January 2025

Volume 103 | Issue 1

President’s
end-of-term report

Designing bamboo
connections

Reimagining
a project brief

A way out
of the woods?
How real-world examples of regenerative practice
are pointing our industry to a brighter future

pp01 TSE_January25_Cover.indd 1 19/12/2024 10:09

 thestructuralengineer.org/jobs
The Structural Engineer Jobs is the official jobs board
for The Institution of Structural Engineers.
The perfect place to find the latest
structural engineering vacancies.

pp02-03 TSE_January25_Contents.indd 2 19/12/2024 10:09

 Upfront
5 Editorial
6 News
9 Obituary: Anthony Ray Flint, 1924–2024
10 President’s end-of-term report: A year of
collective engineering with purpose
12 Institution election lists

Feature
16 One hundred years of progress: Midland

10
Counties Regional Group centenary

Climate action
19 Structural Engineers Declare: collectively
making an impact
20 A project reimagined: the questions I wished I
had asked

Professional guidance
24 A new Eurocode, EN 1994-1-102, for
composite dowel shear connectors
28 CROSS Safety Alert: Smoke vents rendered
inoperable by building work

Technical
30 Design of a connection with metal plates and
screws in natural bamboo – worked example

30
Opinion
36 Viewpoint: Regenerative design – disrupting
the industry
January 2025

40 Verulam
42 Book review: Designing zero carbon
buildings: embodied and operational
emissions in achieving true zero

At the back
43 Spotlight on Structures
Issue 1
HAZEL HILL WOOD © IAN POOLE

44 Diary dates
46 Regional focus
48 Services directory
50 TheStructuralEngineer Jobs
Volume 103

24
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 2025 President’s Inaugural Address –
Structural engineering: an ever-evolving profession

The Institutions 104th President, Mohamad Al-Dah,

shares his global career journey, from his childhood
in Dubai to becoming a professionally ualified
structural engineer who recognises the value of
mentoring and collaboration.
Please join us for Mohamad’s inspirational address
where he will look ahead to his presidential year
committed to IStructE’s purpose to promote and
advance structural engineering.

Date: 23 January 2025

Time: 18:00 – 19:30 GMT
Location: IStructE HQ & Online
Book a place Price: Free

21688_president_2025_inaugural_HP.indd 1 10/12/2024 10:12

pp04-05 TSE_January25_Editorial.indd 4 19/12/2024 09:42

 Editorial Upfront

PRESIDENT
Mohamad Al-Dah
CEng, FIStructE

CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Yasmin Becker

EDITORIAL
HEAD OF PUBLISHING
Lee Baldwin

MANAGING EDITOR
Robin Jones
t: +44 (0) 20 7201 9822
e: [email protected]

EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES
Will Brown
t: +44 (0) 20 7201 9121
e: [email protected]

ADVERTISING
Robin Jones Managing Editor
DISPLAY SALES
t: +44 (0) 1223 378025
e: [email protected]

Reasons for
RECRUITMENT SALES
t: +44 (0) 1223 378045
e: [email protected]

DESIGN
CPL One SENIOR DESIGNER

optimism
James Baldwin

PRODUCTION
CPL One PRODUCTION EDITOR
Amy Bennett

EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP

Will Arnold FIStructE
Premma Makanji MIStructE
Allan Mann FIStructE
Chris O’Regan FIStructE
Angus Palmer MIStructE
Eleana Savvidi MIStructE
IN THE AUGUST 2024 ISSUE OF The Structural of the Institution’s hierarchy of net-zero design,
Engineer, we reported on a workshop exploring Ruth applies these principles retrospectively to a
Subscription prices
Institutional (online only): £539.95 the concept of regenerative design. Participants in completed project to explore how she could have
Institutional (print + online): £569.95
Personal (print only): £139.95
the workshop explained that they viewed current approached the design differently by uestioning
Personal (online only): £124.95 business models in the industry as ‘degenerative’ the client’s brief to unlock carbon savings.
Personal (Student Member): £51.95
and identified a need for a paradigm shift to And the belief that engineers can achieve
Single articles – digital: £9.95
Single issues – digital: £14.95
deliver positive, restorative outcomes. change and progress through their collective
Single issues – print: £25.00 How to deliver this paradigm shift is the focus action is central to both the aspirations of the
Printed by of the Regenerative Design Lab, a transformative Structural Engineers Declare initiative following its
Warners Midlands plc
The Maltings, Manor Lane Bourne,
learning programme hosted at Hazel Hill wood, 2024 summit (page 19) and our 2024 President
Lincolnshire PE10 9PH a conservation woodland in southern England Tanya de Hoog’s closing message to members
United Kingdom
(which also features on our in which she reviews
© The Institution of Structural Engineers.
The Structural Engineer is published by IStructE
cover this month). the achievements of the
Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Institution Inspired by his time at Institution during her term
of Structural Engineers.
the lab, Ian Poole shares in o ce (page 10).
ISSN 1446-5123 (Print)
a series of ‘disruptive Elsewhere in the issue,
ISSN 2753-4421 (Online)
innovations’ – real-world WE HOPE YOU we present a summary of
Contributions published in The Structural
Engineer are published on the understanding case studies that show how FIND THESE a new part of Eurocode
regenerative thinking can
EXAMPLES 4 planned for publication
that the author/s is/are solely responsible for the
statements made, for the opinions expressed
and/or for the accuracy of the contents. be applied in practice (page in 2026. Roger Johnson
Publication does not imply that any statement or
opinion expressed by t e aut or/s re ects t e 36). Like Ian, we hope you INSPIRING IN and colleagues introduce
views of the Institution of Structural Engineers’
Board; Council; committees; members
find these examples inspiring
in your efforts to deliver
YOUR EFFORTS TO readers to EN 1994-1-102,
which will address the use
DELIVER DESIGNS
or employees. No liability is accepted by such
persons or by the Institution for any loss or
damage, whether caused through reliance on designs that impact the of composite dowels as
any statement, opinion or omission (textual
or otherwise) in The Structural Engineer, or
world positively. THAT IMPACT THE shear connectors (page 24).
otherwise. Among the examples
Ian gives are nature-based WORLD Our regular CROSS slot
highlights a recent safety
POSITIVELY
The Institution of Structural Engineers
International HQ
47–58 Bastwick Street
solutions, including materials alert on the risks of smoke
London EC1V 3PS such as bamboo. With vents rendered inoperable
United Kingdom
t: +44 (0)20 7235 4535 growing interest in bamboo by building work (page
e: [email protected]
as a construction material, we are pleased to 28). And we celebrate the work and history of the
The Institution of Structural Engineers bring you an article presenting a connection Institution’s regional groups, with both a roundup
Incorporated by Royal Charter
Charity Registered in England and Wales number design method for bamboo culms using screws of recent activities (page 46) and a centenary
233392 and in Scotland number SC038263
and metal plates (page 30). review of the Midland Counties group (page 16).
Ian s message of thinking differently about Congratulations to the group on this milestone.
designs also underpin an article by Ruth Eve Finally, it just remains for me to wish all
(page 20). Following a series of articles last year our members and readers a happy and
summarising reading around the different levels prosperous 2025!

5
thestructuralengineer.org | January 2025

pp04-05 TSE_January25_Editorial.indd 5 19/12/2024 09:42

 Upfront News

Institution news
Industry news IStructE issues guidance on structural submissions for
New web platform examines Gateways 2 and 3
the future of timber The Institution of Structural Engineers has complies with Building Regulations.
As the construction industry looks to published technical guidance on preparing ‘Each Gateway must be passed before a
low-carbon solutions, timber is gaining the structural aspects of Gateways 2 and 3 development can proceed to the next stage.
popularity as a renewable material. But submissions for higher-risk buildings (HRBs) This is therefore important guidance as in
with growing demand for wood, there is a under the Building Safety Act. the UK approx. 2000 HRBs are constructed
need to protect our forests and plant more Created with leading authors from industry, annually – buildings at least seven storeys/18m,
trees to provide material, sequester carbon including Arup and Aecom, Structural and containing at least two residential units.
and enhance biodiversity. submissions for higher-risk buildings under There is also an existing stock of 12 500 HRBs
Evolving Forests, with support from the Building Safety Act: guidance for for which new construction
the timber supply chain and funding Gateways 2 and 3 details works need approval.’
from Built by Nature, the Forestry the statutory framework The guide covers numerous
Commission, Scottish Forestry Trust and for such submissions interlinked aspects of the
Egger, has been investigating whether for both new-build and Gateways 2 and 3 submission
forest conservation and timber use can in-scope work to existing stages, such as the statutory
truly coexist. HRBs, and provides framework, legal issues,
The result is a new web platform recommendations on recommended content, quality
featuring film, audio and articles content. control and compliance, and
exploring this crucial question. Topics Patrick Hayes, the possible impact on design
covered include: IStructE’s Technical and procurement practices.
| bioregionalism Director and one of the
| investment authors, said: ‘This is a The guidance is
| species critical process, so this available to buy from
| radical realism guide supports structural the IStructE bookshop at
| responsibility. engineers to prepare www.istructe.org/
Gateways 2 and 3 resources/guidance/
Find out more at www.evolvingforests. submissions. These must structural-submissions-for-
com/future-of-timber. verify that a building design higher-risk-buildings/.

Industry news
New viability tool to
Industry news
facilitate building upwards
with timber New study reveals pathways to close ‘carbon gap’ in UK concrete
A pan-European consortium of
production
developers, designers and engineers has A recently released scoping study from the such as e cient use of concrete and reducing
launched a platform to accelerate the Lower Carbon Concrete Group (LCCG) and clinker content can kickstart progress, the
practice of extending buildings vertically Climate Group’s ConcreteZero initiative highlights report underscores that urgent, concerted and
using bio-based materials. viable solutions to close the ‘carbon gap’ in coordinated action across the sector is essential
Known as ‘Optoppen’ – a Dutch UK concrete production by the early to mid- to fully close the carbon gap.
term translating as ‘topping up’ – the 2030s. Concrete production is responsible for Welcoming the report, IStructE Head of
development method takes advantage around 8% of global CO2 emissions, making Climate Action, Will Arnold, said: ‘This timely
of the spare loadbearing capacity of the decarbonising the industry an urgent priority. report from ConcreteZero and the LCCG
majority of existing buildings in Europe: Led by Bruce Martin MIStructE, Associate highlights what many in the industry already
additional storeys can be added using Director at Expedition Engineering, the study know: concrete production is not decarbonising
lightweight timber. defines the carbon gap as the difference at the pace required to align with the UK’s
The platform hosts case studies, between projected emissions from concrete net-zero laws. The report clearly demonstrates
policy information and a brand-new production and a Paris-aligned pathway to net that while it is technically and financially viable
viability tool. Built by Mule Studio and zero that is outlined in to accelerate decarbonisation
based on Whitby Wood’s structural the UK government’s back up to pace, this will need
calculations, the tool allows users to easily Industrial Decarbonisation the concrete industry to pull all
and quickly assess which buildings can be Strategy. Focusing the levers at once.’
extended, and by how much, with a figure on the embodied The findings of the report are
for the carbon emissions stored in the carbon of concrete, the also likely to be applicable to
additional floors. study explores several concrete markets beyond the
Supported by network and grant- measures to significantly UK, making it relevant reading
making fund, Built by Nature, and led reduce emissions. for IStructE members across
by engineering consultancy Whitby The analysis identifies the globe.
Wood, the project team in the UK, the the concept of ‘Goldilocks
Netherlands and Spain has brought years pathways’ – viable Download the report at
of experience working on both residential routes to achieving www.theclimategroup.
and o ce-space Optoppen pro ects. net-zero emissions that org/our-work/news/report-
balance current best study-unveils-key-
Access the Optoppen platform at practices with innovative solutions-close-carbon-
www.optoppen.org. technological advances. gap-uk-concrete-
While existing solutions production.

6
January 2025 | thestructuralengineer.org

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18/12/2024 09:35
 Upfront News

Institution news
Institution news IStructE releases critical safety guidance for design of reinforced
IStructE seeks test case concrete transfer slabs
examples for structural A group of structural engineering experts led consistency in the design approaches adopted
safety cases by the Institution of Structural Engineers has for transfer slabs. Industry should be pushing
The Institution is aiming to issue guidance compiled a new guide to help building designers, for designers, contractors and assessors to
for members early in 2025 on structural contractors and assessors better understand the understand the inherent complexities, safety
input into safety cases for higher-risk complexities of transfer slabs. implications, and sustainability issues of adopting
buildings under the Building Safety Design of transfer slabs has been created this construction method.
Act. We wish to include anonymised by AECOM, the IStructE, MPA The Concrete Patrick Hayes, Technical Director at IStructE,
case studies in the guidance and invite Centre, and Imperial College London, with said: ‘At present, there is no industry-wide
members willing to share their experiences technical reviews provided by Buro Happold and guidance for the design of a transfer slab,
in preparing safety case reports, including Simpson TWS. The guide is intended for the especially for punching shear. To do this work
any feedback they have received on their design of new transfer slabs. The assessment of successfully, an engineer needs to have a great
proposals, to get in touch. All information existing slabs is not covered. understanding of the behaviours of concrete,
will be anonymised. It provides guidance on how column shears interact,
concept design, design for disproportionate collapse, and
To share your experiences, please robustness, and suitable construction se uence effects. It s a
contact [email protected]. methods for the assessment complex process.
of punching shear in transfer e ve therefore worked together
slabs. The recommended with industry on this guide to fill
Institution news punching shear assessment a significant knowledge gap in
methods differ significantly the design of reinforced concrete
Opt out of printed copies of
from the methods used in buildings with transfer slabs that has
The Structural Engineer in typical flat slabs. a potentially ma or impact on safety.
your IStructE account Despite being a
The Institution is pleased to now widespread typology, the The guide is free to access
offer members a simple way to opt document suggests that at www.istructe.org/
out of receiving printed copies of The there is currently a lack of resources/guidance/design-of-
Structural Engineer. understanding, robustness and transfer-slabs/.
In response to feedback from members
looking to reduce their carbon footprint, a
new opt-out facility has been created in the Industry news
MyAccount area of the IStructE website. If Entries are open for UK engineering innovation award
you d like to go digital-only, log in to your
account, navigate to Contact preferences The 56th annual MacRobert Award for Dr Alison Vincent CBE FREng, recently
and check the relevant box. If you change UK engineering innovation is open for entries, appointed as Chair of the MacRobert Award
your mind at a later date, you can opt back seeking the best of British engineering innovation judging panel, says: ‘We welcome applications
into print in the same way. for 2025. from all engineering disciplines, companies
The MacRobert Award recognises outstanding of all sizes, to recognises the importance of
Make your choice at engineering innovations developed in the UK engineering innovation in driving economic
www.istructe.org/myaccount. that can demonstrate commercial success and growth and addressing some of the greatest
a tangible benefit to society. The winning team societal challenges.
receives a £50 000 cash prize, the MacRobert Finalists for the award will be announced
Award gold medal, national publicity, and in June 2025, with the winner unveiled at the
an exclusive weekend away at Douneside Academy Awards Dinner in London in July.
House in the heart of the MacRobert estate in
Aberdeenshire. The award is presented and To enter the award, visit https://
run by the Royal Academy of Engineering and macrobertaward.raeng.org.uk/about-
the MacRobert Trust, with support from the the-award/how-to-apply. Entries close on
Worshipful Company of Engineers. Friday 31 January 2025.
Over more than five decades the MacRobert
Award has been remarkably accurate in
ROYAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING

predicting the key innovations that have

transformed the world we live in. The inaugural
winners in 1969 were Rolls-Royce for Pegasus –
the world s first short takeoff and vertical landing
engine, used in the iconic Harrier aircraft – and
Freeman, Fox and Partners for the Severn Bridge,
which heralded a new era of bridge building and
was Grade I listed in 1999.
More recent winners include Jaguar Land
Rover, mini-computer pioneers Raspberry Pi and
structural engineering experts Arup and Buro
 L-R Professor Clive Buckberry demonstrates the
Happold. Google DeepMind was announced
2022 MacRobert Award winning Quanta portable
as the winner of the 2024 MacRobert Award dialysis machine to MacRobert Award Chair of
in July for its pioneering AI weather forecasting Judges Dr Alison Vincent, Science Minister Lord
technology, GraphCast. Vallance and Academy President Dr John Lazar

