1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.

ipynb - Colab

!pip install watermark

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Downloading jedi-0.19.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.6 MB)
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Installing collected packages: jedi, watermark
Successfully installed jedi-0.19.2 watermark-2.5.0

%load_ext watermark

%watermark -u -v -d -p matplotlib,numpy

Last updated: 2024-12-27

Python implementation: CPython

Python version : 3.10.12
IPython version : 7.34.0

matplotlib: 3.8.0
numpy : 1.26.4

More info about the %watermark extension

%matplotlib inline

Boxplots in matplotlib

keyboard_arrow_down Sections
Simple Boxplot

Black and white Boxplot

Horizontal Boxplot

Filled and cylindrical boxplots

Boxplots with custom fill colors

Violin plots

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 1/6
1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Simple Boxplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(5, 8)]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))

plt.boxplot(all_data,
notch=False, # box instead of notch shape
sym='rs', # red squares for outliers
vert=True) # vertical box aligmnent

plt.xticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], ['x1', 'x2', 'x3'])

plt.xlabel('measurement x')
plt.title('Box plot')
plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 2/6
1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.ipynb - Colab

Median: The middle value of the dataset.

Quartiles: Indicate the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

Whiskers: Extend to show the range of the data, excluding outliers.

Outliers: Data points that fall outside the whiskers, marked as red squares ('rs').

keyboard_arrow_down Black and white Boxplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(1, 4)]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

bplot = plt.boxplot(all_data,
notch=False, # box instead of notch shape
sym='rs', # red squares for outliers
vert=True) # vertical box aligmnent

plt.xticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], ['x1', 'x2', 'x3'])

plt.xlabel('measurement x')
print(bplot.keys())
for components in bplot.keys():
for line in bplot[components]:
line.set_color('black') # black lines

t = plt.title('Black and white box plot')

plt.show()

Show hidden output

keyboard_arrow_down Horizontal Boxplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(1, 4)]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

plt.boxplot(all_data,
notch=False, # box instead of notch shape
sym='rs', # red squares for outliers
vert=False) # horizontal box aligmnent

plt.yticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], ['x1', 'x2', 'x3'])

plt.ylabel('measurement x')

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 3/6
1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.ipynb - Colab
t = plt.title('Horizontal Box plot')
plt.show()

keyboard_arrow_down Filled and cylindrical boxplots

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(1, 4)]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

plt.boxplot(all_data,
notch=True, # notch shape
sym='bs', # blue squares for outliers
vert=True, # vertical box aligmnent
patch_artist=True) # fill with color

plt.xticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], ['x1', 'x2', 'x3'])

plt.xlabel('measurement x')
t = plt.title('Box plot')
plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 4/6
1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Boxplots with custom fill colors

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(1, 4)]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

bplot = plt.boxplot(all_data,
notch=False, # notch shape
vert=True, # vertical box aligmnent
patch_artist=True) # fill with color

colors = ['pink', 'lightblue', 'lightgreen']

for patch, color in zip(bplot['boxes'], colors):
patch.set_facecolor(color)

plt.xticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], ['x1', 'x2', 'x3'])

plt.xlabel('measurement x')
t = plt.title('Box plot')
plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 5/6
1/5/25, 12:09 AM Preprocessing1.ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Violin plots

Violin plots are closely related to Tukey's (1977) box plots but add useful information such as the distribution of the sample data (density trace).

Violin plots were added in matplotlib 1.4.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1,ncols=2, figsize=(12,5))

all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, 100) for std in range(6, 10)]

#fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))

axes[0].violinplot(all_data,
showmeans=False,
showmedians=True
)
axes[0].set_title('violin plot')

axes[1].boxplot(all_data,
)
axes[1].set_title('box plot')

# adding horizontal grid lines

for ax in axes:
ax.yaxis.grid(True)
ax.set_xticks([y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))], )
ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')

plt.setp(axes, xticks=[y+1 for y in range(len(all_data))],

xticklabels=['x1', 'x2', 'x3', 'x4'],
)

plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1Q5fiq-P-0FtUFLMVr4emtHGQ3RpEH-gP#printMode=true 6/6