STUDENT’S BOOK & WORKBOOK

E
PL
M
SA

Carla Maurício Vianna

Luciana Santos Pinheiro

A01_ELT_EXPAND_3_SB_WB_ABERTURA.indd 1 25/04/19 18:05

 Head of Product - Pearson Brasil Juliano de Melo Costa The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission
Product Manager - Pearson Brasil Marjorie Robles to reproduce their photographs:
Product Coordinator - ELT Mônica Bicalho
Alamy Stock: p. 24, 40, 46. Always/ Leo Burnett: p. 12. Cartoonstock: p. 48.
Authors Carla Maurício Vianna Getty Images: p. 43. iStock: capa, p. 9, 17, 18, 24, 27, 34, 38, 45, 53, 63,
Teacher’s Guide Carla Maurício Vianna 64, 68, 71, 72, 79. Jennifer Siebel Newsom: p. 16. King Vidor (Warner
Home Video): p. 16. Los Angeles Times: p. 32. Mark Andrews (Pixar
Workbook Luciana Santos Pinheiro Animation Studios): p. 16. Shutterstock: p. 35, 41, 52, 57, 70, 73.
(Allya Assessoria Linguística) Sustain: p. 43. The Penguin Press: p. 28.
Extra content Carla Maurício Vianna
Luciana Santos Pinheiro Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we
(Allya Assessoria Linguística) apologize in advance for any unintentional omissions. We would be
Editors - ELT Gisele Aga pleased to insert the appropriate acknowledgement in any subsequent
Renata S. C. Victor edition of this publication.
Simara H. Dal’Alba
(Allya Assessoria Linguística)
Editors (Teacher's Book) Gisele Aga
Simara H. Dal’Alba
(Allya Assessoria Linguística)
Proofreader (English) Silva Serviços de Educação
Proofreader (Portuguese) Fernanda R. Braga Simon
Copyeditor Maria Estela Alcântara
Pedagogical Reviewer Najin Lima

E
Quality Control Viviane Kirmeliene
Art and Design Coordinator Rafael Lino
Art Editor - ELT Emily Andrade
Acquisitions and permissions Maiti Salla
PL
Manager
Acquisitions and permissions Andrea Bolanho
team Cristiane Gameiro
Heraldo Colon
Maricy Queiroz
Paula Quirino
M
Sandra Sebastião
Shirlei Sebastião
Graphic design Mirella Della Maggiore Armentano
MRS Consultoria Editorial
Graphic design (cover) Mirella Della Maggiore Armentano
SA

MRS Consultoria Editorial

Media Development Estação Gráfica
Audio Maximal Studio
Audiovisual Editor Tatiane Almeida
Audiovisual Desenrolados

Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)

(Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil)

Expand 3: Student’s Book / Carla Maurício Vianna,

Luciana Santos Pinheiro. -- São Paulo:
Pearson Education do Brasil, 2019.

ISBN 978-65-50110-36-9

1. Inglês (Ensino Médio) I. Pinheiro, Luciana Santos.

II. Título.

19-25487 CDD-420.7

Índices para catálogo sistemático:

1. Inglês: Ensino Médio 420.7
Maria Alice Ferreira - Bibliotecária - CRB-8/7964
ISBN 978-65-50110-36-9 (Student’s Book & Workbook)
ISBN 978-65-50110-37-6 (Teacher’s Book) 2019

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 2 25/04/19 16:27

 Unit 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Unit 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Review 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

Unit 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Unit 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Review 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 43

E
Unit 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Unit 6 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
PL
Review 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 61

Unit 7 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
M

Unit 8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Review 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
SA

Grammar Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 81

Language Reference ...................................................................................................................................................... 85
Reading Strategies .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Irregular Verbs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Common Mistakes ........................................................................................................................................................... 96
False Friends ......................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 99
Workbook ............................................................................................................................................................................... 103
Audio Scripts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 136

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 3 25/04/19 16:27

 CONTENTS

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE EXPAND YOUR LANGUAGE LISTENING

READING
IN USE IN USE 1 READING IN USE 2 COMPREHENSION

Research article: Present

UNIT 1 Working women: Position article: perfect A talk about an
Expressions for Present
Gender Equality is Key facts and Boys do cry: one simple vs. interview with
gender parity perfect
for Everybody trends in female man’s experience present a documentary
and inequality continuous
labor force of depression perfect director
page 9
participation continuous

Informative
UNIT 2 article: Coding In
Curriculum: An interview with
Technology in the Education: Why Coding Subject-verb Compound
Junior Computer students who built
School Curriculum

E
It’s Important & language agreement adjectives
Curriculum a robot
How It’s Being
page 17
Implemented
PL
Review 1 (Units 1-2)
Page 25
M

UNIT 3
Book excerpt: Book review: No Zero, first, A lecture about
SA

Can We Eat with a Words derived Second

Omnivore’s Accounting for and second agriculture and the
Clear Conscience? from Latin conditional
dilemma Mouthfeel conditionals environment
page 27

UNIT 4 News stories: 4

Extreme Weather People Who Faced Weather-related Expository essay: A testimonial about
Adverbs of
Events Affecting Disaster – And How phrasal verbs Past perfect Widespread being caught in an
degree
the Planet They Made It out and idioms impacts avalanche
Alive
page 35

Review 2 (Units 3-4)

Page 43

Grammar Review Language Reference Reading Strategies Irregular Verbs

page 81 page 85 page 93 page 94

A02_ELT_EXPAND_3_SB_WB_CONTENTS.indd 4 25/04/19 16:46

 VOCABULARY LANGUAGE EXPAND YOUR LANGUAGE LISTENING
READING
IN USE IN USE 1 READING IN USE 2 COMPREHENSION

Entertainment
UNIT 5 news: What would Homonyms,
List: TV Shows You Results of research
In the have happened homophones, Third
Wish You Were a Wish on binge-watching
Limelight next if these TV and conditional
Character On TV shows
characters hadn’t homographs
page 45
died?

UNIT 6
Opinion article: Technology and Information
Uncovering Direct and
Forget Bitcoin, financial nouns Some, any, no, report: The dark A talk about Bitcoin
Blockchain and the indirect

E
It’s All About The and phrasal every web and how to and the Dark Web
Dark Web speech
Blockchain verbs access it
page 53
PL
Review 3 (Units 5-6)
Page 61
M

UNIT 7 Blog post: Under

Adjectives
Modal Guide: How
A talk about what
SA

the Influence: The verbs for to make it as

Digital Influencing ending in -ed Passive voice makes a real
Power of Social assumption: an Instagram
and –ing influencer
page 63 Media Influencers must and can influencer

UNIT 8 News article:

Future Advice letter: How
Too many graduates Collocations
The End of a continuous do I deal with the Verb tense
are mismatched to with have and A graduation speech
Journey and future post-university review
their jobs. What’s take
perfect blues?
page 71 going wrong?

Review 4 (Units 7-8)

page 79

Common Mistakes False Friends Glossary Workbook Audio Scripts

page 96 page 98 page 99 page 103 page 136

A02_ELT_EXPAND_3_SB_WB_CONTENTS.indd 5 25/04/19 16:46

 PRESENTATION
STUDENT’S BOOK
Welcome to the Expand collection! Expand prepares students for the English part of Brazilian exams ENEM and
vestibular, which are aimed at testing students’ ability to read a wide variety of authentic texts of different genres.
Expand provides students with listening, speaking, and writing activities that help them to develop their overall
knowledge of the language. Each thematic unit contains two reading sections that introduce grammar and vocabulary
topics, as well as listening comprehension activities that give students contact with oral text genres.

OPENING PAGE
Each unit starts with an opening page containing:

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL… LEAD OFF

This shows the main objectives for This section presents three to four questions for content contextualization.
the unit.