8
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 Obituary Upfront

Anthony Ray Flint,

1924–2024
OBE, PhD, FREng, FICE, FIStructE

DR TONY FLINT, known to many members

for his pioneering work on steel box-girder
and plated structures, as well as his huge
contribution to the development of limit state
design codes, has died at the age of 100. He
had a life-long mission for delivering a balance
between safety and economy in the world of
civil engineering, which was reflected elo uently
in his lecture and subse uent paper in The
Structural Engineer entitled ‘Matters of Balance’
(Vol. 67, No. 10) when he was awarded the
Institution’s Gold Medal in 1988.
Dr Flint was a man of encyclopaedic
knowledge and recall, and an engineer of
enormous intellect, inspiration and influence. e
attended Bradfield College from 193 to 1941,
where he was a leading light in the Shakespeare
Tony Flint (seated) with the
Society, before studying Aeronautical Engineering former Partners of Flint & Neill
at Farnborough, with a particular interest in the (from left) David MacKenzie,
design of thin-skin frames. He worked on early John Evans, Ian Firth and
Brian Smith
designs for the Vampire et fighter and Brabazon
piston-engine airliner, and he came under the
influential tutelage of Sir Alfred Pugsley, following
him to Bristol niversity to study for his PhD. design and into the realm of reliability-based He was the recipient of many awards,
e later moved to Imperial College ondon as a thinking that now underpins our modern design including the Institution’s Gold Medal, and
Reader in the Department of Civil Engineering. methods. This was pioneering work. received the OBE from the ueen in 19 4. e
His research interests were wide ranging. The bridge collapses triggered the Merrison was invited to become a Fellow of the Royal
Although well known for ground-breaking efforts Committee of In uiry, for which Tony contributed Academy of Engineering in its first years of
in thin-plate buckling, his work also took him into his technical expertise and led the important existence, and his dedication to marrying safety
reliability, probability and structural dynamics. research and development work re uired for and economy in his work on existing structures
While at Imperial, he started taking private improved design rules for steel bridges. This may be best described by his own hand when
commissions from architects, notably James led first to the Interim Design and orkmanship he wrote: ‘It is our policy to approach [structural]
Cubitt and Partners, designing buildings. Rules (IDWR), which had to be produced assessments with the aim of avoiding or
In 1958, he joined forces with Tony Neill to uickly to support the large volume of bridge minimising any changes which can be shown
establish the practice of Flint & Neill, which construction ongoing at the time, and then to to be unnecessary by the use of the best that
became one of the most well-known and widely BS 5400, the first reliability-based bridge design This captures
respected structural engineering consultancies. code in 10 well-considered parts covering all something of the essence of this brilliant but
In this early period, he worked on many aspects of bridge design. Subse uently, this ever-humble engineer.
buildings but retained a keen interest in bridge led to Tony’s leadership on the development of In the twilight of his career, he advised
design. e was a prolific contributor to the several parts of the structural Eurocodes. the Hong Kong Government on the design
development of codes and standards and his Tony’s expertise produced some notable and of the large bridges to the new airport,
research work led to new plate-girder design award-winning building structures, including developing the design of perhaps the world’s
rules in BS 153, which brought him to the ondon s National Theatre with Sir Denys first ma or structural health monitoring system.
attention of the bridge engineering world. asdun and the beautiful otus Temple in New One of his last assignments was investigating
A series of disastrous structural failures over Delhi with ariborz Sahba. But perhaps his the well-publicised wobbles of the ondon
a few years then led to commissions which greatest achievement was the strengthening of Millennium Bridge and helping its designers to
brought him into the limelight. First was the the M4 Severn Bridge in the 19 0s. Coming so find the best solution.
Clyde Transmission Towers in 196 , followed by soon after the tragic collapses of 1970, Tony Tony passed away on 23 October 2024
the Emley Moor guyed mast in 1969, and then and his small team at Flint & Neill developed having just reached his century. As an avid
the infamous steel box-girder bridge collapses at some truly innovative designs and construction cricketer, reaching this milestone was a
Milford Haven and Melbourne, Australia in 1970. procedures to double the capacity of the existing personal satisfaction and great achievement.
Each of these tragedies showed that engineering suspension bridge and the neighbouring cable- He is survived by his wife, Judy, his daughters,
construction had advanced too far ahead of stayed Wye Bridge. The project received the Caroline and iona, and several grandchildren
engineering understanding, and it was Flint who first Supreme Award in the British Construction and great grandchildren.
was summoned to drag engineering practice Industry Awards for the successful completion of
out of the outmoded science of working stress this highly complex engineering challenge. Ian irth and David Mac enzie

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pp09 TSE_January25_Upfront_Tony Flint obituary.indd 9 18/12/2024 16:50

 Upfront President s end-of-year report

Reflections on my residency

A year of collective
engineering with purpose
ways around the world, reminding us of the
power we hold when we come together for the
greater good. This collective effort has sparked
important conversations, influenced practice,
A A E OO and demonstrated the leadership role structural
CEng, FIStructE engineers can play in addressing societal and
2024 President of The Institution of Structural Engineers environmental challenges.

a turin e cellence
odcasts with old Medallists
A call to action turnin This year, I also had the privilege of helping to
As my year as President draws to a close, I ideas into awareness and action launch a podcast series featuring past old
want to take a moment to thank you for your In anuary, I invited you to oin me in a call Medallists of our Institution. My desire here
support and trust in me as President and to action an invitation to address some of was to capture the human characteristics of
reflect on what we ve accomplished together. the pressing challenges and opportunities these extraordinary engineers, not only because
2024 has been a year of knowledge sharing, of our time, to think bigger about the impact it is incredibly interesting and valuable to learn
collaboration and action (Figure 1). of our work, and to consider how each of from, but because I wanted to create e ual
Together, we have continued to strengthen the us could contribute to a better future for all. access for everybody to hear and be inspired
impact and legacy of the Institution, to support The response was extraordinary. Across our by this impactful group of eminent people.
and gain input from membership, to consolidate global membership, engineers committed to These conversations allowed us to capture
our global standing as technically eminent in meaningful actions, from progressing the impact the stories and insight of some of our most
the structural engineering world, and to create of reducing embodied carbon in construction, accomplished members individuals whose
new paths to broaden access and support more to sharing knowledge on technical development work has shaped the world around us in
members through the whole life of their careers. and emerging trends, and championing demonstrably impactful ways.
I feel incredibly privileged to have served in inclusivity for the benefit of people and our It was inspiring to hear them reflect on their
this role and the achievements we celebrate are planet, at scale (Figure 2). early influences and inspiration, the innovations
not mine alone – they are the outcomes of a hat began as an idea to celebrate the they championed, and the lessons they learned.
shared commitment to our profession, its future, positive impact of structural engineering uickly Most surprising for me was the common thread
and the global communities we serve. gained interest and momentum in diverse that, in their own way, they are all explorers,
both in and out of engineering. Curious,
passionate, seekers of new experiences, who
were all looking for ways to do better, be better,
explore another way.
These podcasts have resonated widely, not
ust as a celebration of excellence but as a
source of learning and inspiration for engineers
and others at all stages of their careers. Through
these stories, we ve connected the remarkable
achievements of the past with the ambitions of
the present and the opportunities of the future.
A big thank you to Paul ast, Chris ise, Mike
Cook, Albert illiamson-Taylor, Dame o Da
Silva and ames Ding for their contributions.

Su ortin members and

strengthening connections in the
and lobally
Membership is the essence of our Institution and
with the support of my fellow Board members,
our CEO and deputy CEO, the primary focus
of the year was to visit and hear from as many
RE My presidency has been about bringing our members as possible. This involved travelling
profession together to deliver engineering with purpose extensively across the , from Scotland to

10
January 2025 | thestructuralengineer.org

10 11 25 10 1 /12/2024 10:10
 President’s end-of-year report Upfront

embodied carbon to exploring the potential of

BENJ DAVIES
AI, innovation in methods of construction, and
the journey to net-zero-carbon materials, we’ve
delved into the ways our profession can adapt
and innovate to meet current and impending
future challenges.
These conversations have rea rmed the
critical role of engineers as essential leaders
in creating a safe and better built environment
for all.

Navigating the challenges ahead

As I reflect on this year, I am struck by the
passion and dedication of our profession.
From addressing the complexities of diversity
and equity to navigating the rapidly changing
technological landscape, we have a remarkable
FIGURE 2: I have been privileged to FIGURE 3: The Structural Awards celebrates the ability to adapt, grow and lead. By engaging
spearhead a commitment to action from best of structural engineering around the world, with these challenges head on, we continue to
engineers across the globe highlighting international developments and trends position the Institution as a leader in shaping the
future of structural engineering.
Devon, as well as internationally to India, the rewarding endeavour. Connecting members
USA, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Hong at all stages of their careers, from Chartered Our future depends on
Kong (China) and Australia. status onwards, with those seeking guidance, how we choose to progress
These visits have provided invaluable support or just a sounding board has already Serving as your President has been one of the
opportunities to engage and collaborate with begun to foster meaningful relationships and greatest honours of my career. However, this
our members and partners. By far the most exchange of knowledge. It is heartening to year has not been about one individual – it
common theme was pride for the Institution of see how this initiative has been embraced, has been about the collective strength and
Structural Engineers because of its technical and it has laid the foundation for a culture of vision of an Institution that is deeply committed
standing. This was closely followed by the mentorship that I hope will continue to thrive to shaping a better future and continues to
reputation the Institution has for leading the long after my presidency. lead the way as a technically strong, learned
embodied carbon movement, and its general This programme is not only about community. None of these initiatives would have
progressive stance on climate change. professional growth – it is about building a been possible without the incredible amount of
Equally, these conversations underscored stronger community. By creating opportunities volunteer contributions from the membership,
the shared challenges we face as a profession, for connection and guidance, we ensure that support of the Board, the Chair, and the
whether addressing sustainability, resource the wisdom and experience of one generation Institution s staff. Together, we ve worked to
shortages, or technological transformation. enriches the next, strengthening our profession strengthen the Institution and create events and
While there were diverse opinions and for the future. content to progress our profession.
feedback, it is clear that our members are As I pass the baton to Mohamad Al-Dah, I
deeply committed to the Institution’s mission Leading the way in am filled with optimism for what lies ahead for
and values. These insights have been taken to sustainability and innovation our Institution. The opportunity for structural
heart and will continue to feed into strategies to Throughout this year, sustainability and engineering to step up and have an even more
enhance membership engagement and support. innovation have remained central themes in our visible voice in shaping our built environment
Strengthening our connections is essential work (Figure 4). As structural engineers, we is upon us. As one member humorously
to support all our members, as well as gain are uniquely positioned to lead in addressing suggested to me, ‘If, for one day, every structure
insights and share knowledge and trends from climate change and creating a more sustainable in a city was closed down, people would very
around the world (Figure 3). For example, built environment. From discussions on quickly understand what structural engineers do
coming from a design background myself, I and how essential they are to our world’.
gained valuable new insight and ideas from I’m not suggesting we do this, of course.
visiting universities around the world that are However, it is imperative for us to celebrate
looking at artificial intelligence (AI) in structural and elevate what we do, focus on ensuring we
engineering from very different perspectives. do it with positive impact on the people and
These range from materials optimisation with environment around us, and inspire more people
testing to failure, to increasing construction to join us in keeping our communities safe, and
safety through studies on cognitive decline on creating spaces and places for all of us to thrive.
site, to the future of crane safety. Thank you for your trust, your support, and
It is through these connections that we your commitment to the Institution of Structural
grow stronger, leveraging diverse perspectives Engineers. Together, we have strengthened
to drive innovation and solutions. These connections, inspired change, and laid the
engagements have reinforced the Institution’s groundwork for a brighter future.
role as a global leader, united by shared values
and a common purpose. With thanks

Building a culture of progress and

support through mentorship FIGURE 4: I was fortunate to be able to share our
The pilot mentoring programme called ‘Elevate’ vision at the Australasian Structural Engineering
we initiated this year has been a particularly Conference 2024 in Adelaide

11
thestructuralengineer.org | January 2025

10 11 25 11 1 /12/2024 10:10
 Upfront News

Institution news
Institution election/transfer/reinstatement lists

8 December 2022 Graduate (210) STEELE, John James Ghousson

At a meeting of the Membership GOODFELLOW, Declan Rae
Committee on 8 December Student (975) Incorporated-Member (2) GREIG, Megan Victoria
2022, the following were elected/ BOOTH, David Peter HEYES, Liam James
transferred/reinstated in accordance REINSTATEMENTS GRANGE, Stephen Clive HO, Chun Tat
with the Institution’s Regulations: Member (4) HUEN, Chun Hung
CHENG, Ian Pang Kwan Graduate (1) HUI, Yau Sai
ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS HUNT, Gordon Melvyn Thomas YAQUB, Muhammed Gauher HUTTON, Benjamin
Fellow (3) TUNSTALL, Matthew Daron JANSSENS, Victoria
HIGGINS, Craig ZIN, Soe Moe Student (1) JONES, Robert
LAMB, Richard Henry DICKSON, James Park KAM, Wing Shan
NICOLIN, Rossella Graduate (24) KEMP, Jennifer
KINNING, Stephen
Member (24) RESIGNATIONS 16 March 2023 KONG, Siu Hang
BURLING, Henry The Membership Committee has At a meeting of the Membership KRYGER, Ewa Maria
CHAN, Chun Lam accepted, with regret, the following Committee on 16 March 2023, the KWOK, Man Ho
CHAN, Natalie resignations: following were elected/transferred/ KWONG, Shing Fai
CHAN, Wai On Lawrence reinstated in accordance with the LAI, Tsun Tat
CHANG, Lok Ting Fellow (1) Institution’s Regulations: LAU, ka yu
CHEUNG, King Wang NELSON, Nicholas Patrick LEE, Yi
CHEUNG, On Kai ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS LEE, Yong Wei
CHING, Hoi Fung Member (7) Fellow (9) LEE, Yung Pan
CHUI, Man Hin BOSELEY, Brian John CAMPBELL, Richard LEMANOWICZ, Maciej
CHUNG, Fuk Chun BURTON, Kenneth GARDNER, Andrew James LI, Yang
HA, Ching Nip CAIRNS, John ISAAC, Philip Michael LINGESWARAN, Nareshkumar
HO, Chi Hang GARRISON, Philip Mark JOBBINS, Simon Henry LO, Ho Man Bernie
KHAN, Sheraz HOLROYD, John LEE, Zi Du LOW, Chun Kiat
KWOK, Yu Tung MATTOCKS, Richard Crito MCCAFFREY, Declan Charles MARO, Andrew Zawadi
LAM, Yu Fung MOCK RODRIGUES, Ricardo PATEL, Jayesh MCCLOSKEY, Niamh Catherine
LIN, Wensang Arturo RANKINE, Gordon Alexander MEDEK, Akos Vince
MACHNEE, Peter MULLINS, Paul MORGAN, Rhys
SO, Man Lui Graduate (2) MORRIS, Alan Patrick Christopher
TANG, Yuen Kiu Member (99) MOUNTER, Robert
TO, Tze Wei DEATHS ABBAS, Syed Muhammad Ali MUNRO, Jamie
WAN, Kwok Wing The deaths of the following are ADESANYA, Tayo NEYLON, Finnbar Daniel
XIE, Zichao reported with regret: BAKAS, Iasonas NUNZIATINI, Gioele
ZHANG, Wenjun BEBBINGTON, Carl Craig PALMER, Adam William
Fellow (15) BERRY, Simon Jacob PASCON, Tommaso
Member (Chartered Member ABERNETHY, Ian BOUSTEAD, Hollie PATCH, Alexander James
MRA) (1) FINNEGAN, Francis Martin BROWNING, Florence PELLOW, Edward Mark
CHU, Shing Shun HALE, Malcolm Philip BUDA, Vasile PILPILIDOU, Antonia
HARVEY, David Muir BYTNAR, Piotr Roman PROCTER, Benjamin William
Member (Chartered Member HARVEY, William John CAHILL, Kieran QUEVEDO PORRINO, Anibal
– Singapore Supplementary HEATON, Henry CARE , Steffan Alan Franco
Exam) (11) LAING, John Cranston CHAK SHING, Lee REINBACH, Robert Harry
JENG, Lee Chong OAC , Douglas Clifford CHAN, Chi Ching ROBERTS, Andrew John
KANG, Vance Yi Shu MCKELVIE, Douglas John CHAN, Ming Chi SAI MUI, Lau
KIT, Phuah Fu MOORE, Stanley George CHENG, Kwan Ling SANDERSON, Robert
LEW, Chun Keong MORTON, Eric John CHEONG, Darius Huang Wei SANTOS, Craig
LUO, Farong SHERIFF, Donald CHEUNG, Siu Hin SARODE, Rohit V
MAUNG, Nay Li SUTHERLAND, John Menzies CHEUNG, Yau Fung SELLAVEL, Thakshayani
NGUYEN, Hong Tam WHITE, Keith Christopher CHOWDHURY, Md Tufael Ahmed SHARIFI, Faisal
NGUYEN, The Quang CHONG KWAN, Alexander SHEVYN, Daniel Ashton
POIRRIEZ, Catherine Member (10) CLIFTON, Joseph SMITH, Hannah Mary Jean
TAN, Swee Hong ARCHER, John Bartley COLE , Daniel STEVENSON, Rosie Louise
YAP, Chern Lim Kenneth COKER, David Edward COLLIER, Sophie THOMPSON, David
DENSON, Francis Ronald CONLEY, Stuart James TOURAMANI DOURAMANI, Afroditi
Associate (1) HASWELL, John Frederick Stephen COOK, Edward TSANG, King Chun
WONG, Tommy HIBBERT, Norman Trevor CURTIS, Daniel Lee UBELE, Judite
MATTOCK, Anthony Frederick DAL FITTO, Clementine WILKINSON, Spencer
Technician (2) George EDWARDS, Ivor WILLIAMSON, David Theodore
CLARKE, Dillon MULHERKAR, Sharad Shankar FREIRE DE CARVALHO, Lilia Kazimierz
KUMAR, Sunil NASH, Richard Julian FYFIELD, Alun WISE, Ewan Henry
OLDCORN, John GHOUSSON AL LAKOUD, WONG, Ka Shing

