1/5/25, 12:10 AM 2.barplots.

ipynb - Colab

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Installing collected packages: jedi, watermark
Successfully installed jedi-0.19.2 watermark-2.5.0

import watermark
print(watermark.__version__)

2.5.0

%load_ext watermark

%watermark -u -v -d -p matplotlib,numpy

Last updated: 2024-12-27

Python implementation: CPython

Python version : 3.10.12
IPython version : 7.34.0

matplotlib: 3.8.0
numpy : 1.26.4

More info about the %watermark extension

%matplotlib inline

Bar plots in Matplotlib

keyboard_arrow_down Sections
Bar plot with error bars
Horizontal bar plot with error bars
Back-to-back bar plot
Grouped bar plot
Stacked bar plot
Bar plot with plot labels/text 1
Bar plot with plot labels/text 2
Barplot with auto-rotated labels and text
Bar plot with color gradients
Bar plot pattern fill

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1wx0YR9djNjsmhiFIruuPedAXH709lduU#printMode=true 1/5
1/5/25, 12:10 AM 2.barplots.ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Bar plot with error bars

mean_values: A list representing the heights of the bars in the bar plot.

variance: A list representing the error values (e.g., standard deviations or standard errors) associated with each bar. These will be visualized as
error bars.

bar_labels: Labels for each bar, used to identify them on the x-axis.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# input data
mean_values = [1, 2, 3]
variance = [0.2, 0.4, 0.5]
bar_labels = ['bar 1', 'bar 2', 'bar 3']

# plot bars
x_pos = list(range(len(bar_labels)))
plt.bar(x_pos, mean_values, yerr=variance, align='center', alpha=0.5) #Transparency

plt.grid()

# set height of the y-axis

max_y = max(zip(mean_values, variance)) # returns a tuple, here: (3, 5) [(1, 0.2), (2, 0.4), (3, 0.5)]
plt.ylim([0, (max_y[0] + max_y[1]) * 1.1]) # Among [1.2, 2.4, 3.5], the maximum is 3.5. Multiply by 1.1 to add 10% padding above the max

# set axes labels and title

plt.ylabel('variable y')
plt.xticks(x_pos, bar_labels) #x_pos: Positions [0, 1, 2] , bar_labels: Labels ['bar 1', 'bar 2', 'bar 3'] assigned to each position
plt.title('Bar plot with error bars')

plt.show()
#plt.savefig('./my_plot.png')

keyboard_arrow_down Horizontal bar plot with error bars

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# input data
mean_values = [1, 2, 3]
std_dev = [0.2, 0.4, 0.5]
bar_labels = ['bar 1', 'bar 2', 'bar 3']

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1wx0YR9djNjsmhiFIruuPedAXH709lduU#printMode=true 2/5
1/5/25, 12:10 AM 2.barplots.ipynb - Colab

# plot bars
y_pos = np.arange(len(mean_values))
y_pos = [x for x in y_pos]
plt.yticks(y_pos, bar_labels, fontsize=10)
plt.barh(y_pos, mean_values, xerr=std_dev,
align='center', alpha=0.4, color='g')

# annotation and labels

plt.xlabel('measurement x')
t = plt.title('Bar plot with standard deviation')
plt.ylim([-1,len(mean_values)+0.5])
plt.xlim([0, 4])
plt.grid()

plt.show()

keyboard_arrow_down Back-to-back bar plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# input data
X1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
X2 = np.array([2, 2, 3])

bar_labels = ['bar 1', 'bar 2', 'bar 3']

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

# plot bars
y_pos = np.arange(len(X1))
y_pos = [x for x in y_pos]
plt.yticks(y_pos, bar_labels, fontsize=10)

plt.barh(y_pos, X1,
align='center', alpha=0.4, color='g')

# we simply negate the values of the numpy array for

# the second bar:
plt.barh(y_pos, -X2,
align='center', alpha=0.4, color='b')

# annotation and labels

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plt.xlabel('measurement x')
t = plt.title('Bar plot with standard deviation')
plt.ylim([-1,len(X1)+0.1])
plt.xlim([-max(X2)-1, max(X1)+1]) # max(X2): 3 , max(X1): 3 , plt.xlim([-3 - 1, 3 + 1]) → plt.xlim([-4, 4])
plt.grid()

plt.show()

keyboard_arrow_down Grouped bar plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Input data
green_data = [1, 2, 3]
blue_data = [3, 2, 1]
red_data = [2, 3, 3]
labels = ['group 1', 'group 2', 'group 3']

# Setting the positions and width for the bars

pos = list(range(len(green_data)))
width = 0.2

# Plotting the bars

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6))

plt.bar(pos, green_data, width,

alpha=0.5,
color='g',
label=labels[0])
#x = pos: [0, 1, 2]
plt.bar([p + width for p in pos], blue_data, width,
alpha=0.5,
color='b',
label=labels[1])
#[0.2, 1.2, 2.2]
plt.bar([p + width*2 for p in pos], red_data, width,
alpha=0.5,
color='r',
label=labels[2])

#[0.4, 1.4, 2.4]

# Setting axis labels and ticks

ax.set_ylabel('y-value')
ax.set_title('Grouped bar plot')
ax.set xticks([p + 1.5 * width for p in pos])
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1wx0YR9djNjsmhiFIruuPedAXH709lduU#printMode=true 4/5
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ax.set_xticks([p + 1.5 width for p in pos])
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)

# Setting the x-axis and y-axis limits

plt.xlim(min(pos)-width, max(pos)+width*4) # min(pos) - width = -0.2 , max(pos) + width*4 = 2 + 0.8 = 2.8
plt.ylim([0, max(green_data + blue_data + red_data) * 1.5]) # [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3] , max(...) * 1.5 = 4.5

# Adding the legend and showing the plot

plt.legend(['green', 'blue', 'red'], loc='upper left')
plt.grid()
plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1wx0YR9djNjsmhiFIruuPedAXH709lduU#printMode=true 5/5