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

E
What situation does the picture
• take part in discussions about represent? Are you familiar with
coding in education; that situation?
PL
• talk about a technology
curriculum and robotics; LEAD OFF Do you know what coding means?
Explain.
What do you think about the
• learn about subject-verb integration of technological projects
agreement; in school curriculums?
M

• identify and use compound

adjectives.
SA

READING PAGES
This two-page section contains the first reading text and activities of the unit. It develops reading strategies and
is subdivided into the following stages:
READING
BEFORE READING
READING
This section contains one or two
activities that help students to prepare
BEFORE READING
BEFORE READING
Predicting the topic of the text
AFTER READIN

for the text topic, which is presented You are going to read a text about the implementation of computer programming in education. Is this

in the section WHILE READING.

Look at the photo that accompanies the text and read the two firs
a reality in your country or school? How do you think students could benefit from having computer
programming lessons? Exchange ideas with your classmates.

READING
WHILE READING
Look at the picture and read the title of the text carefully. Then write down two reasons for coding in Predicting

education that you think will be mentioned in the text.

BEFORE READING Predicting the topic of the text

WHILE READING WHILE READING Selecting

Look at the photo that accompanies the text and read the two first paragraphs. athink
What do you good
it is about?title

In this section students read a text Coding In Education: Why It’s Important
WHILE READING
Read the whole textIt’sand check ( ) the best title for it.
Selecting a good title

and answer a question related to & How Being Implemented

Read the whole text and check ( ) the best title for it.
By Marianne Stenger

it. Texts are in a variety of different

a.b. ( () Globalization:
) The YouTube Phenomenon: a disruptive force
a. ( ) The YouTube Phenomenon: a disruptive force machines what to do. But this requires the mastery of a
problem-solving skill known as computational thinking,
Concepts, Causes, and Consequences which involves breaking larger tasks into a logical
genres and aimed at developing c. ( ) Under the Influence: The Power of Social Media Influencers
sequence of smaller steps, diagnosing errors, and coming

b. ( ) Globalization: Concepts, Causes, and Consequences

30 up with new approaches when necessary.

several reading strategies. So, what exactly does coding look like in schools and learning
institutions throughout
of food the world
(as opposed toand why does it matter?
a technology or sportWeblogger).
talked to a few teachers and EdTech experts about some of

c. ( ) Under the Influence: The Power of Social Media Influencers

30 This
the ways authoritative
coding position is
is being implemented in further strengthened
education.

A
lthough computer programming was once seen 35 a game of sheer numbers: a large number of
byBootcamps
Coding
as a skill reserved for geeks and computer nerds,
it’s now regarded as an essential ability for 21st […] followers, shares, and likes will provide viewers with
century learners and is becoming a key component Coding a form
to of social
Transition intoproof. The notion that others value
the Workforce
5 of many curriculums, even in elementary schools. So, […] the opinion of an influencer, and adhere to their
what’s the benefit of teaching kids as young as five Coding For Cyber Security
35 judgments, assures viewers that doing so is okay. If
years old how to code?
A03_ELT_EXPAND_3_SB_WB_PRESENTATION.indd 6 40 […] the majority is doing something, they must be right. 25/04/19 16:45
For starters, basic coding courses in schools provide
 AFTER READING
1. How is the text (introduction, body, and conclusion) organized?
AFTER READING Understanding text structure

This section has a. ( ) story – examples – cause

comprehension
activities to helpb.develop
( ) issue – reasoning – course of action
different Unit 8
aer-reading strategies related AFTER READING
c. ( ) dilemma
to reading comprehension. These – deductions – motivation
1. How is the text (introduction, body, and conclusion) organized? Understanding text structure

a. ( ) story – examples – cause

strategies are presented next to the b. ( ) issue – reasoning – course of action

2. Refer back to the

instruction of each reading activity. text and underline the topic sentences in each chunk.
c. ( ) dilemma – deductions – motivation
Understanding main ideas
2. Refer back to the text and underline the topic sentences in each chunk. Understanding main ideas

3. Decide
VOCABULARY if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
PAGES
3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
a. (
Understanding details
Understanding details

) The author thinks that universities shouldn’t interfere with the students’ choices because they need to be made by the
students themselves.
a. ( students’
This stage develops ) The author thinksthrough
vocabulary that universities ( shouldn’t
activitiesb. containing interfere
vocabulary
) Graduates who are matched with careersthe
from
incorrectly to their the
have students’
lower text and
incomes than choices
those related tobecause
the
who take a well-adjusted they need to b
choice.topic

of the unit. students themselves. c. ( ) Graduates are unaware of their skills and assume that employers are looking for more experienced recruits.
Unit 8 d. ( ) Most employers tend to hire young people who have just left university instead of recruiting those that have spent a
AFTER READING couple of years in the workplace.

b. ( ) Graduates who are matched incorrectly to their careers have lower incomes than those who take a well-adj
1. How is the text (introduction, body, and conclusion) organized? Understanding text structure

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

a. ( ) story – examples – cause
VOCABULARY IN USE
c. ( ) Graduates are unaware of their EXPAND
skills andYOUR VOCABULARY
assume that employers are looking for more experienced recru
b. ( ) issue – reasoning – course of action
c. ( ) dilemma – deductions – motivation

This 2.section
Refer back to thecontains
text and underline the one to three
topic sentences in each chunk.activities related to the Understanding main ideas Here students are presented with an example of the target
1. Match the words in bold with their meanings. 2. Besides the reasons mentioned in the text, what else
d. ( in) Most
the text.employers
3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
vocabulary presented It also tend
prompts to hire
students young
Understanding details

a. ( ) The author thinks that universities shouldn’t interfere with the students’ choices because they need to be made by the
F
a. “Toopeople
many graduateswho
vocabulary have
taken
are mismatched just
from
to their left main
jobs.” the university
might leadreading
instead
to the mismatchtext
careers? Justify your views.
betweenand
of do
graduates
recruiting
and their
those that h
couple haveof years inwhothe workplace.
students themselves. b. “These mismatched graduates face poorer prospects and
to engage in whoconversational topics lowerbased on the text lower activities
earnings than theirto develop
peers [...].” their vocabulary knowledge.

E
b. ( ) Graduates
T are matched incorrectly to their careers incomes than those take a well-adjusted choice.
c. ( ) Graduates are unaware of their skills and assume that employers are looking for more experienced recruits. c. “[...] with many employers preferring to recruit young
students have
T
read.
d. ( ) Most employers tend to hire young people who have just left university instead of recruiting those that have spent a
people who have spent a couple of years in the
workplace rather than raw recruitments from university.”
F
couple of years in the workplace.
d. “[...] a point where they are able to access industries and
PL careers that will be fulfilling [...].”

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY VOCABULARY IN USE 3. Work

e. “Enabling students to play a winning hand after in pairs. How can you relate the word cloud below
to the text on page 72? Discuss. Then share your opinions
graduation is time and effort well spent [...].”

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

with your classmates.
f. “At Norwich University of the Arts, we are gamifying
1. Match the words in bold with their meanings. 2. Besides the reasons mentioned in the text, what else 1. In “However, we do know that his shock death has robbed Carl of a host of storylines, including a romance with Lydia, the
careers support.”
daughter of Whisperers leader Alpha, and a key role in the future of the Hilltop”, what does the word key mean? Choose
a. “Too many graduates are mismatched to their jobs.” might lead to the mismatch between graduates and their
careers? Justify your views. the correct alternative.
b. “These mismatched graduates face poorer prospects and ( ) not experienced or not fully trained
a. ( ) a small specially shaped piece of metal that you put into a lock and turn in order to lock or unlock a door, start a car, etc.
lower earnings than their peers [...].” Answers will vary.
( ) to combineb.things orbuttons
( ) the peoplethat
thatyoudopress
not on
work well keyboard to operate the computer
a computer
c. “[...] with many employers preferring to recruit young
together orc. are
( )not suitable
very fororeach
important other
necessary
people who have spent a couple of years in the
M

1. Match the words in bold with their meanings.

workplace rather than raw recruitments from university.” d. ( ) the
( ) making it possible forprinted answers
someone to asomething,
to do test or set ofor
questions in a book
d. “[...] a point where they are able to access industries and
careers that will be fulfilling [...].”
for something to happen
2. Besides the reasons mentioned in the text,
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/key. Accessed on September 4, 2018.