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 News Upfront

WONG, Yau Chun Member (7) HEADLEY, Martyn DEATHS

WONG, Yuling Gloria CHENG, Chun Wah HILTON, John The deaths of the following are
YIU, Shing Lit Nicky LEUNG, David HO, Shiu Fai reported with regret:
YOUNGMAN, Leo LO, Wai Ming HOLDEN, Derek
ZHOU, Wendy NASH, Richard Julian HOLLOWAY, David Grant Fellow (3)
ZHU, Jianlin SHEPHERD, Gareth Michael HOLROYD, Moira Teresa MOTT, John Charles Spencer
ZIAK, Lukas WONG, Heung Man JONES, Trevor Peter SHADBOLT, Kenneth Frederick
YUE, Zhong LAITHWAITE, Thomas James Henry SINGH, Harbhajan
Member (Chartered Member LEE, Lok Sang
Further Learning) (13) Incorporated-Member (1) LIE, Seng Tjhen Member (18)
CHEUNG, Tin Shun BOOTH, David Peter LUI, Siu Kuen BIGG, Leonard Robert
CUNLIFFE, Joel LUNN, Dominic James BOWEN, Hugh Derick
GOODBURN, Adam Kevin Graduate (29) MAYHEW, Anthony John CHAMBERS, John Arthur
HEWITT, Anya MCBRIDE, John COVENTRY, Lawrence Samuel
LAW, Tak Wai RESIGNATIONS MCKAY, David Neil DARROCH, Neil Richard
LEUNG, Chin Hei The Membership Committee has MCLAREN, David Charles Neil DOBSON, James Francis
MAK, Ching Fung Justin accepted, with regret, the following MILLER, Garry Leigh GETTINS, Howard James
MAK, Chun Hung resignations: MORRISON, Alan John HODKINSON, Barry
MCCLUSKEY, John-Paul NASIM, Syed Mohammed JONES, Brian Malcolm
PATTON, Ian Fellow (17) NGOK, Lau Yuen JUCHAU, Robert Alfred
READ, Iwona Alicja BOLGAR, Jonathan Hubert ODHAV, Jayantilal Chhita KINDRED, Peter John
SCHERF, Oras FARMER, Arthur George PANG, Pui Loi Richard MA S, eoffrey Charles
TSOI, Nam Kuen FRENCH, John Frederick PAUL, Robert James MILLS, Richard Thomas
HOLDEN, John RAHA, Jogabrata PETERSEN, Henning Braendgaard
Member (Chartered Member KARUNARATNE, Singappuli RAJARATNAM, Christopher REEVES, Barry Thomas
MRA) (11) Arachchige Indrajith ROBSON, Keith
BARLOW, John LAIDLAW, Robert Keith SCHOFIELD, Nigel David SILVESTER, John Alfred
CLERY, Padraig LICKISS, David Alan SILLETT, Donald Frank UPTON, David John
DOWNS, Ryan MAY, Ian Melville TAYLOR, Hugh Anthony
ERENTZ, Helen Susan PITCHERS, John TAYLOR, John Neville Incorporated-Member (1)
FUNG, Man Kwan PRESDEE, John William TAYLOR, Michael Leonard CHAN, Lak Fu
HALES-HILL, Andrew James PURVIS, John George VILCINSKAS, Aleksandras
ROBERTS, Elaine Frances SELF, Christopher WARD, Ian Douglas Graduate (2)
ROBERTSON, Liam SMITH, John Reginald WARRINER, Glenn Douglas MARTIN, eoffrey alter
WONG, Kam Tin THIRLWALL, Timothy John WATSON, David Michael O’KEEFFE, Simon John
XU, Zhuogen T AITES, Ronald eoffrey WILLIAMS, Phillip
YUEN, Yat Chung Dennis WAUD, Anthony Albert Richard WILSON, Leo William
WILLBOURNE, John WONG, Nai Tai Patrick 22 June 2023
Member (Chartered Member WOOD, Terence Frederick At a meeting of the Membership
IM to CM) (4) Member (65) WOOLLETT, John Committee on 22 June 2023, the
BAMSEY, Timothy ADEGBITE, Christopher Babatunde YEUNG, Kai Man David following were elected/transferred/
MCKENNA, Darren Matthew ADKINS, Austin ZIRMER, Robert Mcginness reinstated in accordance with the
PHILLIPS, James ALLAN, David Andrew Institution’s Regulations:
ROWLEY, Michael Joseph ALLAN, Henry Incorporated-Member (11)
BELL, Graeme John BARON, Michael John ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS
Member (Research and BLAKE, Peter John BARRETT, Paul Anthony Fellow (17)
Development) (1) BLANCHARD, Brian Peter DENSLEY, Roger Edward ABI SAAB, Iman
ZAFARI, Behrouz BROWN, Louisa HANEEF, Neville Bernard BESFORD, Ian Matthew
BUSSEY, Michael Howard HARPER, Denis John BHOITE, Abhijit
Incorporated-Member (2) CARR, Hubert LENOX, Philip Alan COLLIE, Helen
ANDERSON, Colin CARTER, Steven John LUCZAK, Henry DE JESUS, Sabina
KELLY, Martin CASBO T, eoffrey Charles MCCARTHY, Vincent George EVANS, Matthew Michael
CAVE, Roger Beverley RATCLIFFE, Peter David FANE, Paul
Graduate (236) CHUNG, Hak Kong RIGBY, Barry Robert FERNANDEZ, Christopher John
COOK, John Philip WEIR, Ian JAJICH, Dmitri
Student (989) DALEY, Michael KAMINSKI, Sebastian Roman
ELLIOTT, Michael Richard Technician (2) LEALAN, Graham Derek
REINSTATEMENTS ELLIS, Peter MABBITT, Michelle Claire PEGRAM, Gerard Francis
Fellow (4) EMMS, Thomas Allen TROJAK, Balazs RICHES, Colin George
CORCORAN, Timothy FOX, Peter Henry RUDDY, John Edward
RICHARDSON, Clive GIBBS, Alan Anthony Graduate (54) SUNKUR, Sateamsing
SCOTT, David HARDIE, Neil Morrison WEEDEN, Robert Steven
WONG, Kam-Cheong Stanley HART, Raymond Student (2) WILSON, Brian Andrew
HAYNES, David Roger

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 Upfront News

Member (43) WALKER, Joseph Student (1) JONES, Ian Ronald

AMRANIA, Sahil YEUNG, Chiu San Ronald MCKINNON, Neil Alexander
ANG, Man Lung RESIGNATIONS SEABURY, Neville William
ARNOLD, Katy Member (Research and The Membership Committee has SELF, Kenneth John
BARNES, Lauren Development) (4) accepted, with regret, the following STONE, Peter William
BOSTOCK, Kathryn Michelle BATIKHA, Mustafa resignations:
CAHILL, Cashel HAWKINS, William John Associate (1)
CANDY , Chris OZCELIK, Ahmed Yigit Fellow (7) SAUNDERSON, Robin
CHAN, Yuen Chu WANG, Jie AITKEN, Richard Hammond
CHENG, Chak On BROWN, David John Graduate (27)
CONVERY, Euan Incorporated-Member (1) EDWARDS, John Joseph
COWELL, Joseph PENDER Liam Michael ELLIS, Peter DEATHS
DASSOULI, Kamil HEWITT, John Russell The deaths of the following are
DEL RIO, Javier Associate (7) NAYLOR, Gerald Wilfrid reported with regret:
ELEZI, Rediel ARCOLINI, Marco NEKOO, Rustom Kerikhusroo
FENNING, Thomas HALLEN, Jesse Fellow (5)
FRY, Matthew James SECILLANO, Emery Member (39) DOWLING, Patrick Joseph
GARDNER, William WALSH, Patrick AHMED, Abdul-Hamid ARDIN , eoffrey Thomas
HOGAN, Thomas Rory WOOD, Andrew BAKER, Richard John MARSHALL, David Francis
HUANG, Zhiling YEUNG, Muk Tin BARNETT, Keith Alan ROBERTS, eoffrey Russell
IKOTUN, Daniel Olatunde YEE, Colin BLACKBURN, Ian SMITH, Anthony Henry
INGMAN, Daniel CABLE, Christopher James
JAMES, Jacob Christopher Technician (2) DANDO, Kim Nigel Member (14)
JOHN, Peter ANKANI, Sriramaraju DANN, Michael Anthony BENTE, Laval Mortimer
MOHAMMAD, Aijaz Hussain OSBORN, Adam DUKE, Frederick James BROWN, Ian Grahamslaw
MORGAN, George Peter EARNEY, Stuart Gerald CRADDOCK, Anthony
PALASOPOULOS, Marios Graduate (333) ENTWISTLE, Alan Matthew FEERICK, John Michael
PEI, Yifei EVANS, Robert John GODFREY, John Douglas
ROGERS, Samuel Howard Student (872) FENNELL, Christopher Mark HAINES, Warwick Clive
SHEPHERD, Ian FISHER, Anthony Duncan HUNT, Herbert Arthur
THAPA, Sonam REINSTATEMENTS FOULK, Glenn Martyn MORRIS, John Michael
THURGATE, Benjamin Fellow (1) GARDNER, Philip John O’FLAHERTY, James Anthony
TRUSHIN, Sergei SUR, Satchidananda GARWOOD, Derek James PUGH, David Leslie
TSERANIDIS, Stavros GOSLING, John TAYLOR, Roger Standring
URQUHART, Alexander Member (23) GREY, John Francis TONGE, Brian Yardley
VYSE, Joshua James ABDELMAGEED, Salah Eldin Ali A , effrey Vincent WILLIAMS, Ronald Joseph
WELLS, Daniel AFSHAN, Sheida HAWKINS, Lawrence John YOHEANN-ROBERTS, Clive
WEST, James CHAN, Chun Ting Franco HEARN, Jonathan George Alfonso
WONG, Chi Yan DELANEY, Ronan Jarlath HINE, John Stephen
WONG, Tin Long DOUGLAS, Anthony Keith HODGSON, Michael Associate (1)
XU, Tianyi EUSTACE, Declan John JEREMIAH, Keith Bernard Christian PIDGEON, John Terry
YEUNG, Muk Tin GIBSON, Reuben James JETHWA, Anilkumar Damji
YIU, Tsun Wo GRACE, Wilfred Gordon KAPLINSKY, Simon Savel
ZHOU, Jiahao HOLMES, Stephen James LEUNG, Man Fat Peter
HONGLEI, Wu LUMB, Benjamin Charles 5 October 2023
Member (Chartered Member LEWIS, Eric Anthony LYONS, James Joseph At a meeting of the Membership
Further Learning) (2) LI, Chong MARQUEZ , Albeiro Alfonso Committee on 5 October 2023, the
PANG, Chi Kin MAK, Man Sun MATTHEWS, Paul Robert following were elected/transferred/
TO, Chung Wah MORRISON, Alan John PATRICK, Ian reinstated in accordance with the
NG, Wing Yiu RAWLINGS, Albert Edward Wayne Institution’s Regulations:
Member (Chartered Member NGAI, Chun Cheong Matthew SAMARTH, Rajesh
MRA) (14) O’CONNELL, Aiden SHARPE, Robert Alexander ELECTIONS AND TRANSFERS
BLICBLAU, Michael TROTT, Christopher Noel SIVAGNANASUNDARAM, Fellow (21)
HAYSOM, William TSAVDARIDIS, Konstantinos Daniel Markandu BEARMAN, David Anthony
HO, Yan Hang WANG, Chunguang THOMSON, Keith Bryson BUXTON, Stewart
JAVED, Saqib WITTERICK, Michael WHARF, Douglas Donald CAPRANI, Colin Christopher
JUDGE, Stephen Kennedy ZHANG, Zheng WILLIAMS, Steven CARTWRIGHT, Matthew
LAU, Tsz Hing ZHAO, Xin CASAGRANDE, Paola
LIN, Wei Xian Incorporated-Member (10) CHURCH, Alison Linda
OSBORNE, Kelsey Thomas John Incorporated-Member (1) BARRY, John Joseph CORBETT, Paul William
OWEN, Paul Martin BADCOCK, Mark BLOWERS, Garry Paul DEVITT, Sara Kirsten
SIMPSON, Benjamin DENT, David George Michael GAIR, Cameron Borthwick
SUEN, Wai Ping Graduate (30) HUNTER, David Allen RIM ADE, Tiffany abrielle
TRINH, Quang JOHNSON, Paul Arthur GU, Gunmo

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 News Upfront

HSIEH, Ying-Ching Member (Chartered Member EGBE, Prince Idanemugo Technician (1)
LEWIS, Ben Further Learning) (15) ERDOGDU, Mert Mustafa HILTON, James
MARLOW, Elisabeth Catherine BAUOMY, Akram Fouad FLETCHER, Hamish Donald
MILLS, Caroline Louise CHAN, Ka Hei Thomas Graduate (277)
REYNOLDS, Andrea Kathleen CHAN, Kong Ki FRAINE, William
SAMA, Srinivas CHAU, Kimmy Ka Ki FROST, Patrick John Student (576)
SIEN, Hay Wah Michael DEMBRY, Tom FURMSTON, Mark Andrew
TULLY, Richard IKIN, Jamie GIRLING, David John REINSTATEMENTS
TURPIN, Malcolm Douglas KAN, Kwok Man John GRAY, Samuel Member (9)
WONG, David Pak Sang KONG, Pok Man GULIGA, Nicusor CHAN, Cheuk Ming
LAKE, Kelvin John GURNEY, Richard Anthony Francis DALY, James Francis
Member (49) LAM, Chin Ho HAMBLING, Max FAULKNER, Howard William
AU, Wai Man LAM, Tsz Yan HANNIGAN, Katherine FERRIS, Robert Stephen
BALTZOPOULOS, Demetrios LEE, Ka Man HAZELL, Max LOK, Sang Lee
BOTH, Alexandru Stefan LO, Cheuk Yin HO, Kwing Lok Rod SMITH, Joseph
BUDGE, Daniel Richard LUI, Cheuk Him HO, Pui Chung SPARLING, Daniel Thomas
CAUSER, Craig MANDAL, Dharmendu HUNG, Sing Yi TO, Moon Tong
CHAN, Chau Wong INGRAM, Grant WONG, Chi Hung
CHAN, Mei Ching Member (Incorporated-Member KARAKOULLIS, Nicholas Jason
CHAN, Pak Him Bridging Route) (2) KHAN, Haris Mohammed Graduate (40)
CHENG, WAI LIM WILLIAM CHAPPELL, Matthew KIRAN, K M
CHEUNG, Hok Kan POWELL, Jack KOMALAVALLY, Shalini Madhu Student (1)
CHEUNG, Yu Tat KRISHNAMURTHY, Kumaran
CHIU, Wing Shan Member (Chartered Member KUROKAWA, Issei RESIGNATIONS
EPITA KADUWA GAMAGE, Yamuna MRA) (7) LARGAIOLLI, Federica The Membership Committee
Kanthi ARBUTHNOTT, Edmund LAW, Shing Cheong has accepted, with regret, the
GOCK, Ka Chun Alan CHEUNG, Hok Kun LAZAROU, Stavros following resignations:
HUGHES, Conor LO, Leong Hin LYNN, Ciaran
INBARAJ HEPZHIBAI, Peter MARTIN HERRERO, Ester MAIN, Samuel Fellow (7)
JERRY, Thomas SANKARAN, Mahesh MARGRAVE-JONES, Samuel Rhys ADAMS, Alfrico Deloy
KAO, Kwan WALSH, Dwain MARTINEZ, Jonny Alexander BROHN, David Malcolm
KARUVATTIL, Sajeeb ZENG, Yu MILEHAM, Scott Andrew Sexton DORBER, Peter Alan
KEI, Ho Pang MODASIA, Jayan JACKSON, Edward John
KONG, Ka Chun Member (Research and MOORE, Sebastian Giles PATES, John Henry
KOREN, Matthew Josef Development) (2) MUHAMMAD, Zandy SO, Yau Chi
KRUZ, Mary Sornarani AUGUSTHUS NELSON, NABI, Hussain TOWNSEND, Gerald Hughes
KWOK, Tsz Hin Levingshan NGUYEN, Michael
LAI, Chun Ngai KECHIDI, Smail NIXON, Henry Oliver Member (3)
LEE, Anthony Chak Fung NYAGOLOVA, Yordanka CATHCART, John Pringle
LEUNG, Ka Yu Incorporated-Member (4) PARRY, Alexander PILCHER, Barry
LEUNG , Tsz Lok EVANS, Nigel PETKUNE, Natalja POLLARD, David
LI, Yuyang GILLIES, James Richard REHMAN, Abdul
LIANG, Kyle OWENS, David Edward ROTHWELL, Conor Peter Gingles Graduate (18)
MA, Hin Fung SMITH, Aaron Luke SAVILLE, Mark
MATEJKO, Grzegorz SEKANINA, David DEATHS
MCCONVILLE, Shaun Associate (Standard) (74) SHETTY KONDADI, Hamsaraj The deaths of the following are
MCLEAN, Caroline Irene AHMAD, Abdul Fateh SMIT, Talita reported with regret:
NG, Tik San AL-KWATLY AYUSO, Ismael SNOOK, Harry Paul
PEET, Samuel Richard ASHRAF, Haroon SO, Ka Man Fellow (5)
RAJAMPETA, Bhanu Kumar ASIF, Rizwan Saeed STANCHEV, Hristo Hristov BLACKBURN, Keith Chalkley
READING, Jimmy AUGER, Samuel Henry Ross THEONAS, Apostolos FOOT, Royston Eric
RUTHERFORD, James BARNISKYTE, Ieva THIERS MOGGIA, Rodrigo HUGHES, Barry Peter
SREENATH, N D BELL, Thomas Roger TONG, Chun Kit HARYOTT, Richard Baskcomb
TRUEMAN, Samuel BLACKIE, Andrew Robert WEST, Matthew James MACLEOD, Iain Alasdair
UNG, Hoi-Leng BONCIO, Simone WIERZCHOWSKI, Przemyslaw
WAN, Yiu Ho BROWN, Thomas WOOD, David Anthony Member (1)
WONG, Cho Chun BUCHAN, Gordon WOOD, James Michael George RIVETT, John Martin
YANG, Shijia CHAN, Ngai ZHU, Lin
YEUNG, Chong Kuen CHAN, Wai To Incorporated-Member (1)
YU, Ji Tung CHAU, Hiu Fung Kelvin Associate (International SCOUGALL, John
YUEN, Hon Lam DE ANDRADE, Paulo Geovane Agreement) (3)
ZHAO, Peng DE GOUVEIA DE GOUVEIA, CHAN, Cho Yiu
Gilberto MAYET, Azhar
DI CORTE, Roberta WAN CHOW WAH, Kevin

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 Feature Midland Counties Regional Group centenary

One hundred years of

progress: Midland Counties
Regional Group centenary
Authored by the Midland Counties Regional Group Committee

Introduction of food and dancing to a small band.

