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Figure 1: Signal Visualizer Circuit: 2.1 Module 1 Design and Validation

The document describes the design of a signal visualizer circuit consisting of a differential amplifier, band pass filter, and LED circuit, with a focus on the differential amplifier module. It details the design parameters and validation of the amplifier using LTSpice, including input and output characteristics, gain calculations, and component values. The final design parameters for the differential amplifier are summarized in a table.

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adeel malik
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11 views3 pages

Figure 1: Signal Visualizer Circuit: 2.1 Module 1 Design and Validation

The document describes the design of a signal visualizer circuit consisting of a differential amplifier, band pass filter, and LED circuit, with a focus on the differential amplifier module. It details the design parameters and validation of the amplifier using LTSpice, including input and output characteristics, gain calculations, and component values. The final design parameters for the differential amplifier are summarized in a table.

Uploaded by

adeel malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Prt-1
A signal visualizer circuit is designed in this part of report. Visualizer circuit consists of
three modules: a differential amplifier, band pass filter and LED circuit. Block diagram of overall
schematic is shown below.

Figure 1: Signal Visualizer Circuit


Each module of the circuit is designed and validated in LTSpice separately.

2.1 Module 1 Design and Validation

Module 1 of visualizer circuit consists of Op-Amp based differential amplifier. A differential op-
amp amplifies the difference of voltage between non-inverting and inverting terminals while rejecting
any common signal applied to both terminals. Circuit diagram of a differential amplifier is shown below.

Figure 2. Op-Amp Based Differential Amplifier


Output of a differential amplifier can be obtained as:

V 0= A d V 1 d + A cm V 1cm

Where,

V0 R4 R2 R3
Acm = =( )(1− )
V 1 cm R 4+ R 3 R1 R4

For special case, when R1 ¿ R 3 and R2=R 4 then above expression will become as:
V0
Acm = =0
V 1 cm
In this case, only differential signal will be present at input and output can be obtained as:

V 0=V 2
( R4
R 4 + R3 )( R1 + R2
R1 ) R2
−( )V 1
R1

For same special case, when R1 ¿ R 3 and R2=R 4 then above expression will become as:

R2
V 0= (V −V 1 )
R1 2
V 0= A d V 1 d

So,

R2 V 0
Ad = =
R1 V 1 d
V 1 d =V 2−V 1

Given Data

Differential amplifier module’s input are two microphones, not battery powered, with output
resistance750 Ω . Microphones are like transducers with output range of −1 mV ≤ Vmic ≤+1 mV .
Therefore, overall differential signal (V 1 d =Vmic 2−Vmic 1) at input of amplifier will have range of
−2 mV ≤ V 1 d ≤+2 mV ∨△ V 1 d =4 mV .

Input resistance of amplifier is 8 times the output resistance of each microphone and load is
represented by resistance of1 M Ω.

Design

Input voltage to the input of amplifier will be a single AC voltage source with amplitude of 2 mV
and frequency of2 kHz . It can be represented as:

V 1 d =2sin ( 4000 πt ) mV

Input resistance of amplifier is 8 times the value of transducer’s output resistance, which is
750 Ω . So, input resistance of amplifier will be:
Rid =2 R1 =8 x 750=6 k Ω

From this value of R1=3 k Ω, as R1 and R3 have same value, R3 will also be3 k Ω .

Op-amp is biased by two dc voltage sources of+6 V ( V ss ) ∧−6 V (V ¿¿ EE) ¿.


The required final output △ V d=100 mV while △ V 1d =4 mV . Differential gain of amplifier is
related to output and input voltage as:

△ V d V 0 100 mV
Ad = = = =25V /V
△ V 1d V 1d 4 mV

This gain is related to feedback resistor R2and input resistance R1 as:

R2
Ad = =25 V /V
R1

In dB this gain will be Ad =20 log ( )


V0
V 1d
=20 log ( 25 ) =27.96 dB

Differential gain and R1 are already known, so value of R2 will be75 k Ω . As, R2 and R4 have
same value, value of R4 will also be75 k Ω .

Summary of designed parameters for differential amplifier are tabled below.

Component/ Quantity Value


V ss +6 V
V EE −6 V
V 1d 2 sin ( 4000 πt ) mV
R1 3k Ω
R2 75 k Ω
R3 3k Ω
R4 75 k Ω
Ad 25
Table 1. Differential Amplifier Design Parameters

Circuit in LTSpice

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