2. Read the dictionary entry below as well as the extracts from the text on page 46 and circle the homonyms you can find. Then

a. “Too many 3.graduates are mismatched to their jobs.” might lead to the mismatch between gradua
( ) to design an activity
check ( ) such as learning,
the meaning of eachsolving
homonyma in context.
e. “Enabling students to play a winning hand after Work in pairs. How can you relate the word cloud below
graduation is time and effort well spent [...].” to the text on page 72? Discuss. Then share your opinions problem, or being a customer so that it is like a game

careers? Justify your views.

with your classmates. hom•o•nym / noun [countable] technical a word that is spelled the same and sounds the same as another, but is different
f. “At Norwich University of the Arts, we are gamifying ( ) the money that you receive
in meaning forFor
or origin. theexample,
work that you do
the noun ‘bear’ and the verb ‘bear’ are homonyms.

LANGUAGEb.IN“These
USE mismatched graduates face poorer prospects and
SA

careers support.”
( ) making you feel happy and satisfied because you
1 EXPAND YOUR READING
( c ) not experienced or not fully trained Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/homonym. Accessed on September 4, 2018.
are doing interesting, useful, or important things

lower earnings than their peers [...].”

a. “So many storylines unfulfilled and promising futures dashed with one tap of the writer’s keyboard, although if we’re lucky,
( a ) to combine things or people that do not work well
we’ll get a hint of whatAccessed
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mismatch. they would have been
on September getting up to if they hadn’t been killed off.”
24, 2018.
together or are not suitable for each other
( ) a piece of equipment for controlling the flow of water, gas etc. from a pipe or container
This page shows the first grammar topic of the unit. It
( e ) making it possible for someone to do something, or This section contains
something lightly,another textattention
for students to work on73
design an activityc. “[...] with many employers preferring to recruit young
( ) an act of hitting especially to get someone’s
for something to happen
b. “There were actually two opportunities for Tara to come back in Buffy the Vampire Slayer after her cruel death in season six.”
contains
( ) toexamples
f such asfrom the
learning, solving a text and activities that develop both the text genre and comprehension.
( ) a period of time in a year during which a particular activity takes place

money that you receivepeople who inhave spentlanguage.

a couple of years in the( ) to add salt, pepper, etc. to food you are cooking
Answers will vary.
problem, or being a customer so that it is like a game 5P_ELT_Expand_3_SB_U8.indd 73 12/02/19 12:27

students’
( ) thegrammar
b knowledge
for the work that you do the target
workplace rather than raw recruitments from3. university.”
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on September 4, 2018.

( d ) making you feel happy and satisfied because you

Homonyms can be subdivided into homophones and ( b ) hom•o•graph / noun [countable] technical a word
are doing interesting, useful, or important things
homographs. Study the word clouds and match them with that is spelled the same as another, but is different
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mismatch. Accessed on September 24, 2018. their corresponding categories. in meaning, origin, grammar, or pronunciation. For
EXPAND YOUR READING
LANGUAGEd.
IN “[...]
USE 1a point where they are able Unit
to 773access industries and
example, the noun ‘record’ is a homograph of the
verb ’record’.
FOUR

BY
a.
BUY

careers that will be fulfilling [...].”

Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/homograph. Accessed on September 4, 2018.

BYE
1. Read the text and ) the alternative that best summarizes its( amain
check ( HOUR ) hom•o•phone
idea. / noun [countable] technical a word
MODAL VERBS FOR ASSUMPTION: MUST AND CAN
HEAR FLOURwarmer and more acidic, ocean circulation,
2. Influencer cliques and groups. The nature of thatchemistry,
sounds theecosystems,
same as another but is different in
a. ( HERE
) As ocean waters are becoming and marine life are affected.

FLOWER
influencer marketing is interesting; if you’re spelling, meaning, or origin. For example, ‘knew’ and
b. ( ) NO
1. Read an excerpt from the text on page 64 and check ( ) the
Climate change and its impactFOR
KNOW

on many sectors have become increasingly troublesome

‘new’ are homophones.across the nation.

e. “Enabling students to play a winning hand after 3. Work in pairs. How can you relate the word
correct alternative to complete the sentence that follows. associated with an existing influencer, your

MEAT SON WHERE

reputation and authority will grow by proxy. It’s Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/homophone. Accessed on September 4, 2018.
OUR

[…]
WEAR
The notion that others value the opinion of an a collective “rising tide” that affects all personal

to the text on page 72? Discuss. Then share

SUN

graduation is time and effort well spent [...].”

influencer, and adhere to their judgments, assures 4. Use one homograph or homophone from the word clouds
brands revolving around that influential center. Introduction above to complete the cartoon. Then explain your choice
viewers that doing so is okay. If the majority
is doing something, they must be right. […] to a Climate
classmate.

with your classmates.

Climate change is already affecting societies and the natural world. change interacts with other environmental
WIND

3. Greater demand for authenticity. The entire

BAT in ways that can either moderate or intensify these impacts. The types and magnitudes of impacts
and societal factors
WOUND
b.

f. “At Norwich University of the Arts, we are gamifying OBJECT

field of content marketing evolved from a
In “they must be right”, the underlined modal verb indicates... vary across the nation and through time. Children, the elderly, the sick, and the poor are especially vulnerable. There

TEAR
consumer demand for authenticity. […]
a. ( ) an obligation.
LEAD 4. Bigger barriers to entry. […] Marketers BOW
5 is mounting evidence that harm to the nation will increase substantially in the future unless global emissions of

careers support.” DESERT

b. ( ) an assumption. everywhere are flocking to influencer marketing heat-trapping gases are greatly reduced.
SECOND

in droves, and accordingly, more individual

SUBJECT
2. Now read the title of a text and check ( ) the correct Widespread Impacts
fine
alternative to complete the sentence that follows. personal brands are striving to become
Because environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic systems are tightly
influencers in their own right. This is leading to
coupled, climate FINE ROW can either be amplified or reduced by
BASS

( ) not experienced or not fully trained

change impacts
a surge in content production and social media
16 People on Social Media Who 10 cultural and socioeconomic decisions. In many arenas, it is clear that
activity, which will make competition much
Can’t Be Serious fiercer if you want to earn your place as an expert
societal decisions have substantial influence on the vulnerability of
Extracted from www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/fining.asp. Accessed on September 4, 2018.
Katya Heckendorn valued resources to climate change. For example, rapid population growth
in your field.

( ) to combine things or people that do not work well

[…] 48 and development in coastal areas tends to amplify climate change related
5. Transparency and regulatory crackdowns. In April
impacts. Recognition of these couplings, together with recognition Flooding during hurricanes
Extracted from https://diply.com/article/facepalm-social-media?config=101. of 2017, the FTC sent out several letters and an
15 of multiple sources of vulnerability, helps identify what information

together or are not suitable for each other

Accessed on September 19, 2018.
official warning for influencers and brands to clearly
We can infer from the structure in italics that the author believes... disclose their relationships. […] decision-makers need as they manage risks.
a. ( ) those 16 people are probably satirizing or joking. 6. Integrated functionality in platforms. With Multiple System Failures During Extreme Events
b. ( ) those 16 people are obviously acting reasonably. platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Impacts are particularly severe when critical systems simultaneously fail.