As the IStructE Midlands Counties As times changed, so did our events.
Regional Group (formerly Midland By the 1990s, the dinner/dance
Counties Branch) reaches the end format was going out of fashion, and
of its 2024 centenary celebrations, numbers were dwindling. We adapted
the Committee would like to use the by introducing an evening dinner with
occasion to reflect on the remarkable a speaker. Initially, the audience was
ourney we ve been on, the significant mainly white males, and a comedian
changes we’ve witnessed, and the was standard. But today, we celebrate
proud achievements we’ve collectively our diverse membership, and our
made over the past 100 years. As we speakers in recent years have included
continue to evolve, this is a perfect Eddie the Eagle Edwards, Rob Bell,
opportunity to rea rm our future and Professor Alice Roberts.
aspirations for the Institution in the
Midland Counties, building on our rich Group activities
historical legacy. The regional group has had a
young members group since 1934,
Beginnings although it has not run in a few
In 1924, the UK saw the election of intervening years. However, in recent
the first abour Party Prime Minister, years, the group has been quite
Ramsay MacDonald; in sport, it was the strong, holding meetings at various
year of the 1924 Paris Olympics, which universities in the West Midlands.
saw victories for Harold Abrahams and Only 20 years ago, universities in the
Eric iddle, an event that would later area included Aston, Birmingham,
be immortalised in the film Chariots Warwick, and Coventry. This number
of Fire’. At the Technical College in has been boosted in recent years with
Wednesbury, West Midlands, the the addition of Wolverhampton and
formation of the Midland Counties Birmingham City universities.
Regional Group took place on 22 Since 2010, the Midland Counties
November 1924, with IStructE President  FIGURE 1: On 28 September 1928, the group Regional Group Committee has
Ma or ames Petrie OBE explaining to made a site visit to the (now demolished) Hams Hall supported the residential summer
those present that the Midlands are a coal-fired power stations in arwicks ire school on structural engineering, which
stronghold of structural engineering’. is organised at Coventry University in
From humble beginnings, the group partnership with the charity, Smallpeice
has grown into a thriving community. Although the first meeting was Trust. Over 600 students aged 16 1
After petitioning the IStructE Council for held in Wednesbury, meetings soon have participated from across the
permission to form a regional group, a moved to Birmingham, where, in . Participants learn about applied
small committee was set up, with Mr 1933, the James Watt Memorial statics, mechanics, structural forms,
. Telford becoming the first chairman Institute in Colmore Row became concepts and material behaviour. The
and Mr E. Cotterell the first vice- the meeting point for all engineering summer school provides participating
chairman. The group, encompassing the associations having their headquarters students with a uni ue experience and
counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire, in Birmingham. Early activities included helps the students discover structural
Staffordshire, orcestershire, a site visit to ams all Power Station in engineering fundamentals in a fun and
arwickshire, eicestershire, Derbyshire, Warwickshire (Figure 1). competitive atmosphere. Students use
Nottinghamshire, Northamptonshire and The Midland Counties Regional Group the fundamental theory they learn in the
Rutland, started with just 83 members. has always been a place of inclusivity course to work in groups to develop
owever, within the first two years, our and diversity. The first Annual Dinner, structural concepts and ultimately
numbers rose to 246; today, we proudly held in ebruary 192 , was a social build bridge models which are tested
stand at over 1000 members in the West event where members brought their and judged by panellists drawn from
Midlands area alone. partners and guests for an evening the Committee and external experts.

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 Midland Counties Regional Group centenary Feature

MAJOR PETRIE’S STATEMENT ABOUT

THE PROMINENCE OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE ACROSS
THESE COUNTIES STILL HOLDS
TODAY. THE MIDLANDS HAS A
HISTORY AS A POWERHOUSE OF
ENGINEERING INNOVATION ACROSS
MANY DISCIPLINES, AND OUR
REGIONAL GROUPS AIM TO ENSURE
THIS CONTINUES
MAHESH SANKARAN, CHAIR,
MIDLAND COUNTIES REGIONAL GROUP

the visits of high-profile speakers at

technical meetings have been held by
the Midland Counties Chair, who has
also taken on the role of organising
the Annual Dinner. In addition, the
Committee and its membership
of volunteering supporters have
successfully held a concept design
course, of eight weeks’ duration,
combined with a mock examination
on an annual basis for candidates
wishing to sit the IStructE Chartered
Membership Exam.

Evolving over time

The Midland Counties Regional Group  FIGURE 3: The late Bob Fisher was
has seen significant improvements over Midland Counties Regional Group Chair
the past two decades. After 85 years, in 1982–83
Susan Giahi-Broadbent was elected
the first female Chair, holding o ce in
2010 (Figure 2). Furthermore, in recent no longer makes trips to the bank to
years, the membership, Committee, deposit cheques and does not need to
and audiences at technical meetings issue invoices.
have seen increased participation by Although virtual communications
female professional engineers, which is have been successfully implemented
 FIGURE 2: The diversity of the group has grown since also to be welcomed. within the regional activities, the Midland
usan ia i- roadbent became t e first female c air in 20 0 The global pandemic that erupted in Counties Regional Group Committee
2020 restricted face-to-face activities in has always appreciated the benefits
the UK, and many people worked from of socialising within the engineering
Over 90% of the participants surveyed home. Appreciating the importance of community. The Committee was
indicated that they had become more the continued professional development cautious that socialising should not be
interested in engineering as a result of of the engineering community, the missed, particularly for young engineers,
having participated in the course. Midland Counties Regional Group who get valuable opportunities to meet
Apart from short times during the organised virtual technical events where senior professionals during technical
summer holiday, regular monthly possible. Committee members also met meetings. For this reason, over the past
technical meetings are held in online to organise these events. two years, the group has organised
Birmingham throughout the year. Many The biggest change to the almost all its technical meetings as
high-calibre CPD lectures to well- group in recent years is using hybrid events (face-to-face and through
attended audiences have been given online communications. This has virtual platforms) and will continue to do
by invited specialist speakers on a wide dramatically reduced the postage so in the future. The Committee believes
range of topics relevant to the structural costs and administration time for the that the hybrid events are beneficial
engineering profession. For some time secretarial post on the Committee. as it has witnessed higher overall and
now, the responsibilities for identifying The use of Eventbrite for ticketing broader attendance.
and making the arrangements for services has meant that the treasurer The group holds an annual Bob

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 Feature Midland Counties Regional Group centenary

Fisher Memorial Lecture. This event

was instigated by the Committee
immediately following Bob’s death in
1989 (Figure 3). Since 2003, the Bob
Fisher Prize has been awarded to a
candidate who lives in the geographical
area of the Midland Counties Regional
Group and passes the Institution’s
Chartered Membership Exam with the
highest marks in that year. The prize
is formally presented to the winner
following the Memorial Lecture by Bob’s  FIGURE 4: Prof. Leslie Clark (r), a future IStructE President  FIGURE 5: Professor Nolan delivered his
widow, May. (1999) and past Chair of the Midland Counties Regional President’s Inaugural Address at Institution
Group, with 1996 IStructE President Brian Clancy (l) and 1996 HQ in 2012
Notable members Regional Group Chair Tony Strong
Members of the Midland Counties
Regional Group play an active role in, and Supplier Recognition Scheme for the
help shape the affairs of, the Institution, of the Institution in 2012, having 2012 London Olympic Games, which
including providing two past-presidents. previously served as Chair of the Midland lifted the prohibition on construction
Emeritus Professor Leslie Clark Counties Regional Group Committee. He industry suppliers promoting their
(OBE, FIStructE; Figure 4) was also served as Chair of the Construction contribution to the highly successful
President of the Institution in 1998–99. Industry Council. He received the CBE games. He is also a visiting Professor in
He retired as Head of School and for services to structural engineering the Department of Civil Engineering at
Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Estates and and the construction industry and was Birmingham University.
Infrastructure at the University of a key figure behind the launch of the
Birmingham in 2009 and became Reaching 100
Chairman of the Certification The Midland Counties Regional Group
Authority for Reinforcing Steels (CARES) held its centenary dinner and celebrated
in 2010. its Structural Awards at Birmingham
Emeritus Professor Toby Mottram
(FIStructE) received the Institution’s IT WAS A WONDERFUL Library on 6 November (Figure 6).
The event was a grand success as it
Service Award in 2011 for his much OCCASION WHICH WE WILL brought together professionals from the
valued and extensive support to the
Midland Counties Regional Group over
CHERISH FOR MANY YEARS built environment to celebrate award-
winning projects and people across the
a period of many years. He previously TO COME region. It also provided great networking
served as the Midland Counties Chair MAHESH SANKARAN, CHAIR, opportunities. The highlight of the event
in 2010. was the magic show during dinner by
Professor John Nolan (CBE, MIDLAND COUNTIES REGIONAL William Poliet, followed by a guest talk
FIStructE; Figure 5) served as President GROUP by comedian David Bryon.

 FIGURE 6: Midland Counties Regional Group celebrates centenary with IStructE President Tanya de Hoog and Chief Executive Yasmin Becker

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 Structural Engineers Declare Climate action

Structural Engineers Declare:

collectively making an impact
Structural engineers have taken tangible steps towards a sustainable built environment, but accelerated
progress is needed in the year ahead, argue Diego Padilla-Philipps, Gary Elliott and Rosie Camburn, to
meet the scale of the crises the world faces.

The 2024 UK Structural Engineers a second-hand market for various barrier is the gap in knowledge and
Declare summit, held in October, building materials. creative problem-solving within the
brought together industry leaders, One of the most hopeful themes industry. Structural engineers often
engineers and advocates to from the summit was the evidence of feel constrained by the status quo
address the urgent climate and tangible shifts in industry practices, or hesitant to push for innovative
biodiversity crises, highlighting the from counting embodied carbon solutions that might disrupt it.
role of structural engineers in steering to increasingly using recycled and Furthermore, although the market is
the industry towards a sustainable, reclaimed materials. This gradual shift shifting, regulatory and industry-wide
regenerative future. shows the power of collective action changes are needed to incentivise
Speakers included architect and hints at what can be achieved with regenerative practices fully.
and environmental activist Duncan continued commitment.
Baker Brown, who highlighted the Engineers do indeed have the power Focus for 2025 and beyond
need for designs that contribute to make a substantial difference if Looking ahead to 2025, we urge
proactively to environmental restoration we are dedicated to driving change. structural engineers to prioritise
in response to the climate and Even small steps – like choosing a few critical areas.
ecological emergency, while Dr Mike materials with lower carbon footprints First, adopting net-zero-carbon
Bather of the University of Liverpool or reducing biodiversity loss in minor practices must become the norm
delved into the ethical dimension of ways – can cumulatively make a across all projects, not just ambitious
engineering, reminding attendees meaningful impact. or high-profile ones. Engineers should
that our decisions have far-reaching continue expanding the reuse of
impacts on global communities Challenges ahead existing materials, developing new
affected by climate breakdown. But despite the progress, significant ways to reduce the embodied carbon
A panel on new career pathways challenges remain. Progress is still in structures, and encouraging
emphasised the growing demand happening too slowly to meet the clients to retain and upgrade existing
for engineers with expertise in scale of the crises we face. One key buildings whenever possible, rather
sustainability, demonstrating than demolishing them.
how structural engineers are Furthermore, engineers must
increasingly viewed as leaders in the enhance our influence with clients,
environmental movement. colleagues and stakeholders about
We also learned about new
developments in low-carbon
ADOPTING the impact of design choices on the
environment. Engineers are not just
concrete, the truth about sand and NET-ZERO-CARBON problem-solvers but also advocates for
its ecological and societal impact, PRACTICES MUST change. As such, we can push for the
as well as a case study for the reuse
of timber. This was followed by a
BECOME THE NORM integration of sustainable practices at
every stage of the project life cycle.
session on practical solutions to ACROSS ALL PROJECTS
foster regenerative design, and how Finally
artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming We encourage all structural
decision-making in biodiversity. engineers to join the declaration
Watch the presentations and support the initiative. Please let
Reasons for hope If you d like to nd out more
us know how you can contribute at
Many attendees are already [email protected].
about the discussions at the
measuring embodied carbon on
2024 summit, you can watch the
most of their projects, but the
presentations on the IStructE
consensus was that there is room to
website at www.istructe.org/
go further. For instance, there is now a Diego Padilla-Philipps, Gary Elliott and
resources/training/structural-
greater emphasis on reusing materials Rosie Camburn are co-chairs of UK
engineers-declare-summit-2024/.
where possible – using second-hand Structural Engineers Declare
steel, reusing stone, and creating (www.structuralengineersdeclare.com).

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 Climate action Questioning the brief

Case study

A project reimagined:
the questions I wished I
had asked
Having attended the Institution’s ‘Net-zero structural design’ course, Ruth Eve revisits a
previous project to examine how her new understanding of the hierarchy of net-zero design
could have unlocked carbon savings if the right questions had been asked at the right time.

Introduction can show us how to reduce the embodied understanding as to whether or not a design
I like to think that as engineers we always carbon of our designs. But with so much is good .
strive to build clever: aiming for least weight guidance out there, where is the best place to It s easy to feel a bit like the villain once we
(or use less stuff ) is a basic design principle. start And what if your pro ect is already under calculate our material volumes and carbon
I have always instinctively supported way? emissions. Even when we ve developed our
refurbishment pro ects, and aspired to find e now all recognise that, like safety, schemes in the least impactful way, we re still
ways to use recycled and reclaimed materials sustainability must be incorporated into our left responsible for the release of hundreds or
where possible. As engineers, we also all designs from inception. e know that working thousands of tonnes of carbon each year (a
know how to collaborate and support our through schemes and materials options for single new house can emit between 50t and
clients and professional colleagues to achieve pro ects, and doing the maths on embodied 100t of CO2).
such technical re uirements. carbon, is not only important, but is getting
But as the depth and breadth of the climate quicker and easier as we all become more A wider perspective
emergency reveals itself to us all, and the familiar with the argon. But while calculating hen I recently attended the Institution s
carbon reduction clock runs down (Figure 1)1, and specifying low-impact options is Net-zero structural design training course
construction remains one of the world s most important, it is a relatively small slice of the (which I highly recommend; see www.istructe.
impactful industries, with more urgent action triangular-shaped pie (Figure 2). Calculating org/events for details), I had something of
clearly needed. There is an abundance of carbon does not produce low-carbon an engineering epiphany. It came about
guidance, technical papers and courses that solutions in of itself, but it does change our when we applied the Institution s so-called

GLOBAL COMMONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE (MCC)

MERCATOR RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON

FIGURE 1: The clock is rapidly ticking

on the world’s opportunity to limit global
heating to a 1.5° scenario1

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 Questioning the brief Climate action

FIGURE 2: Hierarchy of net-zero structural design (inspired by PAS 2080)

‘Hierarchy of net-zero design’2 (Fig. 2) to

elevate and reimagine projects in a more
fundamental way by really getting under the
POURING A PROJECT THROUGH
skin of the brief. Pouring a project through THE FUNNEL-SHAPED HIERARCHY
the funnel-shaped net-zero hierarchy meant MEANT TAPPING INTO ONE OF MY
tapping into one of my favourite aspects of
structural engineering – creativity. FAVOURITE ASPECTS OF STRUCTURAL
As a thought experiment, putting to one ENGINEERING – CREATIVITY
side the usual constraints of project realities,
we reimagined our projects to tease out the
possible net-zero fractals of opportunity at Can’t see the wood for the trees? extent and, of course, now I’m asking, ‘why
each step, searching for opportunities high I came up with the questions as homework didn’t I ask these questions earlier, could I
up the hierarchy with the greatest potential to given to attendees of the course between have made a bigger difference, and would
reduce the overall impact of the design. For training sessions. As this was already a real- they have listened?’ Too late now perhaps for
me, it was like some sort of chromatography world project I knew well, this simple exercise this particular project, but I have plenty more
of design, enabling us to separate, identify and only took about 20 minutes and quickly projects coming up.
purify our design elements and opportunities… unlocked some new ideas. As a company, we know that we must
with no maths required! We all had a go, and For this particular project, many of these stay relevant, hopefully even get ahead of the
we all came up with some great ideas. questions may well have already been asked curve, realise the opportunity to advocate,
The case study presented (see panel) is and answered before our involvement – but demonstrate leadership and do the right
based on an existing, in-use council building perhaps I could have helped answer them thing. Soon it may even become a risk that
which I had been appointed to engineer a better if I’d been involved. We have a mixed we and our product are no longer relevant. In
modest extension for, to rehouse and relocate orderbook at our practice, and I chose a structural engineering, we see a groundswell
the local library, and retain council o ce space. project that I knew I could make work for of support, collaboration and learning across
The wider project also incorporated an earlier the homework I’d been set. Being forced to our governments and technical bodies, peers,
mechanical, electrical and public health (MEP)- apply the hierarchy to this project resulted collaborations, material and professional
led decarbonisation phase for the building. in something of an epiphany: I realised that institutions. Articles in magazines, etc. show us
All the questions raised in the case study I already knew all the questions to ask, I what can be achieved, providing precedents
need to be asked in the context of the building just hadn’t been asking them, and hadn’t that we can learn and share. If you’re new to all
being created. To quote Kate Raworth in understood their relative potential impacts. this, the IStructE video asking, ‘What are you
taking sustainability to mean ‘meeting the Awareness now unlocked, I will definitely be going to do about it?’ is a great place to start:
needs of all people within the means of the doing this exercise again on future projects. www.istructe.org/resources/guidance/what-are-
planet’7, we can see the need for balance. We likely all have projects and clients that you-going-to-do-about-it/.
The carbon emissions I am responsible for on this can be applied to, giving our sustainability All clients (or their shareholders) do not
this project will generate social value – and conversation a kickstart so we can contribute share the same level of desire, or have the
so the metric of ‘value for carbon’ becomes in an even more proactive and positive way. I resources, to make big changes, and for a
something I would want to consider when realise how rarely I really take the time to fully good proportion the cost plan is king. There is
asking all these questions. unpick the basic premise of the brief to this an awkward elephant in the room, asking me

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 Climate action Questioning the brief

