20.

(a)Write and execute a program to implement Row Level and Statement Level Triggers
(b) Write and execute transaction control languages

(i)Commit, rollback and save points.

a. Output :

Row-Level Trigger: Inserted Employee ID 1

Statement-Level Trigger: Insert operation performed on Employee table.
Row-Level Trigger: Inserted Employee ID 2
Statement-Level Trigger: Insert operation performed on Employee table.

Notes:

 To see DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE messages, ensure the DBMS_OUTPUT is enabled in

your SQL client (e.g., Oracle SQL Developer).
 For enabling:

Sql

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

Run this before executing the script.

b. AccID | Balance
--------------
1 | 1000
2 | 2000

AccID | Balance
--------------
1 | 900
2 | 2000

AccID | Balance
--------------
1 | 900
2 | 2100

AccID | Balance
--------------
1 | 900
2 | 2000

Output Summary:
  After First Update:
o Account 1: Balance reduced to 900.
 After Savepoint Creation:
o No visible output; SAVEPOINT sp1 is created.
 After Second Update:
o Account 2: Balance temporarily increased to 2100.
 After Rollback to Savepoint:
o Account 2: Balance reverted to 2000.
 After Commit:
o Transaction committed. Changes to Account 1 balance are now
permanent.

4. Write and execute Data Manipulation Language

(a)Insert, Delete, Update

(b) Cartesian Product, Equi Join, Left Outer Join, Right Outer Join and Full Outer Join

(a) Insert, Delete, Update

Initial Table States:

1. Employee Table:

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EmpID | Name | Salary
-----------------------
1 | Alice | 50000
2 | Bob | 60000

2. Department Table:

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DeptID | DeptName
-----------------
1 | HR
2 | IT

Insert:
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INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (3, 'Charlie', 70000);
INSERT INTO Department VALUES (3, 'Finance');

Output After Insert:

 Employee Table:

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EmpID | Name | Salary
 -------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000
2 | Bob | 60000
3 | Charlie | 70000

 Department Table:

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DeptID | DeptName
-----------------
1 | HR
2 | IT
3 | Finance

Delete:
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DELETE FROM Employee WHERE EmpID = 2;

Output After Delete:

 Employee Table:

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EmpID | Name | Salary
-------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000
3 | Charlie | 70000

Update:
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UPDATE Employee SET Salary = 80000 WHERE EmpID = 3;

Output After Update:

 Employee Table:

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EmpID | Name | Salary
-------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000
3 | Charlie | 80000

(b) Joins

Cartesian Product:
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SELECT * FROM Employee, Department;
Output:

 Combines all rows from both tables.

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EmpID | Name | Salary | DeptID | DeptName
--------------------------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000 | 1 | HR
1 | Alice | 50000 | 2 | IT
1 | Alice | 50000 | 3 | Finance
3 | Charlie | 80000 | 1 | HR
3 | Charlie | 80000 | 2 | IT
3 | Charlie | 80000 | 3 | Finance

Equi Join:
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SELECT e.EmpID, e.Name, e.Salary, d.DeptName
FROM Employee e, Department d
WHERE e.EmpID = d.DeptID;

Output:

 Matches rows where EmpID in Employee equals DeptID in Department.

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EmpID | Name | Salary | DeptName
------------------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000 | HR

Left Outer Join:

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SELECT e.EmpID, e.Name, e.Salary, d.DeptName
FROM Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN Department d
ON e.EmpID = d.DeptID;

Output:

 All rows from Employee with matching Department rows and NULL for non-match-
ing:

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EmpID | Name | Salary | DeptName
------------------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000 | HR
3 | Charlie | 80000 | NULL

Right Outer Join:

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SELECT e.EmpID, e.Name, e.Salary, d.DeptName
FROM Employee e RIGHT OUTER JOIN Department d
ON e.EmpID = d.DeptID;

Output:

 All rows from Department with matching Employee rows and NULL for non-match-
ing:

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EmpID | Name | Salary | DeptName
------------------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000 | HR
NULL | NULL | NULL | IT
NULL | NULL | NULL | Finance

Full Outer Join:

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SELECT e.EmpID, e.Name, e.Salary, d.DeptName
FROM Employee e FULL OUTER JOIN Department d
ON e.EmpID = d.DeptID;

Output:

 All rows from both tables, with NULL for non-matching entries:

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EmpID | Name | Salary | DeptName
------------------------------------
1 | Alice | 50000 | HR
3 | Charlie | 80000 | NULL
NULL | NULL | NULL | IT
NULL | NULL | NULL | Finance
(a) Write and execute transaction control languages
6.
(i)Commit, rollback and save points.

(b) Write and execute

(i)Aggregate Functions
(ii)Set Operations

(iii)Nested Queries

Output:

TotalOrders | TotalRevenue | AverageOrderValue | MinimumOrderValue | Maxim-

umOrderValue
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
2 | 1300.00 | 650.00 | 600.00 | 700.00
b. CustomerID | Name

-----------------

1 | Alice

Output:

 Average TotalAmount is 650.00, so the query retrieves orders with amounts greater
than this value:

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OrderID | CustomerName | TotalAmount
------------------------------------
2 | Bob | 700.00