( ) making it possible for someone to do something, or

and Instagram noticing the importance (and
We have already seen multiple system failures during an extreme weather
3. Use the words from the box to complete the paragraph below. potential) of influencer marketing, we may
20 event in the United States, as when Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans.
start to see platform-based innovations that

for something to happen

Infrastructure and evacuation failures and collapse of critical response
inferences must permissions make influencer marketing and outreach more
services during a storm is one example of multiple system failures. Another
convenient (or more profitable). […]
The modal verb doesn’t necessarily express example is a loss of electrical power during heat waves or wildfires, which
7. Qualitative assessment tools. Soon, it won’t be Katrina struck New Orleans
obligations, as the modal verb can might convey other can reduce food and water safety. Air conditioning has helped reduce illness

( ) to design an activity such as learning, solving a

enough to have a large quantity of followers on
meanings besides abilities, , or requests, 25 and death due to extreme heat, but if power is lost, everyone is vulnerable. By their nature, such events can exceed our
your account; marketers will also be looking to
for example. Both verbs also express assumptions, capacity to respond. In succession, these events severely deplete resources needed to respond, from the individual to the
, possibilities, or certainties. see how you engage with your followers, and what
national scale, but disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations.

problem, or being a customer so that it is like a game

types of followers you have. […]
4. Based on the text below, use the modal verbs must and can to Adapted from www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2018/04/19/ […]
come up with 2 assumptions about influencer marketing. 7-predictions-on-the-future-of-influencer-marketing/#b4742d6581df.
Accessed on September 19, 2018.
Cascading Effects Across Sectors
Agriculture, water, energy, transportation, and more are all affected by climate change. These sectors of our economy

( ) the money that you receive for the work that you do
7 Predictions On The Future Of Influencer
30 do not exist in isolation and are linked in increasingly complex ways. For example, water supply and energy use are
Marketing
[…]
completely intertwined, since water is used to generate energy, and energy is required to pump, treat, and deliver
water – which means that irrigation-dependent farmers and urban dwellers are linked as well.
-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 7 if you want to get
1. Status diversity. Today,
[…]
25/04/19 16:27
in touch with an influencer and have them
 PRESENTATION
LANGUAGE IN USE 2
WORKBOOK
This page shows the second grammar topic of the unit. It
Each unit has four pages of reading, vocabulary, and
contains examples from the text in Expand your reading
grammar activities. It also has an ENEM or vestibular
and activities that develop students’ grammar knowledge
question in the section AN EYE ON ENEM / VESTIBULAR.
in the target language.

Unit 1 Gender Equality Is for Everybody Unit 2

LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 4
11. Complete
1. Look at thethe sentences
text. with
What is it? the the
Circle correct compound
correct answer. adjective from the box.
Identifying the genre
ADVERBS OF DEGREE of the Brazilian municipality of Mariana, Minas Gerais,

1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION a. an film review

ruptured. 60 million cubic meters of iron ore tailings
Read these extracts from the text on page 40, pay b. a story well-known state-of-the-art two-year-old
attention to the words in bold, and answer: what’s were leaked from the Samarco-operated mining complex
c. a poem time-saving 20-page fastest-growing
their function in the sentences? Then choose the best and traveled 55 km from the Gualaxo do Norte River and
d. an interview
1. Look at the magazine
alternative covers
to complete and
the answer: what do they have in common?
sentences. Then22
another work
km in small
from thegroups
Carmoto discuss
River theDoce
to the issues
River. In
shown on these covers. total, the mud traveled 663 km to find the sea. a. Let’s
2. Skim thebuy it.Check
text. It’s a ( gadget.
) the sentence that best describes We is
what canin spend
it. more time on other things then.
Skimming

There is mounting evidence that harm to the nation It’s been characterized by experts as the country’s largest a. (Do )you
A conversation with Joss Whedon about men’s role in programming
the workplace.language is? I need to have these figures for my
will increase substantially in the future unless global b. know what the
environmental disaster, altering the ecosystems along b. ( ) A discussion where Joss Whedon shows advantages and disadvantages of working with women.
emissions of heat-trapping gases are greatly reduced. coding class.
the Rio Doce basin tremendously in addition to killing 19 c. ( ) A conversation with Joss Whedon about men and women having equal roles in the workplace.
people and affecting more than 23 thousand families. c. The municipality is building a new hospital, where only the latest devices are going to be used.
In succession, these events severely Recently, the relationship between the yellow fever d. Mark Zuckerberg is one of the most programmers in the world.
deplete resources needed to respond, [...].
outbreak and this disaster have made their way into A Talk with Joss Whedon on Women’s
e. Mike has just submitted a project. He will get his grade on it only next week, as it will take
a. Adverbs of degree tell us about the of
the mainstream media’s narrative, just as biologist and Equality in the Workplace
his teacher some time to read it all.
an action, an adjective, or another adverb. These include environmentalist Augusto Ruschi predicted two years ago.
almost, enough, too, , etc. […] f. This is [...]
Simba. He’s my dog.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION( ) manner / quickly

b. Many adverbs of degree end in
( ) intensity / very
, for
Extracted from www.theinertia.com/environment/how-brazils-worst-environmental-disaster-is-
still-affecting-thousands-of-people. Accessed on August 28, 2018.
Joss Whedon is a perfect example of a man stepping forward to fight the battle
for equal pay. He has consistently pushed strong female roles to become an

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
unremarkable standard. Whedon told us why we must pay more attention than
example: and intensely. 3. Form -ly adverbs of degree to complete the chart below. AN EYE ON VESTIBULAR
ever to elevating women in media. [...]
This section contains( )listening
( ) -ly / extremely -ing / intensifying activities with authentic Adjectives Adverbs of Degree What does the word “feminist” mean to you?
c. Adverbs of degree are usually positioned VESTIBULAR FUVEST
who’s2018 – 1a fase – Prova V that has missed / has been
texts aimed atcaptions.
developing
1. In pairs, describe the photos
the below. Then
adjective, adverb, or them students’
match with
listening skills.
Most of the food Americans eat is now produced entire “It’s someone just trying to restore a balance

E
their corresponding on such large-scale, mechanized farms, which grow missing from our culture for far too long. It means understanding the effect
that they modify.
row afterhighrow of a single crop, allowing farmers to
Questões you 89haveeon90the people around you, and what a certain amount of respect can
a.
( Extracted
) after / pronoun (
from http://content.time.com/time/covers/
) before / verb
Extracted from www.nationalgeographic.com. Extracted from www.newsweek.com/archive/2014.
cover more ground with less labor. Algorithmsaccomplish in your They
are everywhere. daily play
life — asstockmarket,
the decidetangible
much as the more whetherthings like,have
you can ‘People
a mortgage, and may one day
europe/0,16641,20051003,00.html. Accessed on August 28, 2018. Accessed on August 28, 2018. Accessed on August 28, 2018.

