ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF COMMERCE
BASIC STATISTICS – Stat2131
Worksheet II/Assignment II
Assignment Questions: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 18, 24, 25, 30 and 31

1. What purpose does a measure of dispersion serve?

2. Why are measures of central tendency not sufficient to study a frequency distribution?
3. Briefly explain the meaning, purpose and types of Skewness and Kurtosis and give practical
examples.
4. what are the uses of measures of location (Quantiles) (i.e Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles)
5. In a final exam in a Statistics course, the mean mark of a group of 150 students was 78 and
the standard deviation is 8. In Mathematics exam of the same group, the mean was 73 and the
standard deviation was 7.6.
a) In which group was there a greater dispersion?
b) Suppose a student scored 75 in Statistics and 71 in Mathematics. In which exam was his
relative standing better?
c) Suppose Student “A” scored 80 in Statistics and 75 in Mathematics while student “B”
scored 75 in Statistics and 80 in mathematics, whose performance is better A or B?
6. Suppose the mean, the mode, and the standard deviation of a certain distribution are 32, 30.5
and 10 respectively. What is the shape of the curve representing the distribution? (Hint:
Compute the skewness of the distribution and interpret the result)
7. Some characteristics of annually family income distribution (in Birr) in two regions is as
follows:
Region Mean Median Standard Deviation
A 6250 5100 960
B 6980 5500 940
a) Calculate coefficient of skewness for each region
b) For which region is, the income distribution more skewed. Give your interpretation for
this Region
c) For which region is the income more consistent?
8. For a moderately skewed frequency distribution, the mean is 10 and the median is 8.5. If the
coefficient of variation is 20%, find the Pearsonian coefficient of skewness and the probable
mode of the distribution.
9. Let E, F, and G be three events. Describe the following events using set notation.
a. Only E occurs
b. Both E and G but not F occurs
c. At most one of them occurs
d. At most two of them occur
e. Exactly two of them occur
10. Draw Venn diagrams to verify De Morgan’s Laws. That is, for any two sets A and B,
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(A ∪ B) = A ̅∩B ̅ and (A
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∩ B) = A̅∪B ̅.
11. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a row for a show. In how many different ways
can they be seated.
a) If each couple is to sit together?
b) If all the women sit together?
c) If all the women sit together to the right of all the men?
12. If a multiple-choice test consists of 4 questions each with 4 possible answers of which one is
correct
A. In how many different ways can a student check off one answer to each question?
B. In how many different ways can a student check off one answer for each question and
get all the questions wrong?
13. In how many ways can a committee of three be chosen from 4 married couples if
I. All are equally eligible?
II. One particular man must be on the committee?
14. If the permutation of the word WHITE is selected at random, find the probability that the
permutation
a) Begins with a consonant
b) Ends with a vowel
c) Has a consonant and vowels alternating
15. If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf containing 5 novels, 3 books of poems, and a
dictionary, what is the probability that
a) the dictionary is selected?
b) 2 novels and 1 book of poems are selected?
16. How many different seven-digit telephone numbers can be formed if the first digit cannot be
zero?
17. Explain what mean by mutually exclusive events and independent events with examples.
18. A lot consists of 10 good articles, 4 with minor defects, 2 with major defects. One article is
chosen at random. Find the probability that:
a) It has no defects.
b) It has no major defects.
c) It has either good or has major defects.
19. Suppose two balanced coins are tossed and the upper faces observed.
a. List the sample points of this experiment
b. Assign a reasonable probability to each point. (Are the points equally-likely?)
c. Let A denote the event that exactly one head is observed and B the event that at least
one head is observed. List the sample points in A and B.
d. From your answer to (c), find P(A), P(B), P(A ∩ B), P(A ∪ B) and P(A′ ∪ B)
20. Two football teams, I and II, are equal abilities and play each other in a four-game series.
The outcomes of each game are recorded
a. List the points in the sample space
b. Let A be the event that team I wins exactly three times. List the sample points in A.
c. Make a reasonable assignment of probabilities to the sample points and find A.
21. An experiment consists of tossing a pair of dice
a. Use the combinational theorem to determine the number of sample points in the sample
space S.
b. Find the probability that the sum of numbers appearing on the dice is equal to 7.
c. Find the probability that the sum is divisible by 4
d. Find the probability that both numbers are even
e. Find the probability that the number on the dice are equal
f. Find the probability that the number differ at least by 4
g. Find the probability that the total number of points showing is 10
22. Four students are to be randomly selected to fill certain student government posts, from a
group of three undergraduate and five graduate students. Find the probability that exactly
two undergraduates will be among the four chosen.
23. If two events, A and B, are such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.1, find
the following:
𝑎. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) 𝑏. 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) 𝑐. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) 𝑑. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑒. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
24. For a certain population of employees, the percentages passing and failing a job competency
exam, listed according to sex, were as shown in the accompanying table. That is, of all the
people taking the exam, 24% were in the male-pass category, 16% were in the male-fail
category, and so forth. An employee is to be selected 3 randomly from this population. Let
A be the event that the employee scores passing grade on the exam and M the event that a
male is selected.
a) Are the events A and M independent?
b) Are the events A’ and F independent?
c) P(A’UM) D. P(A|F)
sex
Outcomes Male(M) Female (F) Total
Pass (A) 24 36 60
Fail (A’ ) 16 24 400
Total 40 60 100

25. Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment. Suppose that P(A)=0.4
and P(AUB)=0.7. Let P(B)=α
a. For what choice of α are A and B mutually exclusive?
b. For what choice of α are A and B independent?
c. What is the P(A|AUB)?
26. In a large graduating class of 100 students 54 studied mathematics, 69 studied library sciences,
and 35 studied both mathematics and library science. If one of these students is selected at
random, find the probability that
a) The student takes mathematics or library science
b) The student does not take either of these subjects
c) The student takes library science but not mathematics
27. The personnel department of a company has records which show the following analysis of its
200 accountants.
Age Bachelor’s degree only Master’s degree
Under 30 90 10
30 to 40 20 30
Over 40 40 10
If one accountant is selected at random from the company, find
a. The probability he has only a bachelor’s degree.
b. The probability he has a master’s degree, given that he is over 40.
c. The probability he is under 30, given that he has a bachelor’s degree.
a. What amount of soil erosion would you predict for a wind velocity of 90 Km/Hr?
28. State the conditions (assumptions) under which random variable can have a binomial
distribution.
29. A balanced coin is tossed three times. Calculate the probability that exactly two of the three
tosses turn out to be three heads.
30. The probability that a freshman entering at Commerce School will survive first semester is
0.92. (From 2021/22 academic year statistics). Assuming this pattern remain unchanged
over the subsequent years, what is the probability that among 100 randomly selected
freshmen in first semester,
a. None will survive?
b. Exactly 97 will survive?
c. At least three will survive?
31. The following data were collected from a certain household on the monthly income (X) and
consumption (Y) for the past 10 months.
X: 650 654 720 456 536 853 735 650 536 666
Y: 450 523 235 398 500 632 500 635 450 360

a) Fit a linear regression line and comment on the result.

b) Calculate the correlation coefficient and comment on it.
c) Estimate the amount of consumption for monthly income amount of 900.
32. It has been observed that the amount of soil eroded (in Kg) per day (Y) is determined by the
wind velocity (X) in that day (Km/Hr). Data obtained from the ministry of agriculture for a
certain area gave the following summary statistics.
n n n

Y
i =1
i = 80.9 X
i =1
i
2
= 117,123.86 Y
i =1
i
2
= 412.81

Regression line: Y = -4.54 + 0.1123 X

a. What change in amount of soil erosion would be associated with 1 Km/Hr change in wind
velocity?
b. What amount of soil erosion would you predict for a wind velocity of 90 Km/Hr?