Case study: reimagining the brief

This project involves an extension to a council we extended upwards instead of outwards, construction optimisation stage, so that once
building to rehouse the local library. The would this involve less construction overall, the structural con guration is set, contractor-
existing primary structure is a three-storey and could it enable the proposed library to designed items are incorporated and detailed
concrete frame with a basement car park (low be accommodated on the ground oor design is fully complete, there would be a
headroom), supported by piled foundations. Could we run similar studies for other council period of time to process design elements to
The proposed alterations include a new buildings, to nd a more suitable space maximise to 100% utilisation?
entrance atrium, along with covering one of the Instead of using new materials, could Are there opportunities to revisit the
two existing inner courtyards in order to create materials be harvested from other council materials we will be building from, once we’ve
more oor space. Works are to be phased so buildings and projects for reuse in our achieved as much as we can in ‘build clever’
that the building can remain in use throughout. extension? Are there any materials that could to reduce demands on the structure. For
Starting at the top of the net-zero hierarchy, be harvested from this building that aren’t example, could previous rationalisation of the
here are some of the questions I now wish that being used? Could the car park be reused as grid, avoiding of transfer beams, or changes
I had asked earlier on in the project. a heat sink? Reservoir? Data centre? Storage? to the green roof, all seek to now unlock a
Rhubarb farm? The proposed entrance lightweight timber roof structure?
Build nothing3 colonnade and cladding are bespoke precast Could the level or build-up of the roof be
Could the aims of the project be achieved concrete. Can we use something reclaimed adjusted to ensure we have enough depth
without building anything What are the or upcycled? This could be an opportunity to allowances so that beam sizes can be as deep
council’s wider aims for library facilities use the bricks from the old library. Could the and light as possible Would the client and
generally? Could these be met not through external steel frame be left unclad? architect consider this even if it compromised
new construction, but by reorganisation of the interface with the existing brick arches at
the existing internal spaces at this building or Build clever5 the building by partially concealing them?
other buildings the council owns? Put another The new entrance atrium and covered If we need precast concrete, what are
way, could the library sit within the existing courtyard have relatively long spans, and the options for further savings? Could
building, rather than within an extension, if we a heavy green roof. So can we introduce early engagement with the supply chain
could help the client use the building’s space support columns? Or reduce the weight of demonstrate whether is it lower-carbon to
better Why does the e isting library need to the roof? Is a green roof really that useful – have i) big elements made with low-strength
be relocated at all What other projects and will anyone see it, and will nature appreciate concrete, or ii) smaller elements made from
buildings does the council own What other it, in this town-centre location? Or could we higher-strength concrete?
building projects are planned? lower the height of the new structures? The
proposed ‘minstrel’s gallery’ overlooking the Minimise waste
Build less4 atrium provides minimal functionality what as the contractor considered off-site
Assuming that the library does need are the drivers for this element What if we manufacturing Which elements of the project
relocating, and the existing building is not built the courtyard roof from ETFE – is this do they expect to produce the most waste
big enough, how could we minimise the viable and could it help reduce structural sizes based on their experience? How does this
amount of construction needed? The existing throughout the design? overlap with our design and which elements
three-storey (plus basement) concrete could we adjust the to help minimise this?
frame likely has structural capacity for an Build efficiently6 How can we detail the reinforcement to aid
e tra oor has this been investigated If Could the programme accommodate a pre- installation and avoid wastage?

how easy it is to actually ask these questions, with us earlier in the decision-making process,
particularly the more strategic aspects of build allowing us to ask some key questions and
nothing and build less. I know that earlier in
my career I would not have felt empowered
I PONDER OVER make alternative proposals. While the biggest
impact can typically be made at early design
enough to ask, and perhaps it feels a bit more HOW BEST TO stages, whatever stage a project is at, there is
than a little impolite to try and influence a client HAVE THESE scope to have a positive influence throughout
in this way with the risk of being deemed a
little too ‘draconian’. I ponder over how best
CONVERSATIONS the project.
Maybe a rhubarb factory in the basement
to have these conversations supportively and SUPPORTIVELY is a wild idea… but perhaps with humility and
to encourage our clients, project manager curiosity we can all find space to ask some
and construction manager colleagues to ‘stupid’ questions, and use our collective
incorporate ‘appropriate time and resources’ – and will they usher them through with ease? expertise and ingenuity to find new ideas
to seeking sustainable outcomes, in the same Or will the mechanics of the process be too that fundamentally change the shape of our
way that they do for their duties to safety under time-consuming? (And will anyone get paid projects for the better.
the Construction (Design and Management) for this?) Nonetheless, I’m still keen to test the
Regulations. The belief that green projects theory, and perhaps have the conversation
are more expensive could be only a lack of anyway to find out what might have been Ruth Eve
understanding about what is achievable. And possible. I’m also excited to promote this BEng(Hons), CEng, MIStructE
the vagaries in assessing and measuring the quick method to my colleagues, internally and
wider benefits. And disadvantages such as externally, because I know that great clients Ruth is a Director of Glanville Consultants in
impact to ecosystems. And perhaps a little bit and design teams will respond positively if we Didcot, UK. She is an experienced structural
of a lack of imagination. can demonstrate an ability to tune into what engineer leading a small team within a small to
I’m also still interested to see whether the they need at the right moment and show them medium-sized multidisciplinary consultancy. Her
planners I interact with will support such what is possible. Maybe then on the next goal is to develop and deliver more sustainable
changes that explicitly target reducing carbon project with the same client, they will engage practices across all teams.

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 Questioing the brief Climate action

Ruth

Who is this
Why does the library
displacing in the What other

Build nothing
need to be relocated?
What is happening to new building? buildings
the old library building? Are they going does the
Do we need a library? to a new council own?
building?

Repurpose the
Build less
The existing 4-storey
concrete frame likely roof level or car
has structural capacity park level?
for an extra storey. (Low head room)

Use underground car

Can materials be
Build clever harvested from
other buildings? Or
park as heat sink?
Reservoir? Data
centre? Storage?
this building? Rhubarb farm?

The new atrium and

But... will
Build covered courtyard have
a relatively long span.
Remove
green roof?
this make the

efficiently
library less
Introduce support (Reduce ‘attractive’/
columns and lower loading) used less?
the height?

Minimise
waste Entrance cladding
is precast bespoke
concrete – use
something recycled?

REFERENCES FURTHER READING

1) MCC Carbon Clock [Online] Available at: www. | Climate Change Committee (2020) The Sixth Carbon
mcc-berlin.net/en/research/co2-budget.html (Accessed: Budget: Buildings [Online] Available at: www.theccc.
November 2024) org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sector-summary-
Buildings.pdf (Accessed: November 2024)
2) Arnold W. (s.d.) The hierarchy of net-zero design | Di Benedetto D. (2021) ‘Climate jargon buster’, The
[Online] Available at: www.istructe.org/resources/blog/the- Structural Engineer, 99 (6), pp. 10–11; https://doi.
hierarchy-of-net-zero-design/ (Accessed: November 2024) org/10.56330/JKRR9002
3) Halliwell E. (2024) ‘Putting the net-zero hierarchy into | Laidler P. (2021) ‘Measuring carbon – a small practice
practice: Build nothing’, The Structural Engineer, 102 (1), perspective’, The Structural Engineer, 99 (9), pp. 14–18;
pp 10–11; https://doi.org/10.56330/WSKW8501 https://doi.org/10.56330/IRFX7299
| MIT Climate Portal [Online] Available at: https://climate.
4) Hayes C. (2024) ‘Putting the net-zero hierarchy into
mit.edu/ (Accessed: November 2024)
practice: Build less’, The Structural Engineer, 102 (2),
| Orr J.J., Cooke M., Ibell T.J., Smith C.
pp 18–19; https://doi.org/10.56330/MGEK3688
and Watson N. (2022) Design for zero, London:
5) Halliwell E. (2024) ‘Putting the net-zero hierarchy into IStructE Ltd
practice: Build clever, The Structural Engineer, 102 (3), | Watson N. (2024) ‘Measuring carbon in structures –
pp 10–11; https://doi.org/10.56330/WZIY7163 advice for small practices’, The Structural Engineer,
102 (6), pp. 15–17; https://doi.org/10.56330/HQTK6546
6) Moynihan M. (2024) ‘Putting the net-zero hierarchy into
| White M. (2022) ‘Engineering in the climate emergency:
practice: uild e ciently, The Structural Engineer, 102 (11),
doing less, better’, The Structural Engineer, 100 (10),
pp 10–11; https://doi.org/10.56330/GSRU2454
pp. 10–12; https://doi.org/10.56330/MHVF1963
7) Raworth K. (2017) Doughnut economics, London:
Penguin

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 Professional guidance Composite dowel shear connectors

A new Eurocode, EN
1994-1-102, for composite
dowel shear connectors
Roger Johnson, Wojciech Lorenc and Wolfgang Kurz provide a brief edge of the steel web, to act as dowels
overview of a new part to Eurocode 4, covering composite dowels, in the slab above.
The use of cut teeth has enabled
which is currently in development for planned publication in 2026. a wide range of beam cross-sections
to be developed. Parts (a) to (e) of
Figure 2 show precast beams with in
Introduction continuous spans up to 55.6m and a situ concrete added later. Such beams
A new part of Eurocode 4, EN 1994-1- multistorey car park, all using beams can be erected side-by-side, or with
102, Composite dowels ( Part 102 ) is with composite dowel connectors. gaps bridged by precast permanent
expected to reach ormal Vote stage Figure 4 shows a 37m span of the formwork for the deck concrete
in 2025, and to be published in 2026. It Elblag bridge, Poland. The end regions overhead. Part (f) shows a double-
defines a composite dowel as a shear of each span have concrete webs composite cross-section for a shallow-
connector cut from hot-rolled steel extending to the bottom flange of the deck railway bridge, cast in situ. Part
sections, plates or bars, and encased steel inverted-T sections. Figure 1 (g) shows a shallow floor cast in situ.
in reinforced concrete to achieve shows two of the steel beams where, Many of these cross-sections enable
composite action’. from left to right, the steel connectors the dowel connectors to be located at
The steel component is usually a will be embedded in a concrete web, a level such that the shear transfer is
steel web plate with teeth cut along will be bars through elongated holes, in a region of low longitudinal tension.
its top edge (Figures 1 and 2), or a and will be embedded in the concrete Inverted-T and I sections are also
separate toothed strip welded to the deck slab. At supports, the web is useful for shallow-floor construction
top flange of a steel I-section. Figure reinforced concrete; at mid-span it is within buildings.
3 shows the teeth (dark-coloured) on entirely steel. The current Eurocode 4 requires
beams of 18m span that will support resistance to beam vertical shear to be
deep metal decking for a composite New types of cross-section provided entirely by the steel web. This
floor slab in a multistorey car park. for brid e dec s and floor is appropriate for sections of type (c).
Where reinforcing bars are used, structures But type (a) needs resistance from both
they are threaded through over-size The first generation of connectors were steel and concrete materials, while type
holes in the steel web of an I-section, of the bar-through-holes type, known (g) is essentially reinforced concrete
as used in shallow-floor construction. as Perfobond eiste and developed in alone. Hence Part 1-102 provides a
This Eurocode has been drafted the 1980s. They were used in a 213m new design method, allowing shear
mainly by the Polish and German span composite bridge in Venezuela. resistance to be shared between
engineers responsible for its many ater, construction was simplified by steel and concrete in any proportion,
innovations1,2. Their publications omitting steel top flanges and replacing for those beams defined as hybrid
describe over 20 bridges with the bars with teeth cut into the top composite members’.

Eurocode EN 1994-1-102
The new Part 1-102 is a little over a
quarter the length of the new EN 1994-
1-1. It allows for further development

THE USE OF CUT

COURTESY OF W. LORENC

TEETH HAS ENABLED

A WIDE RANGE OF
BEAM CROSS-SECTIONS
TO BE DEVELOPED
FIGURE 1: Steel ‘Tees’ with dowel connectors (2016)

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 Composite dowel shear connectors Professional guidance

of composite dowels. The main text

lists re uirements and has a figure
that shows 12 ‘typical shapes’, but
does not define details of geometry.
Dimensions and detailed rules for four
types of tooth-shaped connector are
given in the much longer Annex A, to
which most of this note refers.
The design of shallow composite
floors can re uire shear connection

COURTESY OF G. SEIDL
from bars threaded through holes in
the webs of steel beams. Simple rules
for their resistance to shear are given
in Annex I of the next edition of EN
1994-1-1, with more advanced rules in
Annex B of Part 1-102.
All dimensions of a dowel connector
are given as multiples of its wavelength, FIGURE 2: Cross-sections of beams and
which can range from 150 to 500mm deck structures with composite dowel connectors
for dowels eligible for the new Ductility
Category D2 (corresponding to 6mm
slip, as for studs). Its thickness can be Two modes are similar to those for Resistance of a hybrid
between 4 and 40mm, which matches stud shear connectors. The other two section to vertical shear
the thickness of most steel web modes are for pry-out or splitting at A lever arm ZH is determined from
plates. The height of the largest shape adjacent concrete surfaces, for which the stress distribution (elastic or
included in Annex A can be between local reinforcement is specified. Rules plastic) used for resistance to bending.
60 and 200mm. A dowel connector for fatigue strength, using EN 1993-1- The design shear flow vl,Ed,max for
can replace many studs. 9, are given for two of the shapes. both materials in the web is given
Resistance to static longitudinal The rules for global analysis, by vl,Ed,max = VEd / ZH, where VEd is the
shear of a composite dowel shear resistance to bending, and partial shear design vertical shear3.
connector is the least from the four connection consist mainly of references The steel web is designed for
failure modes for which rules are given. to EN 1994-1-1. vl,Ed,max by the method of Eurocode

COURTESY OF HENDRIK REUKE

FIGURE 3: Floor structure for car park at Wiesbaden, Germany (2018)

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 rofessional uidance Composite dowel shear connectors

COURTESY OF W. LORENC
River at Kraków, Poland.
The cost of extra web reinforcement
and more complex formwork seems
to be offset by saving on steel
consumption. Each of the larger
connectors can replace many studs.
Tendering for some of the bridges
succeeded against more traditional
designs, though these had not been
optimised. There is more concrete and
less steel, so the comparisons also
depend on location.

Roger Johnson
FIGURE 4: lblag bridge, oland (20 )
Roger Johnson is Emeritus Professor
of Civil Engineering at the University of
3. The concrete web is also designed Warwick, UK.

COURTESY OF W. LORENC
for vl,Ed,max, and uses truss action with
stirrups, from Eurocode 2. Typical
stirrups are shown in Figure 5. The Wojciech Lorenc
main stirrups (1) pass through the
dowels and transfer shear to the steel Wojciech Lorenc is Professor of Civil
Tee. They provide the truss action, ngineering at Wroc aw niversity of
which resists the vertical shear in Science and Technology, Poland.
the concrete web. They also provide
resistance to spalling of the concrete
below and beside the dowel. Wolfgang Kurz
There are also confinement stirrups
(2) anchored on each side of the steel Wolfgang Kurz is Professor for Steel
web. They assist the concrete to resist Structures at the University of
the longitudinal force from the dowel. Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU),
Each set encloses longitudinal bars Germany.
at its bottom corners. For cross-
sections like type (a) in Figure 2, where
steel webs extend over the whole FIGURE 5: Stirrups for
web height, all vertical shear may be partial-depth concrete web
assigned to the steel webs only.
REFERENCES

Crocodile teeth regions use the full HL1100 section,

The main beams for a road bridge with welded studs (not shown) for shear 1) Seidl G., Stambuk M., Lorenc W.,
o a ows i . and et e E.
under construction in 2024 have connection to the concrete slab.
‘Wirtschaftliche Verbundbauweisen
hogging regions with double-composite im Brückenbau – Bauweisen mit
action (section type (f) in Figure 2) Closing comments Verbunddübelleisten’ [in German],
and varying depth (Figure 6); hence, The freedom provided by this method Stahlbau, 82, pp. 510–521; https://
the name crocodile teeth for the of shear connection has led to novel doi.org/10.1002/stab.201310072
dowel connectors. The cross-hatching designs and, in some cases, to orenc W. ‘Composite
represents concrete. The cross-section variation in the type of web along dowels: the way to the new forms
of the supporting cross-beam is shown the span of a bridge girder. Double of steel-concrete composite
in outline. This design has enabled composite action has been used in a structures’, IABSE Symposium:
spans of 55.6m to be achieved using composite arch for a railway bowstring Synergy of Culture and Civil
HL1100 rolled I-sections only. Mid-span bridge of 116m span over the Vistula Engineering – History and
Challenges, Wroclaw, Poland, 7–9
ctober, n: ie ., ilis c uk .,
FIGURE 6: Hogging moment region of beam for Kwisa River awrys k w ., ildebrand . and
bridge near r eb w in oland, s owing dowel connectors nawa- awrys k w . (eds.) IABSE
Symposium Wroclaw 2020, Zurich:
UCH

IABSE, pp. 98–138; https://doi.

org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0093
.

orenc W. ur W. and
Seidl . ‘Hybrid steel–
concrete sections for bridges:
efinition and basis for design’, Eng.
Struct., 270, 114902; https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114902

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 Call for Speakers

Structural safety & risk

management conference
Spring 2025
Institution of Structural Engineers HQ
London and online

Conference themes
• Performance-based design
• Risk-based design approaches
The Institution is delighted
• Assessing and managing risks associated
to announce our upcoming with building adaption
hybrid conference, dedicated • Avoiding common design construction errors
to enhancing structural safety • The design build contract: mitigating the
across the built environment. inherent risks

Bringing together construction

Call for contributors
leaders, this conference focuses on
e are currently looking for volunteers
managing risk effectively and creating to talk on the topics outlined above. If
a safer built environment for all. you have a good case study that fits
our themes, please apply via the link
below. All presenters must present
from ondon . Deadline for
submissions 30 anuary 2025.

Apply now:
istructe.org/events/hq/2025/structural-safety-risk-management-conference

21687_structural_safety_conference_FP.indd
pp24-27 TSE_January25_Composite dowels Prof1 Guidance.indd 27 11/12/2024 11: 10:15
19/12/2024 2
 Professional guidance CROSS Safety Alert

CROSS Safety Alert

Smoke vents rendered

inoperable by building work
This month we present a CROSS Safety Alert drawing attention to the safety
risks associated with preventing the operation of smoke vents in buildings.