Extractedhuge drive yourshould

car forget paid.’”
you. They search the Internet when commanded, stick carefully chosen advertisements into the
2. 2. Read
Listen topart
AlexofStaniforth
a text about
talkthe Mariana
about mining disaster
his experience and infer what happened to him.
from www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/feeding-9-billion.

effects and underline the adverb of degree. Then answer:

Accessed on August 21, 2018. sites you [...]
visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops. (…) But what exactly are algorithms, and what
a. ( ) He fell 70ft into a crevasse. moderate
08 what word does it modify? 2. Listen to the first part of a talk on threats to the planet
makes them so powerful?
I read a statistic that it would take 44 years for the pay to be equal [...] What
b. ( ) He was caught in an avalanche on Everest.
06
and complete the sentences accordingly.
partial
PL An algorithm
do youis, essentially,
think bothamen brainless
and women way of doing
can docleverto helpthings.
speed It is
upathatset oftimeline?
mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some desirable outcome. Long
precise steps that need no great
c. ( ) He rescued someone from an underwater cave. a. One of the biggest dangers to the planet is our need for “We need to overcompensate a little bit for the fact that we’ve under
division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar with—if you follow the procedure, you are
How Brazil’s Worst Environmental Disaster Is Still strong
. compensated / have been under compensating forever. Things have to be
3. Listen to the whole recording and order the sentences accordingly. guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy, rediscovered thousands of times every year by schoolchildren
pushed to be even. People have to make decisions that may seem counterintuitive
e.b.( ) Alex planstotal tocontributes to global forwarming and
Affecting Thousands of People bored with learning mathematical algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness
09 a. ( ) The earthquake struck. return to Everest
accelerates the loss of biodiversity.
a third attempt. to a businessman every now and then, because they’ll pay as little as they can to
is key: each step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving directions
b. ( ) Alex realized he had escaped the worst of the avalanche.
b. f. ( ) After two days, they were helicoptered down. everyone.
4.c. In yourspread
If the notebook, summarize
of prosperity the the
across textworld
excerpt below using
continues, are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like “stew the meat until tender” or “it’s a few miles down the road” are too
[...]
c. ( ) An avalanche killed 16 Sherpa guides on Mount Everest. g. ( your
) Twelve monthsInsert
own words. later, two
Alexadverbs
was ready to
of to venture
degree from back.
the vague to follow without at least some interpretation.
the amount of will need be doubled by Adapted from https://businesscollective.com/an-interview-with-joss-whedon-on-womens-equality-in-the-workplace/index.html.
d. ( ) Alex thought of his family and imagined the h. ( previous activities.
) The avalanche . hit Alex like an express train.
(…) Accessed on September 17, 2018.
The Economist, August 30, 2017.
headlines announcing his death.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS d. Thailand

The debatecave: over Howhow to address the global
the rescue operation unfolded
challenge has been polarized by those who favor
food
No texto, um exemplo associado ao fato de algoritmos Segundo o texto, a execução de um algoritmo consiste
M
3. Check ( ) the statements you can infer from the text. Inferring
After a soccer practice on Saturday 23 June, 12 young
agriculture and proponents of local and estarem por toda parte é em um processo que
EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS players and their “Wild Boars” team coach entered the a. ( ) Women are all underpaid.
farms. a. o cartão de crédito. a. prevê a memorização de tabelas e fórmulas.
In this end-of-unit section students are presented with
Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. 10km (6 mile)
e. province,
As we try to
ThenTham discuss
Luang
meet theThailand.
yourcave
answers
complexwith in your
Chiang Rai
for food worldwide,
b. ( ) Feminists believe that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.
b. o livre mercado. b. envolve mecanismos de seleção e detecção de erros.

DIGITAL COMPONENTS
classmates and teacher,
( ) At Granja justifying
Mantiqueira youreight
in Brazil pointmillion
of view.hens northern c. ( ) It may take a long time for both men and women to have equal pay.
c. a dieta. c. se apoia em um número infinito de etapas.
lay 5.4 million eggs a day. Conveyor belts whisk the they failed to
When challenges
return home,posedaby agriculture
huge search will d. ( ) The text is all about men valuing women.
three statements that allow them to discuss the topic in
[…] the eggs to a packaging facility. Demand for
Whatmeat has tripled be
in the developing
than oneworld socio-in four
become
I agree.
operation more
wasurgent. I’m not
launched, sure.
with rescuers facing I disagree.
a race
d. o jogo de xadrez.
e. ( ) Men have the best salaries and positions in the jobs market.
e. o comércio eletrônico.
d. é incompatível com análises subjetivas e imprecisas.
e. alterna níveis altos e baixos de esforço intelectual.
could possibly worse against time to find them as heavy rain battered the f. ( ) #HeForShe is a movement that promotes economic equality within the local communities.
decades, while egg consumption
more prepared hasand increased
3. Listen to the last part of the text and rephrase the
the listening comprehension section and think critically 104 lessons for all Language in Use and Vocabulary in
Video
a. Disaster survivors are often capable of making
SA

environmental catastrophe? region and flooded parts of the cave.

smart sevenfold,when driving
theyaarehuge expansion offuture
large-scale speaker’s conclusion using your own words. Then share
Two ofdecisions
them. under pressure in events.
animal operations. 07 your answer
After with they
10 days, your were
classmates.
found weak but alive. […] 111
On November
b. Although natural5,disasters
2015, theare Fundão
apparentlydam, located
caused in thethey are
by nature,
about it while using the target language.
(usually
) On the Vulgamore
at least
sub-district ofpartly farm
Bentocaused near
or made
Rodrigues, Scott
35worse City, Kansas,
by human
km from
combine can harvest up to 25 acres of wheat an hour
each
decisions.
the center
Extracted from https://news.sky.com/story/thailand-cave-rescue-how-the-boys-were-
found-11424201. Accessed on August 28, 2018.
Use sections and for exam practice.
c. Nations
– asacross theprovide
well as world must addressdata
real-time issues
onrelated to global
crop yields.
warming, climate change, and carbon emissions to reduce the risks of
41
environmental disasters.
EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS
42 Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. As our food choices are almost endless nowadays, so are the methods
of cultivating, transporting, preparing, and modifying food for our
consumption.

b. The food we choose to eat helps support unfair treatments of

animals and the chaotic usage of natural resources that negatively
affect ourselves and the environment in many different ways.

c. A balance between producing more food and sustaining the planet is

the answer to our present issues related to ethical eating in the face
of an astonishing population growth, a worldwide financial crisis, and
environmental chaos.

34

REVIEW
Mock test generator with major Brazilian Vestibular and
Aer every two units there is a two-page section for students
ENEM questions to prepare students for these exams.
to review and practice the language they have learned so far.

REVIEW 3 Units 5 and 6

1. Read the title of the following text. Who is its target audience? Identifying the target audience

2. Now read the whole text and answer: What is its main purpose? Identifying the main purpose of a text

Why binge-watching might actually be good for you

By Jim Medina, UC Santa Barbara and the effects of mediated messages. “And emotional
Tuesday, May 30, 2017 experiences keep our attention and we engage with
Joe Smith (not his real name) cheated on his wife. them. We think about them. We talk about them. And
Up late one night alone, he watched half a season of then we look forward to having those emotions again.”
“Game of Thrones” without her. Not cool, Joe. […]
Turns out Joe is not alone, though. In a recent Netflix survey, Though research has been conducted on the value of
46 percent of all respondents admitted to such infidelity. media consumption, Nabi disagrees with critics who
Worse, 81 percent admitted to being repeat offenders, and argue that TV watching is a waste of time. “They say
45 percent never confess their betrayal at all. you’re ignoring your spouse, you’re ignoring your work,
-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb
[…] 8 and you’re staying up too late, not getting enough sleep 25/04/19 16:27
– and there’s some truth to that,” she said. “But another
 UNIT Gender
Equality is for
1 Everybody

E
PL
M
SA

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• reflect on gender equality;
• talk about gender stereotypes
and modern masculinity;
• learn how to use the present Do you agree with the title of this unit?
perfect continuous for actions How can you relate it to the picture?
or states that started in the Do women and men have equal
past and are still going on in
the present; LEAD OFF opportunities in Brazil? What about
in other parts of the world?
What are some stereotypes about
• compare the uses of the men and women? Do you think that
present perfect simple and the any of them are true?
present perfect continuous.

