 MATLAB and Python Libraries (e.g., SciPy, PyTorch):

o For implementing custom reconstruction algorithms.
 Medical Imaging Software (e.g., 3D Slicer, GE Healthcare's
Reconstruction Engines):
o Used for reconstructing diagnostic images.
 Astronomical Tools (e.g., CASA):
o For processing and reconstructing radio telescope data.

Let me know if you'd like specific examples, algorithms, or real-world use cases
explained further!

**Image Reconstruction** deals with the recovery of images from

incomplete or indirect measurements, such as in computed tomography (CT)
or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Techniques include iterative

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reconstruction methods, compressed sensing, and machine learning-based

approaches.

2. Code
A) Image restoration
Here's an example using Python with OpenCV libraries for a basic image restoration
task:

import cv2

# Load a noisy image

image = cv2.imread('noisy_image.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Apply a median filter for basic denoising

denoised_image_median = cv2.medianBlur(image, 3)

# Apply a GaussianBlur for another method of denoising

denoised_image_gaussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(image, (5, 5), 0)

# Save the results

cv2.imwrite('denoised_image_median.png', denoised_image_median)
cv2.imwrite('denoised_image_gaussian.png', denoised_image_gaussian)

# Display the images

cv2.imshow('aaa', image)
cv2.imshow('ccc', denoised_image_median)
cv2.imshow('bbb', denoised_image_gaussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 This code snippet demonstrates two basic denoising methods: median filtering
and wavelet-based denoising. You can expand upon this by incorporating more
advanced techniques or applying these concepts to image reconstruction tasks.

B) Image reconstruction
Here's a basic example of image reconstruction using compressed sensing with
Python. This example uses the scikit-image library for implementing a simple
inpainting algorithm to fill in missing parts of an image:
import cv2
import numpy as np

# Load a damaged image with missing pixels

image = cv2.imread('damaged_image.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Create a mask of the missing pixels (0 where pixels are missing, 1 otherwise)
mask = np.zeros_like(image)
mask[50:100, 50:100] = 1 # Example mask for a missing region

# Perform inpainting using the Telea algorithm

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reconstructed_image = cv2.inpaint(image, mask, inpaintRadius=3,

flags=cv2.INPAINT_TELEA)

# Save the reconstructed image

cv2.imwrite('reconstructed_image.png', reconstructed_image)

# Display the images

cv2.imshow('aaa', image)
cv2.imshow('bbb', reconstructed_image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3. conclusion/report
In the rapidly evolving field of computer vision, image restoration and reconstruction
hold a pivotal role. These techniques are employed to enhance and recover the visual
quality of images that have undergone various forms of degradation. Restoration
targets the removal of known imperfections, such as noise and blur, while
reconstruction focuses on retrieving images from incomplete or indirect
measurements. The significance of these processes spans numerous applications, from
medical imaging and satellite imagery to digital photography and historical document
preservation.

3.1 Image Restoration

Image restoration aims to improve the appearance of images corrupted by factors such
as noise, motion blur, and defocus blur. This process typically involves using filtering
techniques, deconvolution, and more recently, deep learning methods. The primary
goal is to revert the image to its original state or improve its quality to make it more
visually appealing and useful for further analysis.

Code Explanation:

1. Loading and Preprocessing:

o The image is loaded in grayscale using OpenCV, which simplifies
processing and reduces computational cost.
o A median filter is applied to remove noise. The median filter is
effective in eliminating salt-and-pepper noise, commonly found in
digital images.
2. Wavelet-based Denoising:
o Wavelet-based denoising is applied to enhance the image further. This
method is powerful for removing noise while preserving important
details in the image.
3. Result Visualization:
o The denoised images are saved and displayed for comparison,
highlighting the improvements made by each denoising technique.

This approach provides a foundation for more advanced techniques, such as using
neural networks to learn and apply more sophisticated restoration models.

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3.2 Image Reconstruction

Image reconstruction is a more complex process that involves recovering images from
incomplete or indirect data, often encountered in medical imaging modalities like
MRI and CT scans. The challenge lies in accurately reconstructing the missing parts
while preserving the image's structural integrity.

Code Explanation:

1. Loading and Masking:

o A damaged image with missing pixels is loaded.
o A mask is created to specify the regions with missing data, which need
to be reconstructed.
2. Inpainting:
o The inpainting function from OpenCV is used to fill in the missing
parts using the Telea algorithm. This method effectively interpolates
the missing pixels based on the surrounding information.
3. Result Visualization:
o The reconstructed image is saved and displayed alongside the original
damaged image, showcasing the effectiveness of the inpainting
algorithm.

The techniques of image restoration and reconstruction are indispensable in enhancing

the quality and usability of images across various domains. By employing methods
like median filtering, wavelet-based denoising, and inpainting, it is possible to
significantly improve degraded images. These foundational techniques pave the way
for more advanced approaches, including machine learning models that can further
enhance image quality.

The development and application of these methods are essential for advancing
scientific research, improving diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging, preserving
historical documents, and enhancing everyday photography. As the field progresses,
integrating more sophisticated algorithms and neural networks will continue to push
the boundaries of what is possible in image restoration and reconstruction.

3.3 Future Work

Continued research and development in image restoration and reconstruction are

critical. Future advancements are likely to include:

 Enhanced Neural Networks: Leveraging the power of deep learning to

develop more accurate and efficient models.
 Real-time Processing: Implementing techniques that allow for real-time
image restoration and reconstruction, particularly beneficial in medical
imaging and surveillance.
 User-Friendly Tools: Creating accessible software tools that enable non-
experts to apply advanced image processing techniques.

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By staying at the forefront of these advancements, we can ensure that high-quality

imagery remains a valuable resource for various scientific, commercial, and personal
applications.