Information Technology 1.

2 2024
Class CUITM109

Group 2 Participants
FirstName LastName RegNumber

Theresa Muzunze C23158110U

Tafara B Nyamande C24159296T
Tapiwanashe Chirau C24158871K
Thomalyn Chakupa C24158705K
Anis Matanga C24158520V
Prosper Makware C23154785R
Tanyaradzwa Chimusasa C24158482C
Munashe Mutodza C24158674A
Part 1: Problem Identification:
The first problem we found at CUT Library is that some of their computers are really old and
can’t run the newest version of Windows. Because of this, they had to switch to using a different
operating system called Mint Linux.
Although Mint Linux is a popular operating system, known for its stability and user-friendly
interface, it does come with some drawbacks.
 1. LIMITED SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY: Some specialized applications that are
designed for Windows may not work on Mint Linux, limiting the software options
available to the systems adminstrator.

2. STEEP LEARNING CURVE: For staff members who are unfamiliar with Linux, the
transition to Mint Linux can be challenging, leading to a temporary decrease in
productivity.

3. DEVICE SUPPORT ISSUES: Devices like printers and scanners may not always work
properly with Mint Linux, causing frequent technical problems.

4. LACK OF PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT: Unlike Windows, Mint Linux doesn’t have

the same level of professional support available, making troubleshooting more difficult
and time-consuming.

5. DELAYED UPDATES: Security patches and system updates for Mint Linux might not
be as easy or comprehensive as those for Windows, potentially leaving the system
vulnerable to security risks.

Second problem we found was that the systems administrator also has a personal laptop running
Windows 10. This laptop is compatible with Windows 11 but has not been upgraded yet.
This has a few drawbacks to it which are:

1. Security Vulnerabilities: Windows 10 will continue to receive security updates until

October 2025, after this period, it will no longer be supported by Microsoft. This means
that any newly discovered vulnerabilities will remain unpatched, leaving the system
susceptible to cyberattacks, malware, and other security threats. Windows 11 also
includes advanced security features such as hardware-based isolation, encryption, and
enhanced threat protection that are not available in Windows 10. By not upgrading, the
system might miss out on these critical protections.

2. Compatibility Issues with New Software: As software developers optimize their

applications for Windows 11, some new applications and updates may not be fully
compatible with Windows 10. This could lead to functionality issues or even the inability
to install or run certain software. Hardware manufacturers may start prioritizing or
exclusively supporting Windows 11 with their new drivers, leading to potential issues
with hardware compatibility on Windows 10 systems.

3. Performance Limitations: Windows 11 is optimized for modern hardware, including

better support for multi-core processors and high-performance storage devices. Windows
10 may not fully utilize these resources, leading to suboptimal performance.

4. Missing Out on New Features and Enhancements: Windows 11 offers a more modern
and streamlined user interface, including a redesigned Start Menu, new multitasking
features (e.g., Snap Layouts), and improved touch, pen, and voice inputs. Not upgrading
means missing out on these enhancements, which could affect productivity and user
satisfaction.

5. Reduced Future-Proofing: As Windows 10 approaches its end of life in 2025,

organizations and users who have not upgraded may face a rushed and potentially costly
transition to a new operating system. Delaying the upgrade could result in being forced to
upgrade at an inopportune time, leading to disruptions in operations.
There is a server desktop in the office that runs Windows 10 and is responsible for storing book
records for the library. Since it is running Windows 10, regular updates and maintenance are
essential to ensure the server remains secure and functional, especially since it handles critical
data.

SOLUTION PROPOSAL:

1. Machine running Mint Linux

Given the limitations of Mint Linux, particularly regarding software compatibility and support,
it's essential to take proactive steps to optimize security, performance, and usability within their
IT infrastructure. Here are some solutions we came up with to enhance the operation of the
library`s IT department while using Mint Linux:

Implement Security Measures:

• Ensure all systems running Mint Linux have up-to-date antivirus and antimalware
software installed.
• Configure the Linux firewall (`ufw` or iptables) and regularly update firewall rules to
protect against unauthorized access.
• Educate employees about safe computing practices, such as avoiding suspicious email
attachments and links, and securely handling sensitive data.
• Implement network segmentation to isolate critical systems, limiting the impact of
potential security breaches on the broader network.

Regular Software Updates:

• Although Mint Linux receives updates, ensure all installed software is consistently
updated to the latest versions to avoid vulnerabilities.
• Consider using package management tools like `APT` for automated updates and using
third-party repositories cautiously.
• Regularly review and update security policies to reflect the unique requirements of Mint
Linux.
Data Backup and Recovery:
• Regularly back up important data stored on Mint Linux systems to prevent data loss in
the event of hardware failure, malware attacks, or other disasters.
• Utilize Linux-based backup solutions like `rsync`, `Deja Dup`, or cloud-based backup
services, and test data recovery procedures periodically to ensure reliability.
Plan for Future OS Migration or Integration:
 • Develop a migration plan that considers transitioning from Mint Linux to a more
compatible or professionally supported operating system like Windows 10 or Windows
11, depending on their organization's evolving needs.
• Assess hardware requirements and compatibility for any new operating system they may
consider, ensuring minimal disruption during the migration process.
• Evaluate the long-term support options for Mint Linux, considering factors such as
updates, software compatibility, and available technical support.
These enhanced solutions are designed to strengthen the security, performance, and overall
usability of CUT Library`s Mint Linux systems, ensuring that their IT environment remains
strong and adaptable to future challenges.