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 9 25/04/19 16:27

 READING
BEFORE READING
Work in pairs. What do you understand from the quotes below? Bridging and relating to the topic

My message to girls everywhere in this world: Speak without shame and stand up with love for women’s
believe in yourself and trust yourself, because if equality, and bring about the change we all want to see.
you don’t believe in yourself, no one else will. (Ram Devineni, Indian-American – co-creator of comic
(Marta Vieira da Silva, Brazilian – FIFA Women’s book superhero Priya, who fights gender-based violence)
World Player of the Year 2006, 2010, and 2018)

Extracted from www.unwomen.org. Accessed on January 27, 2019.

WHILE READING
Skim the text. What is it about? Skimming to identify the main topic

Working women: Key facts and trends in female labor

force participation

E
In almost every country in the world, men are more likely to participate in labor markets than women. However, these
gender differences in participation rates have been narrowing substantially in recent decades. […]
PL
• All over the world, labor force participation among women of working age increased substantially in the last century.
• In some parts of the world, the historical increase in female labor force participation has slowed down or even regressed
slightly in recent years.
• Women all over the world allocate a substantial amount of time to activities that are not typically recorded as “economic
activities”. Hence, female participation in labor markets tends to increase when the time-cost of unpaid care work is
reduced, shared equally with men, and/or made more compatible with market work.
M
[…]
The following visualization provides a picture of how men and women compare today in terms of participation in labor
markets, country by country. Shown is the female-to-male ratio in labor force participation rates (expressed in percent).
These figures show estimates from the International Labor Organization (ILO). These are “modelled estimates” in the
SA

sense that the ILO produces them after harmonizing various data sources to improve comparability across countries.
As we can see, the
numbers for most
countries are well below The female-to-male ratio of labor force participation rates is calculated by dividing the labor force participation rate
100%, which means among women, by the corresponding rate for men. The labor force participation rate is defined as the proportion
that the participation of the population ages 15+ that is economically active. All figures correspond to ‘modeled ILO estimates’ (see
of women tends to source for details).
be lower than that of
men. Yet differences
are outstanding: in
countries such as Syria
or Algeria, the ratio is
below 25%. In contrast,
in Laos, Mozambique,
Rwanda, Malawi, and
Togo, the relationship is
close to, or even slightly
above 100% (i.e. there
is gender parity in labor
force participation or
even a higher share
of women participating
in the labor market
than men).
[…]

Source: World Bank - WDI Extracted from https://ourworldindata.org/female-labor-force-participation-key-facts. Accessed on August 7, 2018.

10

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 10 25/04/19 16:27

 Unit 1
AFTER READING
1. Check ( ) the statement that best summarizes the text. Summarizing

a. ( ) Men and women participate equally in labor markets around the world.
b. ( ) In most countries men tend to take part in job markets more than women.
c. ( ) All around the world, women participate in job markets more than men.

2. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Use fragments from the text to correct the false ones. Understanding details

a. ( ) Women’s participation in the job market has declined around the world in this century.

b. ( ) The ratio of female to male labor force participation is similar in Syria and Mozambique.

c. ( ) All over the world, some activities performed by women are not considered economic activities.

E
PL
EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY
M

1. Refer to the text on page 10 to infer the meaning of

b.
these words and match the columns to find their synonyms. “Gender in the Workplace Is
Then use some of them to complete the headlines that follow.
SA

Possible. We Did It; You Can, Too”

a. parity ( ) assign
b. labor ( ) equality Extracted from www.workforce.com
Accessed on August 8, 2018.
c. slow down ( ) work
d. allocate ( ) portion c. Women make up nearly half of the labor
e. share
( ) reduce force; will remain steady in
coming decades
a.
“In many countries, at least four-in-ten in the Extracted from www.pewresearch.org
Accessed on August 8, 2018.
force are women”

Extracted from www.pewresearch.org

Accessed on August 8, 2018.

2. Work in pairs. Discuss the headlines from activity 1. Relate them to the text on page 10 and to your previous knowledge on the
subject. Then answer the question: What does women’s labor force participation actually tell us about gender equality?

11

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 11 25/04/19 16:28

 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. Read an extract from the text on page 10 and pay attention to the part in bold. Then use other expressions from the same
word group to complete the diagrams below. Use the suggestions from the box.

[...] there is gender parity in labor force participation or even a

higher share of women participating in the labor market than men.

biased stereotypes call for change diversity appreciation equal pay

human rights imbalance of power sexual harassment social awareness
social exclusion unequal salaries women’s empowerment workplace discrimination

GENDER PARITY GENDER INEQUALITY

E
PL
2. The campaign ad below is part of the feminine hygiene products line Always initiative “#LikeAGirl”, which aims at ensuring
girls’ self-confidence by showing them that doing things like a girl is great. Exchange ideas about it with your classmates.
M
SA

You are incredible.

You are unstoppable.
And you do things
#LikeAGirl.

Rewrite the Rules.

3. Look at the ad again and answer: What is the function of the hashtag in this context?
a. ( ) It expresses humor by referring to a famous internet meme.
b. ( ) It encourages people to share and support the campaign.

4. Match the hashtags with the corresponding initiatives.

a. #GeenaOnGender b. #ItsOnUs c. #girlsCHARGE

( ) To back the movement to abolish sexual assault on college campuses, saying that all of us have the responsibility to stop it.
( ) Created by Geena Davis, it aims to modify how women and girls are portrayed in media, film, and entertainment.
( ) To promote the effort to safely educate and raise ambition for more girls globally.
Based on https://mashable.com/2014/10/01/women-hashtags/#ol0EvZdAysqp. Accessed on August 8, 2018.

12

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 12 25/04/19 16:28

 Unit 1
LANGUAGE IN USE 1
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1. The excerpt below was extracted from the text on page 10. about the many wresting power from the few
Read it, pay special attention to the part in bold, and and helping one another for nothing and how
answer the questions. that will not only change the world, but also
change the way the world changes.” The same
However, these gender differences in is true of the power shift we are witnessing
participation rates have been narrowing
substantially in recent decades. with women.
[…]
Extracted from http://time.com/5191419/women-leading-fight-equality-sexual-
a. When did gender differences start narrowing? harassment. Accessed on August 9, 2018.

b. Eurimages and gender equality

b. Are they still narrowing nowadays?

Since 2012, Eurimages the issue

of gender equality in the film industry.
2. Considering the extract and your answers in activity 1, A Gender Equality Working Group composed of
check ( ) the correct alternatives to complete the
representatives from a number of member states
sentences below.

E
has been set up and meets quarterly, with the
a. The structure have been narrowing was used to
aim of:
( ) talk about an action that was in progress in the past.
PL • studying the current situation of the presence
( ) talk about an action that started in the past and is of women in the cinema sector at national and
still in progress. international level in co-operation with other
b. The verb tense used in the structure is the present national and international bodies;
perfect continuous. It is formed by • analyzing the current situation of Eurimages
M

( ) have/has + been + verb + -ing. with regards to gender equality in the selection
( ) have/has + been + verb in the past participle. of projects;
[…]
SA

3. Use the verbs consider, fight, and go in the present perfect Adapted from www.coe.int/en/web/eurimages/gender-equality. Accessed on
continuous to complete the text fragments that follow. August 9, 2018.

a. How the Fight for Gender Equality Is Changing in 2018

4. Work in pairs and answer these questions. If possible,
[…] use the present perfect continuous in your answers. Then
report your opinions to the class.
Women for equal rights for a. What other aspects concerning gender equality have we
generations, for the right to vote, the right to been neglecting nowadays?
control our bodies, and the right to equality in
the workplace. And these battles have been hard
fought, but we still have a long way to go, and
our victories are under threat. Equality in the
b. Have gender stereotypes been showing boys and girls in
workplace – women in a range of fields from
your country what the culture expects?
domestic work to the entertainment industry can
tell you – it’s still just a dream.
[…]
The message is loud and clear: We’ll take
over from here, thanks. The rate things c. Have gender roles been changing in your community?
Provide examples.
, we’re certain we’ll do a better
job. When Lev Grossman wrote the feature for
TIME’s Person of the Year in 2006, he said, “It’s

13

-EXPAND_3_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 13 25/04/19 16:28

 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the text and check ( ) the correct alternative to answer the question: What’s the author’s purpose?
a. ( ) To teach or provide information.
b. ( ) To tell his story and convince the reader that his position is valid.
c. ( ) To hold the attention of the reader through entertainment.