Overview during remediation works involved a

Automatic opening vents (AOV) are subcontractor being engaged to apply
provided as part of a fire safety smoke render as the final finish of the facade
control system. In the event of a fire, after remediation. orking on the
an inoperable smoke vent poses a exterior of the building, from scaffolding,
significant hazard. If smoke cannot the subcontractor s operatives took
be released from the building, it could measures to protect the AOVs from the
hamper the escape of occupants and render that was to be applied. There
the ability of the fire and rescue service may have been no sign or indication
to fight the fire. that the AOVs were not standard
This Safety Alert highlights that, windows. The applied masking would
in many cases, AOVs can be have prevented the vents from opening
indistinguishable from standard in the event of a fire.
windows. This may lead to their
inadvertent obstruction. Summary
Persons responsible for fire safety
Introduction FIGURE 1: AOV in open position should ensure that the fire risk
CROSS has received several reports assessment is reviewed to reflect
of AOVs being made inoperable by changes to risk created by building
building work, including when facade work. During building work there is an
materials are being replaced. increased likelihood of fire, particularly
AOVs are often designed to if combustible materials are exposed.
resemble regular windows for visual DURING BUILDING WORK Elements of a building s fire safety
reasons. This may lead contractors to
overlook their critical function. Even
THERE IS AN INCREASED system may not be recognised as
critical by other trades or professions.
if the windows are recognised as LIKELIHOOD OF FIRE, Where such safety systems will be
being different from the standard, their PARTICULARLY IF impacted by building work, a thorough
important role in the fire safety strategy
may not be perceived. Figure 2 shows
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS review of the fire risk assessment and
fire strategy must be undertaken,
a building elevation and illustrates the ARE EXPOSED focusing on the current evacuation
issue – some of the windows are AOVs strategy. or instance, a stay-put
but they are not easily identifiable. approach may need to be reviewed.
CROSS Safety Report 1347, Who should read this alert? Consideration should be given to
Automatic Opening Vents not interim control measures to mitigate
functional after two cladding | Those responsible for the management of fire any identified risks. here mitigation
remediations describes two events safety in buildings measures remain inadequate to control
where AOVs (styled to look like | Principal Accountable Persons and the risk, consideration should be given
windows) were rendered inoperable for Accountable Persons as to whether the building remains
months after a cladding remediation. | Designers safe to occupy. This is particularly
In the first case, contractors improperly | Principal designers relevant for buildings with combustible
disconnected the AOVs from their | Principal contractors cladding during its removal work.
electrical components. In the second | ire risk assessors here work is being undertaken
case, new cladding was screwed into | Those working in or on occupied buildings with on an existing building, the principal
the frame of the existing AOVs. automatic opening vents (including those designing contractor (in conjunction with
CROSS Safety Report 1380, and erecting scaffolding) the person responsible for the
Automatic Opening Vent covered management of the building s fire

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 CROSS Safety Alert Professional guidance

Related CROSS reports

| Responsible person failed to react appropriately to
a smoke control system failure (Report ID: 123 )
| Combustible cladding material ignited during
remediation work (Report ID: 1222)
| Automatic Opening Vents not functional after two
cladding remediations (Report ID: 134 )
| Automatic Opening Vents covered during
remediation works (Report ID: 13 0)

What is CROSS?
FIGURE 2: Elevation of residential building with AOVs – the AOVs
are indistinguishable from standard windows Collaborative eporting for afer tructures
(C O ) helps professionals to make structures
safer by publishing safety information based
safety) should identify all AOVs and In England, the Responsible Person on the reports it receives and information in the
consideration should be given to under The Fire Safety (England) public domain.
providing temporary signage indicating Regulations 2022 – Regulation 7 is also C O operates internationally in the , ,
that they are to be kept operable and obligated to report faults in essential and ustralasia. ll regions cover structural safety,
clear from obstruction. firefighting e uipment for high-rise while C O - also covers re safety.
Consideration should also be given residential buildings. This includes
by industry to providing permanent, but when e uipment is disabled.
discrete, signage on AOVs. This might
read Automatic Opening Vent do not
obstruct’. This need not interfere with The full CROSS Safety Alert, including
the building’s architecture. links to guidance mentioned, is
Improved training is recommended available on the CROSS website
for all those in the construction industry at www.cross-safety.org/uk/
who work onsite to raise awareness safety-information/cross-safety-
of the existence of AOVs and their fire alert/smoke-vents-rendered-
safety function. inoperable-building-work.

How reporting to CROSS works

he secure and con dential safety reporting system
allows professionals to share their e periences to
help others.
rofessionals can submit reports on safety issues
related to buildings and other structures in the built
environment. eports typically relate to concerns,
near misses or incidents. ind out
more, including how to submit
a safety report, at https://bit.ly/
cross-safety. our report will
make a difference.

FIGURE 3: Example of AOV positioning in residential building

ADAPTED FROM PRACTICAL FIRE SAFETY GUIDANCE FOR EXISTING HIGH RISE DOMESTIC
BUILDINGS FROM THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT. PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2022. CONTAINS PUBLIC
SECTOR INFORMATION LICENSED UNDER THE OPEN GOVERNMENT LICENCE V3.0

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 Technical Bamboo connections

Design of a connection
with metal plates and
screws in natural bamboo
– worked example
DOMINIKA MALKOWSKA connection methods have been developed over the loss of strength, is especially important for
BSc, MSc, PhD the past decades, but their standardisation structures built in earthquake-prone zones,
Research Associate, University of Bristol; is still quite limited. For more comprehensive which is often where bamboo is used. Since
Project Engineer, Milner Associates, UK information about bamboo design, the reader most failure modes of bamboo members are
is directed to the series published previously in brittle, connections are often the only source
The Structural Engineer (2016–17)3–6. of ductility within a structure. Stiffness is
JAMES NORMAN especially important for structures where too
MEng, PhD, CEng, MICE, FIStructE Bamboo connections much connection slip impacts the ability of
Professor of Sustainable Design, One of the most popular ways to connect the structure to transfer the loads as it was
University of Bristol, UK bamboo culms is to use dowel-type fasteners, designed, e.g. in trusses.
including dowels, bolts, screws, nails and Although standardisation of bamboo is still at
DAVID TRUJILLO similar. This worked example presents a an early stage, recent developments led to the
connection design using screws and metal publication of ISO 22156:2021, which currently
MSc, DIC, PhD, CEng, MIStructE
plates, similar to a common connection is the most comprehensive design standard
Assistant Professor, Coventry University;
method in timber structures. Traditionally, the for bamboo. However, for dowelled-type
Head of Bio-based Materials, Atelier One, UK
use of screws in natural, round bamboo has connections, the standard provides equations
been unpopular due to the risk of splitting. for a single fastener only, which makes the
While splitting is commonly observed in nailed guidance too limited for multiple screws.
Introduction connections due to the increase in tangential Despite the lack of guidance for multiple-
Interest in bamboo has been increasing in stress arising upon the nail insertion, self- fastener connections, ISO 22156:2021 provides
recent years as the construction industry and tapping screws, unlike nails, do not displace a generic method to design a connection using
governments seek ways to reduce their carbon the material but rather cut it out with the values obtained through experimental testing.
footprints in response to climate change, and thread while being drilled in. Also, when The worked example will use an adaptation of
utilising bio-based materials offers a means predrilling is used, most fibres are similarly cut this method, i.e. the design factors provided in
to do so. Bamboo, just like timber, has the and not displaced. the code will be applied to the characteristic
ability to capture and store atmospheric CO2; The use of screws in bamboo connections capacity values, which follow from a design
but, unlike timber, it grows at a high speed, has several benefits. irst, unlike the common guide available in the literature8.
with only about five years re uired for the culm bolted connection combined with mortar The example will cover a perpendicular joint
(bamboo stem) to reach full maturity. infill, connecting with screws is cement-free, consisting of two culms placed orthogonally,
Such rapid growth means that using which means that the connection meets the forming a ‘T’. The ‘stem’ of the T-shaped joint
bamboo construction products can achieve ‘design for disassembly’ principles by allowing will be loaded in tension.
a net cooling effect much faster than with for easy recovery of the elements when the It is important to mention that ISO
timber products1. Therefore, provided the structure is disassembled. 22156:2021 specifies a minimum ductility ratio
bamboo comes from sustainably managed Second, multiple small-diameter screws (the ratio of the experimentally determined
sources, and the structure is designed with (6mm or less), unlike a single bolt (usually ultimate displacement to the yield displacement)
durability in mind, bamboo structures can 9–16mm diameter) in the traditional connection, of 1.25 for any loadbearing structure. For
considerably reduce the anthropogenic carbon enhance robustness against splitting (as connections with screws, this threshold has
footprint compared with other construction required by ISO 22156:20217), i.e. the ability been satisfied for loading parallel to fibre when
methods, especially when transportation of the connection to redistribute load in the certain design principles are followed, as will be
distances are minimised2. case of an unforeseen loss of one or more shown in the worked example.
Typically, bamboo culms are hollow inside individual fasteners due to cracking. Moreover, This method has currently been proven only
and their wall thickness is relatively small. This connections with screws, if designed correctly, for Moso, a common Southeast Asian bamboo
feature, combined with very high anisotropy can be stiffer and more ductile than bolted species, and a limited number of screws.
resulting from most fibres running parallel connections8. However, the example illustrates how, with
to the axis of the stem, significantly hinders Ductility, which is a measure of a structure’s further testing, a more universal set of design
connection design. Despite this, many ability to undergo large deformation before equations could be developed.

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 Bamboo connections Technical

Worked example
Brief

Design a connection for a T-shaped joint consisting of two culms

(Figure 1). The vertical culm is loaded axially in tension with a combined
dead and imposed load of 3.2kN. This does not include safety factors
since the design is based on the allowable stress design method used
in ISO 22156:2021.
The connection will be located at the roof level and the moisture
content (MC) shall not exceed 20%.
FIGURE 1: T-shaped bamboo joint

Design principles for the presented method

| Screws must be between 3 and 5mm in | The tapered tip of the screw must protrude | Flat plates are allowed as long as the
nominal (outer thread) diameter (Figure 2). to the inside of the culm (no taper in the gap between the plate and bamboo is
| Bamboo wall thickness must be min. 6mm. bamboo wall). The length of the screw under 1mm. For dnom = 4mm, this can
| All types of self-tapping screws can be used must therefore be equal to (or larger than): be achieved with 4no. screws staggered
(screws used typically for wood). steel plate thickness + bamboo thickness across the fibre (a2) at dnom. This means that
| The screw hole in the bamboo may be + tapered tip length. In typical scenarios, a for connections with more than 4 × 4mm
predrilled (optional). screw length of 25mm will su ce. dnom screws, a curved plate is required.
| The screw hole clearance in the plate is | The screw must be fully threaded. Thread | The steel plate can span across bamboo
crucial for stiff connections no more than type (of a self-tapping screw) does not nodes, as long as there is no gap between
0.1mm clearance (between outer thread affect the performance. the plate and bamboo.
and plate hole) is allowed if stiffness is of | The screw head should preferably be of a | Staggering of screws requires each screw
importance. Meeting this requirement may pan button flat type (not countersunk). to be placed on an individual fibre line (no
be di cult in regions where drill bits of | A countersunk head should only be used two screws aligned).
small sizes are di cult to obtain. In such if the screw hole in the plate can be | Generic considerations of corrosion apply
situations, it is recommended to try to countersunk (this can be done in relatively in the same way as in timber structures
match the available screw sizes and drill bit thick plates only). (e.g. stainless steel screws and a mild steel
sizes to pick a combination that will result in | The bamboo internode is not filled plate pose a risk of galvanic corrosion).
the smallest possible clearance. with mortar.

 FIGURE 2: Connection details

Notes for the worked example

| The stiffness of the connection will depend fibre). sing half of a1 is allowed as long as that the screw connection achieves a
on the tightness of the steel plate wrapped a2 is doubled, i.e. if a1 = 19 then a2 mm. higher capacity, it does not necessarily
around the bottom culm and the precision | Edge distances in the steel plate follow imply superior performance under testing
of the fish-mouth cut. Thinner plates (like from EN 1993-1-8:202413. conditions. In the example presented, the
the one used in this example) have some | For comparison, the design capacity screw connection was tested to sustain
flexibility and will be easier to force into a achieved in this joint exceeds by 50% a mean capacity of 14.8kN, calculated
tight fit. Thicker plates would need to be (2.2kN) the allowable capacity for as 1.86kN per screw for 8no. screws8.
made to match the exact dimensions of T-shaped connectors using similar sized owever, the authors have not identified
the culms. Guadua angustifolia bamboo listed in the experimental basis for the values
| Spacing of the screws is dictated by a1 = Colombia’s NSR-10 code14, which requires specified in the NSR-10 code.
3 mm (along fibre) and a2 4mm (across bolts and mortar infill. hile this suggests

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 Technical Bamboo connections

Design assumptions

The T-shaped oint can be configured in to fibre in the horizontal member is likely to Therefore, options A and B are less viable
various ways, with some examples shown in result in a brittle failure and low capacity9, than option C, where the horizontal culm is
Figure 3. In each case, the connection at the while in configuration B, loading in withdrawal not affected by the screws as it is loaded in
vertical culm exerts loading parallel to fibre, re uires a large number of screws due to low compression perpendicular to fibre due to the
while the loading on the horizontal culm differs. capacity in withdrawal10,11, and the plate must steel plate alone. This implies that design C is
In configuration A, loading perpendicular be stiffened to avoid steel bending failure. the best option.

FIGURE 3:
otential configurations
of T-shaped joint

Choosing option C ( -shaped plate wrapped The listed properties are part of the input and therefore must be assumed at the start
around the horizontal culm Figure 4), the of the design process.
following checks need to be considered:
Steel design assumptions:
| ateral loading parallel to fibre on vertical | Plate:
culm covered in this example | Thickness ts = 1.2mm
| Compression perpendicular to fibre on | Mild steel with minimum yield strength 250MPa (refer to EN 1995-1-1:200412
horizontal culm to be calculated to ISO Table 4.1 for corrosion protection re uirements)
22156:2021 sec. 10.11 not covered in | 4.0mm diameter holes
this example | Screws:
| Tensile, bearing and block shear failure of | Carbon steel (refer to EN 1995-1-1:2004 Table 4.1 for corrosion protection
the steel plate not covered in this example re uirements)
| ully threaded
| Pan head
| Nominal diameter dnom 4mm (e ual to outer thread)
| Root diameter dr = 2.5mm
| Number of screws at each side of the culm n 4 ( screws in total)
| Spacing between screws along fibre a1 = 15dr
| Spacing between screws across fibre a2 = dnom (all screws are staggered)

Bamboo design assumptions:

| Species Moso
| Culm size
| Outer diameter D = 100mm
| all thickness tb = 10mm
| Characteristic density k 00kg m3

orces acting on the connection:

| Axial load of F 3.2kN design load no factors are applied to actions in the
allowable stress design method (design to ISO 22156:2021)

 FIGURE 4:
U-shaped plate wrapped
around horizontal culm

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 Bamboo connections Technical

Ste by ste desi n for lateral loadin arallel to fibre

Reference Design method/equation Solved value

Malkowska et al. Ductility ratio Since ISO 22156:2021 does not specify
(2023)8 whether the ductility ratio, μ, should be the
mean or the characteristic (5th percentile)
value, the minimum of those two values
(which always corresponds to the 5th
percentile) was chosen, based on the
decision tree (Figure 5).

a1 15d r
a1 / d r 15

dr 2.5mm
ts / d r 0.48
6 .0
 FIGURE 5:
Decision tree for
staggered screws

0.05 – 5th percentile value of ductility ratio

m – mean value of ductility ratio

ISO 22156:20217 Joint factor of safety

– section 10.4
3.0 for 1 .5 FS j 2.0 for 4 .0
FS j 2.5 for 1.5 4 .0
2.0 for 4 .0

EN 1995-1- Embedment strength

1:200412 (EC5)
Equation for Moso bamboo (valid for predrilled and not predrilled holes):
Malkowska et al.
(2023)8 fh,k 54.43 1.33tb 3.41d ef2 28.37d ef 0.12 effective diameter assumed 10 higher
k
than root diameter (based on EC5)
68.5N/mm2
For comparison, equations for timber:
– without predrilled holes – EC5 eq. 8.15:
k 700kg/m3

– with predrilled holes – EC5 eq. 8.16:

fh,k 0.082(1 0.01def ) k

2
55.8N/mm
where tb and def are in mm, k
in kg/m3.

The values obtained from EC5 are comparable to the bamboo equation
value, but they lead to a conservative assumption, with the estimated
strength at least 23% lower than with the bamboo equation.

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 Technical Bamboo connections

Harries et al. Withdrawal strength

(2019)11
The value is determined as the minimum among the reported values for
various types of screws.

Malkowska et al. Reduction factor for multiple screws

(2023)8
0 .1
a1 screws staggered
0 86 n0.82 for 5 5d r a1 14d r i line
dr
nef = n = 4 per culm side
0.065
nef a1
0 84 n for 5 5d r a1 14d r stag.
dr
n for a1 14d r i line
n for a 1 14d r stag.

EN 1995-1-1:200412 Characteristic equation for a single shear steel-to-bamboo connection The characteristic bending moment My,k
(EC5) loaded parallel to fibre of the screw may either be taken from the
manufacturer’s data sheet or, if unknown,
Malkowska et al. The equation for bamboo is the same as the equation for timber – EC5 following from EC5 eq. 8.14:
(2023)8 eq. 8.10d single shear steel to timber. Although the equation for timber
is valid for thick plates (fastener diameter larger than plate thickness), for
bamboo this equation is also valid for thin plates (fastener diameter less
My,k 0.3 fu,k (1.1dr )2.6
than half plate thickness) as long as the design principles listed above for
bamboo are followed. Assuming the minimum tensile strength
of the screw fu,k = 600 N/mm2:

4My,k Fax,k
Fy,0,k nef fh,k d ef tb 2 2
1
fh,k d ef t b 4
single culm side:

where: 28.5 2.75 10

Fy,0,k 4 1113
Fax,k fax,k d ef tb 4
5236N

both culm sides:

2 Fy,0,k 10 472N

ISO 22156:20217 Modification factor for service class and load duration CDF: CDF = 0.65 – duration factor corresponds
– section 6.3 to the load component having the shortest
duration (in this example it will be assumed
Service class
that the imposed load on the roof is a
Load duration transient load)
1 2
( 2 ) ( C 20 )

Permanent or long term 0. 0.

Transient 0. 0.

Instantaneous .0 0.