2. Personal Laptop running Windows 10

As the personal laptop is currently running Windows 10 and is compatible with Windows 11, it's
important to consider upgrading to ensure optimal performance, security, and long-term support.
However, if upgrading immediately is not possible, here are some solution proposals to enhance
security, performance, and usability.
Implement Security Measures:
• Enable and Update Windows Defender: Ensure Windows Defender is active and up-to-
date to protect against malware, viruses, and other security threats.
• Firewall Configuration: Verify that the Windows Firewall is enabled and regularly
review and update firewall rules to protect against unauthorized access.
• Install Trusted Antivirus Software: Consider using additional trusted antivirus software
alongside Windows Defender for layered protection.
• Safe Computing Practices: Educate the user about safe computing practices, such as
avoiding suspicious emails, using strong passwords, and enabling two-factor
authentication where possible.
Regular Software Updates:
• Keep Software Up-to-Date: Ensure that all software, including web browsers,
productivity tools, and third-party applications, is regularly updated to the latest versions.
• Windows Updates: Schedule regular Windows updates to apply the latest security
patches and system enhancements. Even if an upgrade to Windows 11 is not immediate,
staying current on Windows 10 updates is critical.
Data Backup and Recovery:
• Implement Regular Backups: Regularly back up important data on the laptop to both
cloud storage (e.g., OneDrive, Google Drive) and external storage devices.
• Test Recovery Procedures: Periodically test data recovery procedures to ensure that
backups are functional and that data can be restored in case of loss or corruption.
Plan for Windows 11 Upgrade:
 • Develop a Migration Plan: Plan for a gradual transition to Windows 11. This includes
evaluating software compatibility, backing up data, and scheduling the upgrade during a
period of minimal disruption.
• Assess and Optimize Hardware: While the laptop is compatible with Windows 11,
assess the current hardware to ensure it meets the recommended requirements for
Windows 11. Consider upgrading components like RAM or storage if necessary.

3. Server Desktop
The server desktop running Windows 10 is critical as it stores book records for the library.
Ensuring the security, reliability, and performance of this server is important. Here are some
solution proposals to enhance its operation and safeguard the data it holds.
Implement Security Measures:
• Enable Windows Firewall and Update Rules: Ensure the Windows Firewall is active
and regularly update firewall rules to protect the server from unauthorized access and
potential cyber threats.
• Install Advanced Security Solutions: Consider installing advanced security software
such as a dedicated server antivirus, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and encryption
tools to protect sensitive data.
• Network Segmentation: Implement network segmentation to isolate the server from less
secure parts of the network, minimizing the risk of lateral movement in case of a security
breach.
• Regular Security Audits: Schedule regular security audits to assess vulnerabilities and
ensure that all security measures are up to date and functioning as intended.
Regular Software and System Updates:
• Schedule Regular Windows Updates: Ensure that Windows 10 is regularly updated
with the latest patches, especially those related to security and server functionality.
• Keep Server Software Up-to-Date: Regularly update all server-related software,
including database management systems, backup solutions, and any other server-specific
applications.
Data Backup and Recovery:
• Implement Redundant Backup Solutions: Establish multiple backup solutions,
including both cloud-based and local backups, to ensure data redundancy and protect
against data loss.
• Automate Backups: Set up automated backups to occur at regular intervals, ensuring
that recent data is always secured.
• Test Data Recovery: Periodically test the server's data recovery processes to verify that
backups are reliable and that data can be restored quickly in case of an emergency.
Plan for Long-Term Server Management:
• Develop a Server Maintenance Plan: Create a detailed maintenance plan that includes
regular hardware checks, software updates, and security assessments.
 • Evaluate the Need for Server Upgrades: Regularly evaluate the server's performance
and consider upgrading hardware components or transitioning to a newer operating
system in the future if required.

Part 2: Recommendations and Implementation Plan

Recommendations
For the Old Desktop:
1. Recommendation 1: Upgrade the Desktop or Hardware
• Upgrade the hardware to make the system capable of running Windows 10 or 11.
• Alternatively, replace the desktop with a new system.
2. Recommendation 2: Enhance Security on Mint Linux
• Implement advanced security measures like SELinux or AppArmor.
• Regularly update the system and applications.

For the Personal Laptop:

1. Recommendation 1: Upgrade to Windows 11
• Begin the upgrade process to benefit from enhanced security features and long-term
support.

For the Server Desktop:

1. Recommendation 1: Regular Maintenance
• Schedule regular maintenance checks and updates.
2. Recommendation 2: Implement a Backup Solution
• Use cloud-based and local backup solutions to secure the book records.

Implementation Plan

Step 1: Hardware Upgrade or Replacement (Old Desktop)

1. They have to assess the cost and possibility of upgrading the current hardware versus
purchasing a new system.
2. If they want to upgrade, they should identify and purchase compatible hardware
components.
3. Last step would be to install the necessary operating system (Windows 11 or Mint Linux)
and ensure all software is compatible.
Step 2: Windows 11 Upgrade (Personal Laptop)
1. Backup important data on the laptop.
2. Initiate the Windows 11 upgrade process.
3. Reconfigure software and settings post-upgrade.

Step 3: Maintenance and Backup Solutions (Server Desktop)

1. Establish a regular maintenance schedule for updates and performance checks.
2. Implement and test a robust backup system (both cloud and local).