Men do cry: one man’s experience of depression

By Matt Heig - Canongate Books
I can remember the day the old me died. It started with a However, the serotonin theory of depression looks a bit wobbly.
thought. Something was going wrong. That was the start. Before The problem has been highlighted by the emergence of
I realized what it was. And then, a second or so later, there was antidepressants that have no effect on serotonin, and some that
a strange sensation inside my head. Some biological activity in do the exact opposite of an SSRI (namely, selective serotonin
the rear of my skull, not far above my neck. The cerebellum. A reuptake enhancers, such as tianeptine) which have been
pulsing or intense flickering, as though a butterfly was trapped shown to be as effective at treating depression. Add to this the
inside, and a tingling sensation. I did not yet know of the fact that serotonin in an active living human brain is a hard thing
strange physical effects depression and anxiety would create. to measure and you have a very inconclusive picture indeed.
[…] […]
Anyway, I was 24. I was living in Spain – in one of the more For me, the moment of recovery came in April 2000. It was totally
sedate and beautiful corners of the island of Ibiza. It was inconsequential. In fact, there is not much to write about. That

E
September. Within a fortnight, I would have to return to London, was the whole point. It was a moment of nothingness, of absent-
and reality. After six years of student life and summer jobs. I had mindedness, of spending almost 10 seconds awake but not
put off being an adult for as long as I could, and it had loomed actively thinking of my depression or anxiety. I was thinking about
PL
like a cloud. A cloud that was now breaking and raining down on work. About trying to get an article published in a newspaper. It
me. […] I didn’t want to die. Death was something that scared wasn’t a happy thought, but a neutral one. But it was a break in the
me. And death only happens to people who have been living. […] clouds, a sign that the sun was still there, somewhere. It was over
When you are trapped inside something that feels so unreal, not much after it began, but when those clouds came back there
you look for anything that can give you a sense of your was hope. There would be a time when those painless seconds
M

bearings. I craved knowledge. I craved facts. would become minutes and hours and maybe even days.
A lot of people still believe that depression is about chemical […]
imbalance. “Incipient insanity was mainly a matter of chemicals,” So what should we do? Talk. Listen. Encourage talking.
SA

wrote Kurt Vonnegut, in Breakfast of Champions. “Dwayne Encourage listening. Keep adding to the conversation. Stay on
Hoover’s body was manufacturing certain chemicals which the lookout for those wanting to join in the conversation. Keep
unbalanced his mind.” It is an attractive idea. And one that has, reiterating, again and again, that depression is not something
over the years, been supported by numerous scientific studies. you “admit to”, it is not something you have to blush about,
A lot of research into the scientific causes of depression has it is a human experience. It is not you. It is simply something
focused on chemicals such as dopamine and, more often, that happens to you. And something that can often be eased
serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, a type of chemical that by talking. Words. Comfort. Support. It took me more than a
sends signals from one area of the brain to the other. The theory decade to be able to talk openly, properly, to everyone, about
goes that an imbalance in serotonin levels – caused by low brain my experience. I soon discovered the act of talking is in itself a
cell production of serotonin – equates to depression. So it is no therapy. Where talk exists, so does hope.
surprise that some of the most common antidepressants, from
Adapted from www.theguardian.com/society/2015/feb/22/men-do-cry-depression-
Prozac down, are SSRIs – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors matt-haig-reasons-to-stay-alive. Accessed on February 5, 2019.
– which raise serotonin levels in your brain.

2. What is the author’s assumed position in the article?

3. Underline the correct statements about position articles such as the one above.
a. They focus on topics that need or call for discussion or d. They present a balanced and logical view of an issue.
reconsideration.
e. They are short pieces of fiction that present the following
b. They shouldn’t report a clear position on the target topic. parts: introduction, rising action, climax, falling action,
and resolution.
c. They should suggest a call for action or a proposal
regarding the target topic.

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 Unit 1
LANGUAGE IN USE 2
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1. Read the extracts from the text on page 14 and choose the correct words in parentheses to complete the information about
the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous.

And death only happens to people A lot of research into the scientific causes of depression
who have been living. has focused on chemicals such as dopamine [...].

a. Both the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous are used to indicate that an action started in the past
and is (not / still) going on or has just finished.
b. In some cases, both tenses are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning. Besides meaning that an action is still
in progress in the present, we use the present perfect simple mainly to emphasize the (completion /
progress) or the result of an action and the present perfect continuous focuses on the (conclusion /
duration) or continuous course of an action.

2. Refer back to the extracts in activity 1 and complete the value on things like modesty and quality of life.
chart below with the structures in bold.
In Mexico, a machismo culture is associated with
Focus on the result masculine pride and power. This
Focus on the duration

E
or completion negative expression in sexual violence and abuse, to
the point that many women and men have tired of
this norm and are protesting against it in an effort
PL
3. Use the verb forms from the box to complete the text. to promote change.
By contrast, in South Korea, many men use
has been has found have captured skincare products and makeup as a part of their
have changed ’ve been trying daily routine. The perfectly kohl-lined eyes of the
M
country’s K-Pop bands the hearts
Modern masculinity: Are we in crisis? 06 March 2017 of fans worldwide.
In recent years, female empowerment […]
SA

a hot topic in marketing and Adapted from www.iris-worldwide.com/news/modern-masculinity-are-we-in-

crisis. Accessed on August 9, 2018.
broader culture – from the 3% Conference (and
their mission to support female creative leadership
in agencies) to the lyrics of Beyoncé. But while we 4. Discuss the quote below in small groups. Then come up
to address female stereotypes, with your own definition of gender injustice.
have we been blind to the stereotypes around
masculinity? Our view on what it is to be ‘a man’ still Gender injustice is a social impairment
remains limited. […] and therefore has to be corrected
In just three generations, our ideas about in social attitudes and behavior.
(Mohammad Hamid Ansari)
masculinity dramatically. A
recent UK YouGov survey highlighted this divide, Extracted from www.brainyquote.com/quotes
with 56% of 65+ men describing themselves as Accessed on August 9, 2018.

‘completely masculine’, opposed to only 2% of 18-

24s. […]
The psychologist Geert Hofstede applied ‘masculine’
and ‘feminine’ traits to countries, examining
how a society’s culture influenced its values and
behavior. More ‘masculine’ countries favor ambition,
wealth, and differentiated gender roles, while more
‘feminine’ countries overlap gender roles, and place

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. What do you think the movies in these posters have in common?

E
2. Listen to part of a talk on an interview with Jennifer Siebel Newsom. Which movie listed in activity 1 is it about?
02
PL
3. Listen to another part of the talk that explains what the movie is about and fill in the blanks.

03
[…]
Her film was originally shown at Sundance and broadcast in the US in 2011. It features an impressive line-up
M

of women, including Nancy Pelosi, Condoleezza Rice, Katie Couric, and Gloria Steinem, as well
as academics and activists who all flesh out the idea that the demeaning and representation
of women in the media is a significant contributor in holding women back from positions of power. This, in
SA

turn, the lives of all women, from the pay gap and career opportunities aer
, to mental health issues and the rise of cosmetic surgery.
[…]
Extracted from www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/mar/03/feminist-film-maker-taking-on-hollywood. Accessed on Octuber 4, 2018.