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 Bamboo connections Technical

REFERENCES

ISO 22156:20217 Allowable joint design capacity Total design lateral 1) Göswein V., Arehart J., Phan-huy C.,
– section 10.4 capacity parallel to fibre: Pomponi F. and Habert G. (2022) ‘Barriers
and opportunities of fast-growing biobased
Fy,0 Fy,0,k CDF 1 / FS j material use in buildings’, Build. Cities, 3 (1),
Fy,0 10 472 0.65 1 2 pp. 745–755; https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.254
3.4kN 2) Kuehl L. and Yiping K. (2012) arbon o -
setting with bamboo’, INBAR Working Paper
71, Beijing, China: International Network for
Fy,0 3.4kN Bamboo and Rattan
Check
3) Kaminski S., Lawrence A. and Trujillo
F 3.2kN D. (2016) ‘Structural use of bamboo. Part
1: Introduction to bamboo’, The Structural
OK Engineer, 94 (8), pp. 40–43; https://doi.
org/10.56330/PNSC8891

Malkowska et al. Minimum spacing: 4) Kaminski S., Lawrence A., Trujillo D. and
a1 15d r King C. (2016) ‘Structural use of bamboo. Part
(2023)8
2: Durability and preservation’, The Structural
between screws along fibre: 15 2.5mm Engineer, 94 (10), pp. 38–43; https://doi.
a1 38mm org/10.56330/TRBW8039
5) Kaminski S., Lawrence A., Trujillo D.,
Feltham I. and López L.F. (2016) ‘Structural
use of bamboo. Part 3: Design values’, The
between screws across fibre: Structural Engineer, 94 (12), pp. 42–45;
https://doi.org/10.56330/JCLL5610
a2,min 1.6d r d nom 6) Kaminski S., Lawrence A., Trujillo D.,
Feltham I. and López L.F. (2017) ‘Structural
use of bamboo. Part 4: Element design
loaded end: equations’, The Structural Engineer, 95 (3), pp.
24–27; https://doi.org/10.56330/SXJG3169
7) International Organization for
Standardization (2021) ISO 22156:2021
Bamboo structures. Bamboo culms. Structural
design, Geneva: ISO
8) Malkowska D., Trujillo D., Toumpanaki
E. and Norman J. (2023) ‘Study of screwed
bamboo connection loaded parallel to fibre’,
Constr. Build. Mater., 398, 132532; https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132532
9) Malkowska D., Laux T., Trujillo D. and
Norman J. (2022) ‘Adaptation of a wood
theoretical fracture model for predicting
splitting capacity of dowelled connections
in bamboo’, Constr. Build. Mater.,
357, 129358; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2022.129358
10) Trujillo D. And Malkowska D. (2018)
‘Empirically derived connection design
properties for Guadua bamboo’, Constr.
Build. Mater., 163, pp. 9–20; https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.065
11) Harries K.A., Morrill P., Gauss C. et al.
(2019) ‘Screw withdrawal capacity of full-
culm P. edulis bamboo’, Constr. Build. Mater.,
216, 531–541; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2019.05.009
12) British Standards Institution (2004) BS EN
1995-1-1:2004+A2:2014 Eurocode 5: Design of
timber structures. General. Common rules and
rules for buildings, London: BSI
13) British Standards Institution (2024) BS
 FIGURE 6: Sketch of connection
EN 1993-1-8:2024 Eurocode 3. Design of steel
structures. Joints, London: BSI

A pan head wood screw 4 mm (outer thread) diameter x 25 mm long 14) Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería
Sísmica (2010) NSR-10: Reglamento
B 1.2 mm thick mild steel plate Colombiano de Construcción Sismo
Resistente, ‘Título G: Estructuras de Madera y
Estructuras de Guadua’ [in Spanish], Bogotá
D.C., Colombia

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 Opinion Regenerative design

Viewpoint

Regenerative design –
disrupting the industry
Ian Poole draws on his e periences of a regenerative design programme to offer e amples
of radical initiatives being implemented today which present a path to a regenerative future.

Introduction world to adopt the concept which aims | Nature-based materials include bamboo
In 2024, I was fortunate to participate in to raise the social foundation without structures5, hemp blocks6, algae-based
the Regenerative Design ab hosted by exceeding environmental limits. tiles7 and mycelium bricks8.
Constructivist. This article aims to summarise | France has written ecocide into law through | Nature-based design uses nature as
the ‘disruptive innovations’ discussed in the its Climate and Resilience Act3. This makes inspiration. There are several examples
lab which provide a reason to be optimistic damaging the environment a criminal where designers have used incredibly
about our future. offence. An ecocide bill was proposed to e cient forms which minimise material use,
In the lab, we used the three-horizons the ouse of ords in the recently. such as dendriform structures9 and the
model1 to undertake this exercise. This | The ell-being of uture enerations Act Munich Olympic Park10.
involves future gazing to imagine a has been introduced in Wales4, making | Nature-based systems see us learn
regenerative construction industry, and then it a requirement to consider the impacts from the complexity of systems within
looking at present-day initiatives that align of developments on future generations in the natural world to inform design flows
with changes we need to get us there. I have the region. to create feedback loops and stronger
grouped the ideas into themes as collectively connections in the supply chain. The Ellen
named by the group in the lab. These holistic and radical acts provide an MacArthur Foundation has provided an
alternative to business-as-usual policy, giving example by applying this thinking to the
Holistic policy intervention voices to the environment and future citizens, circular economy11.
Policy measures are crucial as they can lead placing these at the heart rather than the
to wider change through follow-on impacts on periphery of decision making. Rethinking end of use
design decisions, standards and regulations. There has been a shift in attitude towards
These can affect every pro ect in the region Nature-based solutions buildings at the end of their use in the past
the policy impacts, and often beyond. Some Nature-based solutions cover a wide range few years, particularly in ondon. Examples of
disruptive examples of policy intervention are of initiatives, which utilise biomimicry to learn disruptive initiatives in this space include:
offered below. from the e ciencies of patterns which have | the Don’t Waste Buildings campaign
| Amsterdam has applied the doughnut developed in the natural world over millennia. (www.linkedin.com/groups/ 002 /),
economics principles to its 2020–25 city Nature-based solutions can be used in the which has spread awareness and
strategy2. This makes it the first city in the construction industry in three ways. knowledge of the importance of
retrofit in tackling climate change and
biodiversity loss
| the reater ondon Authority Circular
Box 1. Key UK industry initiatives for climate action
Economy planning policy (S17)12, which
| ETI initiative: activism and publications www.leti.uk/ has shifted the approach taken to large
| Engineers Climate and Biodiversity Emergency Declarations developments in ondon, ensuring
www.engineersdeclare.com/ retention is fully considered
| IStructE climate action resources www.istructe.org/resources/climate-emergency/ | the evin McCloud-backed proposal for
| Architects Declare Regenerative Architecture a Grade III listed building designation13,
Indexhttps://architecturetoday.co.uk/the-regenerative-architecture-index/ which demonstrates thought leadership
| Building blocks to transform the built environment in how planning reform could support a
https://uk.architectsdeclare.com/resources circular economy
| The regenerative structural engineer | the initial refusal of planning for a
www.istructe.org/resources/guidance/the-regenerative-structural-engineer/ carbon-intensive demolition and rebuild
| The Embodied Biodiversity Impacts of Construction Materials report https://expedition. of the Marks Spencer building on
uk.com pro ect embodied-biodiversity-impacts-of-construction-materials Oxford Street14, which sent a clear signal
| Part proposal for embodied carbon regulation https: part-z.uk to the market on the importance of
| UK Net Zero Carbon Buildings Standard www.nzcbuildings.co.uk investigating retention options of large
schemes in ondon.

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 Regenerative design Opinion

| developments such as Beddington Zero

ANDREW THORNE
Energy Development (BedZED) (www.
zedfactory.com/bedzed) and Cannock
Mill (Figure 1)20 which demonstrate the
potential and benefits of community
led development, and clearly show the
demand and economic benefits associated
with these schemes.

Community-driven outcomes
With a strong link to community agency,
community-driven outcomes enable places to
thrive. ood examples of this include:
| CIVIC SQUARE, Birmingham
(Figure 2; https://civicsquare.cc/),
which is demonstrating neighbourhood-
scale civic infrastructure for social and
ecological transition
| the Climate Assembly in the UK (www.
climateassembly.uk/) and the Citizens’
Convention on Climate in France (www.
conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr/en/),
which directly involve the public in the
preparation of the law
| the London Collective (https://ldn-
collective.com/), which is an example in
 FIGURE 1: Cannock Mill is a cohousing development creating a the construction industry of an initiative
thriving community through the shared commitment of residents focused on place-based outcomes.

These initiatives offer an insight into a future

These have changed mindsets time on earth. Perhaps one lasting benefit of where the public are engaged rather than
around demolition and the consequential Covid-19 was reconnection with community, alienated from placemaking.
environmental harm associated both with raw which is now seeping into placemaking
material extraction and waste. principles and design strategies. Examples of From assets to access
this include: Changing the focus from ownership to access
Prioritising material reuse | initiatives such as Scotland’s ‘place is a way to distribute benefits from the few
Linked closely with rethinking buildings’ principle’18 and ‘meanwhile use’ leases19 to the many. The generational shift to using
end of use is the shift to prioritising reuse of which foster community cultivation and products as a service, reduced ownership and
materials and products. Disruptive initiatives activation of places through multiple selfless collaboration provides examples of
are abundant in this space, with both product- use, improving the e ciency and this approach. Specific examples include:
based initiatives and marketplace systems utilisation of our spaces, which in turn | the and Reform Act in Scotland21, which
being developed. reduces overall demand ensures the rights of access to land are first
| Product-based initiatives include Pretty and foremost given to the public, improving
Plastic (www.prettyplastic.nl), take-back access to nature for all citizens
schemes such as RM flooring tiles (www. | the Institute of Making Materials ibrary
rmf-services.co.uk/recycled_raised_ (www.instituteofmaking.org.uk/materials-
ooring/eco premium.asp ), and the library/library), which provides a huge
many steel reuse initiatives enabled by the publicly accessible library of research and
Steel Construction Institute’s P427 steel information on innovative materials
reuse guide15. | the Structural Carbon Tool (www.istructe.
| Marketplace systems include the org/the-structural-carbon-tool/), which
Enfield Excess material exchange16, the was donated to the IStructE by Elliott
development of material passports17 and ood to enable free access to the carbon
the platform established by Madaster calculation tool developed in house
(https://madaster.com) for registering | knowledge commons22, which have sprung
materials and products up throughout our industry, with many of
PAUL STRINGER/CIVIC SQUARE

these cited in the ‘Industry-led activism’

These activities could lead to a future where section below.
we see ourselves as custodians and guardians
of materials rather than owners, and waste The self-organisation of large groups in the
becoming an exception rather than the norm. industry with a prime focus on collaboration
gives a glimpse of a future industry where
Community agency  FIGURE 2: CIVIC SQUARE’s ‘neighbourhood we are collectively better than the sum of
Humans have existed in close and doughnut’ approach aims to apply doughnut our parts, sharing knowledge rather than
multifunctional communities for most of our economics principles at a community level protecting IP.

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 Opinion Regenerative design

REFERENCES

Participation of diverse voices | the London County Hall restoration and

In azel ill wood, close to Salisbury, where refurbishment25 by Sustainable Ventures. 1) Doughnut Economics Action Lab (2018)
‘Three Horizons Framework - a quick
the Regenerative Design ab was hosted, the The space uses information tags around
introduction’, YouTube [Online] Available at:
diversity of nature is present in many forms. the building to celebrate and communicate
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5KfRQJqpPU
A birdwatching guide on the wall illustrates the environmental benefits of the design (Accessed: November 2024)
several birds of similar ualities yet with to users, such as material savings through
2) Nugent C. (2021) ‘Amsterdam is
subtle differences. It seems fundamental to a exposing unfinished walls and the carbon
embracing a radical new economic theory
regenerative future to celebrate and include benefits of using cork flooring. to help save the environment. Could it also
all voices in our decision making. Examples of replace capitalism?’, Time [Online] Available
this include: The London County Hall project also at: https://time.com/5930093/amsterdam-
| aith in Nature, which made nature a provides meanwhile space which was doughnut-economics/ (Accessed:
company director with voting rights (www. previously empty, linking into the ‘Community November 2024)
faithinnature.co.uk/pages/avotefornature), agency’ section above. 3) Stop Ecocide International (s.d.) France
ensuring the impact on nature is writes ecocide into law, in 2 ways [Online]
considered in all key decisions The empathetic expert Available at: www.stopecocide.earth/press-
| proto cities and permaculture principles23, Humans have used storytelling throughout releases-summary/france-writes-ecocide-
which demonstrate organic and self- our history to translate key messages, into-law-in-two-ways (Accessed: November
organised approaches, allowing diverse thoughts and concepts. A key theme of 2024)
voices to find solutions discussions at the lab is our storytelling 4) The Future Generations Commissioner
| the Long Time Project (www. ability in relation to the environment and living for Wales (s.d.) Well-being of Future
thelongtimeproject.org/), which is an things. Good examples of this are: Generations (Wales) Act 2015 [Online]
initiative that aims to help us care about | emotional literacy (e.g. Atlas of the Heart26) Available at: www.futuregenerations.wales/
about-us/future-generations-act/ (Accessed:
the long-term future of our planet and | eco fiction (e.g. Ministry for the Future27).
November 2024)
ecosystems and listen to their voice.
These cut though the often depressing 5) Hahn J. (2021) ‘Ten impressive bamboo
Making impact visible and traumatising non-fiction stories, buildings that demonstrate the material’s
versatility’, Dezeen [Online] Available at:
Change at scale only happens where documentaries and news which currently
www.dezeen.com/2021/08/04/impressive-
education and knowledge is provided to dominate the environmental literacy and arts. bamboo-building-roundup/ (Accessed:
all custodians to enable informed choices. Positive storytelling is surely a shift that will November 2024)
Examples of this include: help with developing a regenerative future.
6) 2050 Materials (2021) Hemp: a game
| Foodsteps24, which provides carbon labels
changer for the building industry [Online]
for food products to be printed on labels Industry-led activism Available at: https://2050-materials.com/
and menus In the absence of government leadership, blog/hemp-a-game-changer-for-the-
the role of industry in shifting our approach building-industry/ (Accessed: November
to the environmental impact of the built 2024)
environment has been critical. There are too
Regenerative Design Lab many initiatives in the UK alone to name them
7) Front (2024) BioBasedTiles [Online]
Available at: www.front-materials.com/
For more information about the all, but Box 1 provides a short list. biobasedtiles/ (Accessed: November 2024)
Regenerative Design Lab hosted by 8) Saxton M. (2021) ‘Mycelium fungi as a
Constructivist, visit https://constructivist. What next? building material’, Rise [Online] Available at:
co.uk/regenerative-design-lab/. Structural engineers have mobilised in www.buildwithrise.com/stories/mycelium-
the past five years to tackle the climate fungi-as-a-building-material (Accessed:
emergency, in response to the significant November 2024)
carbon emissions our designs have when
constructed. But we are now learning that
climate impact is just one of several impacts
of our professional work.
We impact habitats from the construction
site to the other side of the world. And we
impact the health and wellbeing of a vast
network of people, from building users to
those digging material from the ground. And
this means structural engineers have a major
impact on what the future looks like for life Ian Poole
on earth. MEng, CEng, MIStructE, CEnv
This is overwhelming, but it also makes
this the most exciting time in history to be a As an Associate Sustainability Consultant at
structural engineer. If you re wondering about Elliott Wood and Senior Whole Life Carbon
how to contribute to a regenerative future, Officer at Westminster City Council, Ian works
learning about, getting involved in and taking across private and public sector efforts to
inspiration from any ongoing or new initiatives address climate and material use impacts of
related to the topics in this article is a brilliant the built environment. In 2024, Ian has been
place to start. focusing on streamlining the planning system to
Please reach out to me if you would like to support low-carbon, circular development
discuss this. through his role at Westminster City Council.

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 Regenerative design Opinion

9) Arslan Selçuk S., Gülle N.B. and Mutlu Avinç spencer-refused-permission-to-demolish-and- lifeandstyle/2024/jan/30/we-just-held-hands-and-
G. (2022) ‘Tree-like structures in architecture: rebuild-oxford-street-store (Accessed: November jumped-how-one-of-britains-happiest-healthiest-
revisiting Frei Otto’s branching columns through 2024) communes-was-built (Accessed: November 2024)
parametric tools’, Sage Open, 12 (3); https://doi. 15) Brown D.G., Pimentel R.J. and Sansom M.R. 21) Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 (asp 2)
org/10.1177/21582440221119479 [Online] Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/
(2019) P427: Structural steel reuse: Assessment,
10) Barba J.J. (2015) ‘Frei Otto. Modeling with testing and design principles, Ascot: SCI asp/2003/2/contents (Accessed: November 2024)
soap films’, Metalocus [Online] Available at:
Enfield ouncil Online platform 22) DeSouza P.R. (2021) Knowledge commons
www.metalocus.es/en/news/frei-otto-video-
launched to recycle building materials [Online] and enclosures [Online] Available at: www.
modeling-soap-films (Accessed: November 2024)
Available at: www.enfield.gov.uk/news-and- unesco.org/en/articles/knowledge-commons-
11) Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2021) The events/2022/07/online-platform-launched-to- and-enclosures (Accessed: November 2024)
butterfly diagram: visualising the circular recycle-building-materials (Accessed: November 23) Safdie S. (2024) Permaculture: definition,
economy [Online] Available at: www. 2024) principles and examples [Online] Available at:
ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy-
17) Stella A. (2024) ‘Material passports: an https://greenly.earth/en-gb/blog/ecology-news/
diagram (Accessed: November 2024)
enabling solution for material use?’, The permaculture-definition-principles-and-examples
12) Greater London Authority (2020) Circular Structural Engineer, 102 (6), pp. 18–22; https://doi. (Accessed: November 2024)
Economy Statement Guidance (Draft for org/10.56330/FUVO4863 24) O’Neill S. (2023) Everything you need to know
consultation). 1.4 Policy context [Online]
18) Scottish Government (2019) Place Principle: about eco-labels [Online] Available at: www.
Available at: www.london.gov.uk/publications/
introduction [Online] Available at: www.gov. foodsteps.earth/post/everything-you-need-to-
circular-economy-statement-guidance
scot/publications/place-principle-introduction/ know-about-eco-labels (Accessed: November
(Accessed: November 2024)
(Accessed: November 2024) 2024)
13) Arnold W. (2022) ‘Could a Grade III listing
19) Scottish Government (2013) Meanwhile use 25) Sustainable Ventures (s.d.) Restorative
for buildings halt the UK’s tide of demolition?’,
leases and guidance for landlords design for our new London workspace [Online]
Architects’ Journal [Online] Available at: www.
[Online] Available at: www.gov.uk/government/ Available at: www.sustainableventures.co.uk/
architectsjournal.co.uk/news/opinion/could-a-
collections/meanwhile-use-leases-and-guidance- sustainable-stories/restorative-design-workspace
grade-iii-listing-for-buildings-halt-the-uks-tide-
for-landlords (Accessed: November 2024) (Accessed: November 2024)
of-demolition (Accessed: November 2024)
14) Butler S. (2023) ‘Marks & Spencer refused haudhuri A. ‘“We just held hands 26) Brown B. (2021) Atlas of the Heart,
permission to demolish and rebuild Oxford Street and jumped!” How one of Britain’s happiest, London: Vermilion
store’, The Guardian [Online] Available at: www. healthiest communes was built’, The Guardian 27) Robinson K.S. (2020) The Ministry for the
theguardian.com/business/2023/jul/20/marks- [Online] Available at: www.theguardian.com/ Future, London: Orbit

The future
of structural
design
The world is changing, fast. In this new
thought leadership title, the authors
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Central to their response is an examination
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 Opinion Letters

Verulam
Send letters to…
All contributions to Verulam should be
submitted via email to: [email protected]

Contributions may be edited on the grounds

of style and/or length by the Institution's
Readers’ letters, comments and queries publishing department.