4. Work with a partner. Refer to the texts you have read in this unit and to the transcript on page 136. Then answer: How has
the way media portrays women and men been changing over the past years? What other changes do you think should
happen in the future? Share your opinions and experiences with the class.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. The growth of the number of women in the workforce is unquestionably

the most significant change in the economy in the past century.

b. Gender stereotypes sustain gender-specific behaviors that can

harm everybody.

c. Gender roles and expectations are still deep-rooted into our culture
although a lot of progress has been made towards gender equality.

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 WORKBOOK
E
PL
M
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Unit 1 Gender Equality Is for Everybody

1. Look at the text. What is it? Circle the correct answer. Identifying the genre

a. an film review
b. a story
c. a poem
d. an interview

2. Skim the text. Check ( ) the sentence that best describes what is in it. Skimming

a. ( ) A conversation with Joss Whedon about men’s role in the workplace.

b. ( ) A discussion where Joss Whedon shows advantages and disadvantages of working with women.
c. ( ) A conversation with Joss Whedon about men and women having equal roles in the workplace.

A Talk with Joss Whedon on Women’s

Equality in the Workplace
[…]

E
Joss Whedon is a perfect example of a man stepping forward to fight the battle
for equal pay. He has consistently pushed strong female roles to become an
unremarkable standard. Whedon told us why we must pay more attention than
PL
ever to elevating women in media. […]
What does the word “feminist” mean to you?
“It’s someone who’s just trying to restore a balance that has missed / has been
missing from our culture for far too long. It means understanding the effect
M

you have on the people around you, and what a certain amount of respect can
accomplish in your daily life — as much as the more tangible things like, ‘People
should get paid.’”
SA

[…]
I read a statistic that it would take 44 years for the pay to be equal […] What
do you think both men and women can do to help speed up that timeline?
“We need to overcompensate a little bit for the fact that we’ve under
compensated / have been under compensating forever. Things have to be
pushed to be even. People have to make decisions that may seem counterintuitive
to a businessman every now and then, because they’ll pay as little as they can to
everyone.
[…]
Adapted from https://businesscollective.com/an-interview-with-joss-whedon-on-womens-equality-in-the-workplace/index.html.
Accessed on September 17, 2018.

3. Check ( ) the statements you can infer from the text. Inferring

a. ( ) Women are all underpaid.

b. ( ) Feminists believe that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.
c. ( ) It may take a long time for both men and women to have equal pay.
d. ( ) The text is all about men valuing women.
e. ( ) Men have the best salaries and positions in the jobs market.
f. ( ) #HeForShe is a movement that promotes economic equality within the local communities.

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 Unit 1

4. Read the text again. Think of the rules about present perfect simple and present perfect continuous and underline the
correct alternative to complete the sentences in the interview on page 104. Then write the form of each of these verb tenses.

5. Reread these sentences from the interview on page 104 and circle the correct alternative.
a. The sentence “It’s someone who’s just trying to restore a balance that has been missing from our culture for far too long”
focuses on the completion / duration of an action.
b. The sentence “We need to overcompensate a little bit for the fact that we have been under compensating forever” focuses
on the completion / duration of an action.

6. Look at the words in italics in the interview on page 104. Use them to complete the dictionary entries below.

(noun):
(adjective):
opposite
a state in which clear enough to be easily
ces exist in
forces or influen seen or noticed
rre ct amounts,
equal or the co

E
od
in a way that is go
PL
(phrasal verb): (adjective):
not based on
a feeling
to come and offer help, information, etc.
M

(noun): the principle that men and women

SA

should have the same salary if they do the same work

(noun): (verb): to succeed in doing

something, especially after trying
ople have very hard
a situation in which pe
, ad va nta ges, etc.
the same rights

Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on September 18, 2018.

7. Read the testimonials below. What are the people talking about? Check ( ) the correct alternative.
a. “In my job both men and women are treated the same way. Women are respected and can also take leading posts. In fact,
my boss is a woman, and she is one of the best managers in our factory.” - Dylan, 28
( ) unequal pay ( ) balance of power ( ) equal pay
b. “I have been working at my current job for about six years. Last month I found out my male colleague, who has been working
with me for less than a year, gets around 15% more than me and does the same job. It is so unfair!” - Sonia, 33
( ) unequal pay ( ) equal pay ( ) balance of power
c. “I work for a clothing store. Sometimes I feel that my boss comments on our appearance way too much. Just last week he
told me to stand by the front door because I was pretty and I would attract lots of customers. I have more qualities than just
being pretty! I’m a good salesperson!” - Vivian, 24
( ) unequal pay ( ) sexual harassment ( ) women’s empowerment

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 8. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the present perfect continuous.
a. My mom (read) a lot of articles about feminist movements lately.
b. You have a lot of good ideas. you (study) about the subject recently?
c. We (wait) here for over an hour.
d. Women (fight) for gender equality for a very long time.
e. I (do) research for a new article on equal pay.
f. Mark (work) for us for a year now.

9. Read the quotes about gender equality. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box to form present perfect simple
or present perfect continuous sentences.

be (x2) reach show succeed try write

a. Women’s value

under-recognized for
far too long.

E
PL (Sidney Sheldon)

b. The failure of women to

positions
of leadership has been due
in large part to social and
M
professional discrimination.
In the past, few women
, and even
fewer .
SA

(Rosalyn Sussman Yalow)

c. Some of the greatest survivors have been women. Look at the courage so many women
after surviving earthquakes in the rubble for days on end. (Bear Grylls)

d. Women’s progress a collective effort. (Gloria Steinem)

e. I’m just one voice, but there are many others like me. Women
strong women characters for a long time – hello, Maxine Hong Kingston! – it’s
just taken mainstream comics a really long while to catch up. (Marjorie Liu)

Extracted from www.brainyquote.com. Accessed on September 18, 2018.

10. Refer back to the quotes in activity 9. Identify and write two time expressions that focused on the duration of the action.

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 Unit 1

11. Answer the questions with your own information.

a. How long have you been living in this town/city? What do you like most about it?

b. How long have you been studying English? In your opinion, is it important to learn a foreign language? Justify your answer.

c. Do women in your family work outside of the home? If so, how long have they had a job? Did your great-grandmother
have a job or was she a housewife?

E
d. How long have women in your country been allowed to vote?
PL
M

AN EYE ON VESTIBULAR
SA

VESTIBULAR UNICAMP 2016 – Provas Q e Z

1a Fase – Questões 36 e 37
Advice for new students from those who know (old students)
“The first day of college I was a ball of nerves. I remember walking into my first class and running to the first seat
I found, thinking everyone would be staring at me. But nobody seemed to notice and then it hit me: The fact that
nobody knew me meant nobody would judge, which, upon reflection, was what I was scared of the most. I told
myself to let go. All throughout the year, I forced myself into situations that were uncomfortable for me — for
example, auditioning for a dance piece. Believe it or not, that performance was a highlight of my freshman year. My
advice: challenge yourself to try something new, something you couldn’t have done in high school.”
– Ria Jagasia, Vanderbilt University,’18.

(Adaptado de www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/ education/edlife/advice-for-new-students-from-those-who-know-old-students.html?ref=edlife.)

No primeiro dia de faculdade, Ria ficou muito nervosa Para lidar com a situação, a estratégia adotada foi
deixar de se preocupar e
a. por não conhecer ninguém.
b. por achar que seria julgada pelos colegas. a. fazer coisas que nunca fez antes.
c. porque ninguém olhou para ela. b. fazer novos amigos.
d. porque não sabia dançar. c. fazer um curso de dança como ouvinte.
d. abandonar o curso.

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