Designing a Verulam’s last comment (which

disappointing that this erroneous link is
still being made after so many years. The
slab by hand Richard refers to) was: ‘There are
tests showing bending is reduced
clock does not stop ticking at the end
of the design life, it ticks on with a 2%
RICHARD EASTWOOD in slabs supporting walls; but is it annual risk forever.
I have followed this correspondence wise to ta e benefit from that ’ Postscript: Avoid misinterpretation by
with interest [CROSS Safety Report, Richard has provided context by always taking the literal meaning. ‘Time
October 2024 and ‘Modelling of asking ‘is any potential saving in rebar flies like an arrow, but fruit flies like a
masonry walls’ letter, November/ worth it ’ he answer a ears to be banana’ – attributed to Groucho Marx.
December 2024]. Both Verulam and Alan probably not.
Hayward (November/December 2024)
REFERENCES
almost put their fingers on it.
However, my reaction is to question Taking chances
what sort of structural engineer would
use a 2D finite-element program to with the weather 1. Cook N. (1999) Wind loading: a
practical guide to BS6399-2. Wind
design this slab? On all the information NICHOLAS COOK loads on buildings, London: Thomas
it is a cast in situ slab between masonry Alastair Hughes’ Viewpoint, ‘Taking Telford.
walls. The bending moment is Wl/8. chances with the weather’, is founded 2. Cook N. (2007) Designers’ guide to
A competent structural engineer will on a fundamental misinterpretation of the EN 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on
be able to design the slab by hand meaning of the 50-year return period. structures, general actions part: Wind
in three to four minutes. To set up a This is the same misinterpretation that, actions, London: Thomas Telford.
finite-element program to design it as far back as 1972 when design risk
will take much longer. Even if this is was first introduced in CP3:ChV:pt2, had
linked to a sophisticated reinforced structural engineers complaining on the Both Alastair and Nicholas’
concrete detailing program, the saving in lines of: ‘in over 50 years of practice, contributions are thoughtful, and
reinforcement cost will be less than that none of my buildings has blown down’. both remind us to reflect on what is
of the designer’s time. The commentaries to BS 6399-21 and an appropriate risk. We can, however,
As is said, the suspicion is that EN 1991-1-42 explain that the 50-year consider whether we might lose sight
CROSS identifies a misuse of a program, return period should be interpreted as a of reality if we default to manipulating
which is worthy of note. But it seems 2% chance of exceedance in each year codified rules. his a lies to
that the first issue is that a person that the building is operational. Quoting attributes such as sensitivity and
without understanding of structures from Wind loading: a practical guide to consequence. A speed error in the
uses an inappropriate program. Verulam BS 6399-21: 50-year wind value of a few m/sec is
has several times identified the risk of ‘Changing the way that this risk is not likely to have serious
simple and cheap programs being used described – from a high risk (63%) consequences, especially if there is a
by persons without understanding of in a long (50-year) period to a small D + L + W case. But that same margin
structural behaviour with potentially annual risk (2%) – emphasises that the of error on a lower wind speed (as
serious consequence. relevant risk in design is the risk to the adopted for temporary structures)
To address your final point, it is public in every year that the building is can be arithmetically ery si nificant
a matter of common sense that a operational. Starting from this datum risk, especially if wind is the dominant load.
masonry wall may stiffen the slab upon the partial factors on load, γf gf, used in The consequences can be seen in
which it is set. But, this becomes a the structural standards aim to achieve some of the fatalities associated with
composite design in which the wall a risk of damage less than 0.0005 (1 in stage collapses (temporary structures)
will not have the same modulus of 2000) and a risk of fatality less than 10-4 which are likely to be surrounded by
elasticity as the supporting slab. To (1 in 10 000) in each year of operation.’ people and where collapse has
attempt such a design requires a level of These are ongoing risks that are resulted from a sudden squall.
analytical sophistication and control of not linked in any way to the design or
construction. The wall will be built over
a period of two to three days to allow
actual lifetime of a building, and it is
State of
for setting of mortar. Will the slab remain
propped and, if so, for how long? Is it the industry
not foreseeable that at some stage in [NAME SUPPLIED]
the future the wall will either be removed
or subject to the making of an opening?
A COMPETENT I have been toying with the idea of
writing to Verulam for a while.
The complexities involved in both STRUCTURAL ENGINEER I am a chartered structural engineer
the design and the constraints upon WILL BE ABLE TO DESIGN with 20 years of UK experience in small
construction and future use far outweigh
the small savings in reinforcement cost
THE SLAB BY HAND IN to medium-sized companies. Most
recently I have been involved in post-
of, say, £20–30. THREE TO FOUR MINUTES Grenfell cladding remediation projects

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 Letters Opinion

on both the client side (major developer)

and contractor’s side.
I welcomed the introduction of the
Building Safety Act (BSA) and hoped that
this would instigate a cultural change
within the industry, which has been
plagued by constant cutting of corners
and a design-and-build approach.
From a structural engineer’s
perspective, a Building Safety Regulator
(BSR) submission is not a daunting
experience. It merely means that
design needs to be frozen early on, the
existing structural records are reviewed
and intrusive investigations are carried
out. While some wording of the BSR
documents is not perfectly suited for
refurbishment projects and the full scope
cannot be determined until the facade
is fully removed, the stumbling blocks
appear to be:
| a lack of structural records on fairly
new buildings. I suspect these often
exist but some parties are not willing
to share them due to a perceived risk to have my name associated with sites, I experienced three-fold
of litigation ‘remediation’ schemes just to get the astonishment. irst, at the confidence
| an unwillingness to accept that the ball rolling. and boldness of the original masons,
process requires a lot of leg work to The IStructE has been brilliant at that they could plan out and construct
start with explaining the impact of the BSA to such soaring, delicate traceries
| that the structural engineers are engineers. I know that similarly RIBA of masonry. Second, that these
just being treated as a commodity has done good work for architects, but structures are still standing, despite
rather than an integral part of the what chance do we stand if clients are the worst intentions of Henry VIII, the
design teams unwilling to listen? passage of almost 500 years, and
| pressure on clients from the authorities No amount of legislation will help if the their being most definitely ruinous, and
to rectify issues, when often the BSR industry is unwilling to change culturally. with all the loss of secondary stiffening
submission is the target, rather than I would be interested to hear about and protection from the environment
getting it right first time the experiences of fellow members. that roofs and other lost parts of the
| an unwillingness to stand up to Unless we stand as one and sing from buildings would have provided. Finally,
old practices by clients due to the same hymn sheet with other trades, to realise that there are modern-day
commercial pressures. we are fighting a losing battle. engineers responsible for these and so
many other sites around the country,
More and more often it seems that the Don’t leave! The profession who have brought enough clear
engineers are a lone voice in the process needs engineers who will stand up engineering thinking to the assessment
where everybody treats it as business as for what is right and for what is of the structures in their charge that they
usual; when speaking up, engineers are safe. Any client who thinks there is feel confident in leaving these beautiful,
perceived as a di cult party. going to be nothing punitive down skeletal structures as they are, so that
Having had a nearly 100% success the road from the post-Grenfell we, the public, can walk around and
rate in the submissions so far, I am of the changes is being too optimistic. On under them, see them in their entirety
opinion that like-minded individuals are the other hand, we would all be and experience amazement.
at a tipping point. optimistic if we think implementation Bridget’s article has lifted the bonnet
Personally, I am seriously considering of the BSA will be flawless. What we on some of the thinking, analysis and
leaving the industry so I can only feel for all need is constructive feedback of rigour that is used in such ustification.
the younger generation. any snags that have been The temptation to cordon off slender
There is no hiding that the industry encountered in operation. parts of these ruins, to put up shoring
has been at a crossroads for a while. I and crash decks and ‘danger: keep out’
am afraid that if we carry on as we are,
in the not too distant future we will be Another life notices must be great; to decide to do
nothing takes serious engineering.
remediating current remediation schemes.
I am at a loss that with the amounts of in ruins Anyone walking along to Fountains
money involved and risk to residents, JAMES ROWE Abbey or Rievaulx Abbey in Yorkshire
clients treat the BSR submissions as an I was really interested to read Bridget will justifiably share in James’ sense
inconvenience and just another point that Drake-Wilkes’s article, ‘Conservation of wonderment. As well as marvelling
needs to be ticked off. compendium. Part 20: Another life in at the structure, just pause to ponder
My frustration is compounded ruins’ (November/December 2024), on the difficulties of material
by the fact that these are often big having recently visited the ruins of the procurement and transport and the
organisations, which know their Cistercian abbeys at Fountains and construction challenges of lifting
obligations under both the BSA and Rievaulx in Yorkshire. huge weights to great height. Think of
CDM Regulations. I am uncomfortable Walking around these extraordinary the temporary works!

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 Opinion Book review Book review Opinion

Review
primary focus on operational carbon emissions means that this book offers less
for structural engineers than the title implies, concludes Paul Astle.

Designing zero carbon in all stages of a building’s life-cycle. It assessment ( CA) methodologies,

buildings: embodied
should be noted that previous versions standard guidelines require these
of this book did not include embodied benefits to be reported separately from
and operational carbon; this is evident in the depth of
detail and guidance provided.
the boundaries of a whole-life carbon
assessment. Additionally, the inclusion
emissions in achieving The book introduces embodied of biogenic carbon in timber and other

true zero (3rd edn.)

carbon in construction materials at a materials does not conform to best
basic level, providing a few illustrative practices, as biogenic carbon should
examples. owever, it lacks specific be separately accounted for as part
design strategies to reduce embodied of a whole-life carbon assessment.
Author: Ljubomir Jankovic carbon, such as minimising material These methodological flaws mean
Publisher: Routledge use, a fundamental principle in lower- that the book’s example calculations
Price: £45.99 (paperback/ebook) carbon design. Instead, the book would not meet UK expected
ISBN: 978-1-032-37870-1 emphasises using local materials standards for a whole-life carbon
and processes to lower construction assessment and undermine the premise
Designing zero carbon buildings: emissions – an approach that, while of the ‘Zero Equation’.
embodied and operational emissions helpful, does not tackle the largest In summary, Designing zero carbon
in achieving true zero addresses a source of upfront embodied carbon. buildings may serve as a valuable
crucial and timely sub ect: designing From an operational design resource for readers interested in
buildings that achieve zero carbon perspective, the nearly 400-page operational energy e ciency and
emissions. However, while the title text provides a detailed examination carbon performance, particularly those
suggests a comprehensive approach, of numerous factors influencing looking to optimise various systems for
the content focuses mostly on the a building’s carbon performance. lower operational emissions. However,
operational performance of buildings, Chapters cover a range of topics – from it falls short as a holistic guide to
offering limited guidance on embodied building geometry and insulation to solar zero-carbon building design. Without
carbon emissions. This narrow focus gain and electrical systems. Though a balanced focus on both operational
may mislead readers looking for a dense and technical, these sections and embodied carbon, and with
balanced guide to achieving zero carbon are valuable for those looking to better compliance issues regarding whole-
understand and optimise operational life carbon standards, this book does
emissions. In particular, there is not fully address the requirements for
a section dedicated to advanced achieving true zero-carbon buildings.
optimisation techniques which could be Members seeking comprehensive
relevant in broader design practice. strategies to reduce embodied carbon
The book’s central framework, termed would benefit more from existing
the ‘Zero Equation’, is an approach guidance from the Institution and other
designed to combine operational industry bodies, which offer clearer,
performance and embodied carbon, more balanced advice.
theoretically determining the point at
which a building achieves zero carbon.
owever, this method suffers from
oversimplification. The am ar analogy,
intended to simplify the concept,
may actually introduce confusion –
particularly with the idea that carbon
(the am ) can be easily removed from
the building (the ar ). Paul Astle
The ‘Zero Equation’ also has critical MEng, MPhil, CEng, MIStructE
compliance issues when compared
with established best practices in Paul is the Decarbonisation Lead for
whole-life carbon assessments. For Ramboll Buildings. He drives the
instance, it emphasises ‘negative’ decarbonisation of building design
operational emissions from on-site globally in Ramboll and is a co-author of
renewables, which can offset carbon- the updated RICS Professional
intensive grid energy. While such Statement – Whole-life carbon
benefits are considered in life-cycle assessment for the built environment.

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 Spotlight
At on Structures
the back Spotlight on
AtStructures
the back

All articles in Structures

are available free of charge
to paying-grade members
of the Institution as one of
t eir members ip benefits.
The journal is available
online at:
www.structuresjournal.org

Editor’s Featured Article

The Featured Article for Volume 67 of Structures is now available.
Jason Ingham, Associate Editor, has selected a paper on tubular sandwich
cross-sections made with metal additive manufacturing components.
This article is available to read free of charge.

Tubular sandwich cross-sections to the design of customised complex- engineering applications requiring high
fabricated with Wire Arc Additive shaped elements. Among these metal AM resistance against buckling failure.
Manufacturing for jumbo structural processes, wire arc additive manufacturing In detail, the engineered geometrical
members (WAAM) stands out, enabling the fabrication shape of TSSs offers higher freedom to
Lidiana Arrèa, Vittoria Laghia, Alejandro of complex large-scale structural elements, structural designers able to optimise the
Marqués Paolab and Michele Palermoa which are essential for applications in design based on different target structural
a
Department of Civil, Chemical, the construction sector. ithin offshore performances. However, to properly account
Environmental and Materials Engineering, engineering applications, submerged steel for the specific manufacturing constraints,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy members of offshore acket structures, computational design approaches and
b
AITIIP Centro Tecnológico, Zaragoza, Spain exposed to significant compressive radial advanced numerical simulations should
pressure, are typically made by circular assist the designer towards a feasible
Innovations in the field of robotics and hollow section (CHS) tubular members. In structural solution. The present study aims
production processes have led to the this regard, the present work focuses on at exploring the potential capabilities of
exploration of new manufacturing techniques, the initial investigations of new geometrical TSSs. First, the geometrical properties and
offering greater freedom in size and shape shapes for jumbo tubular cross-sections potential structural performances of TSSs
of metal additively manufactured (AM) of steel members, referred to as tubular are investigated. Then, two different case
components. This has opened the doors sandwich sections (TSS), for structural studies are presented to illustrate different
target structural performances. The first one
illustrates the application of a parametric
approach to design e cient TSSs of uniform
thickness leading to the creation of a first
catalogue of uniform TSSs. The first proof of
concept of uniform TSS is provided by the
manufacturing of two samples realised with
WAAM technology. The second case study
investigates the structural behaviour of non-
uniform TSS member specifically designed to
resist high radial compressions. For this aim,
linear and non-linear finite element buckling
analyses are carried out also considering the
effect of initial geometrical irregularities. The
structural performances of the TSS member
are compared with those of an equivalent
C S member, demonstrating a significant
increase in the critical pressure of TSS, even
when considering geometrical irregularities.

| Read the full paper at https://doi.

org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106689

Register for alerts

If you’d like to receive regular updates about new content in Structures, register for email alerts at www.sciencedirect.com.

43
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 At the back Diary dates

Most events run by IStructE

HQ are being delivered online.
For in-person events, a
location will be given.
History Study Group meetings
start at 18:00 and are free of

Diary dates
charge to attend. Registration
is not typically required
Meetings may be online or
in person.
For Regional Group events,
check the website for the
latest information. Note that more current information may be available
from the Institution website: www.istructe.org/events

CONFERENCE Venue: The Alan Baxter Gallery, 75 Cowcross Time: 10:00–17:30

20 March Street, London EC1M 6EL and online Venue: IStructE HQ
Young researchers conference Price: Free Price (early booking): Member: £335 + VAT
Time: 13:00–16:15 Contact: [email protected] (£295 + VAT); Standard: £445 + VAT
Venue: Online Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/
Price: Free CPD COURSES eurocode-3-structural-steelwork-design
Register: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/ 30 January
young-researchers-conference-2025 Eurocode 9: design of aluminium 20 February
structures Lateral stability of building structures
LECTURES Trainer: Dr Meini Su Trainer: Chris O’Regan
23 January Time: 09:30–16:30 Time: 14:00–18:00
President’s inaugural address Venue: Online Venue: Online
Speaker: Mohamad Al-Dah Price: Member: £335 + VAT; Standard: £445 + Price (early booking): Member: £245 + VAT
Time: 18:00–19:30 VAT (£215 + VAT); Standard: £325 + VAT
Venue: IStructE HQ and online Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/ Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/
Price: Free eurocode-9-design-of-aluminium-structures lateral-stability-of-building-structures
Register: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/
presidents-inaugural-address 10 February Thursdays 27 February–20 March
Historic timber structures: assessment and Conceptual design for structural
12 February reuse engineers: an introduction
The future of structural design book launch Trainers: Dr Keerthi Ranasinghe and Philip Trainer: Oliver Broadbent
Speakers: Alix Dietzel, Flavia de Luca, James O’Leary Time: 14:00–16:00
orman and affaele de isi Time: 10:00–17:30 Venue: Online
Time: 18:00–19:00 Venue: Online Price (early booking): Member: £335 + VAT
Venue: Online Price (early booking): Member: £335 + VAT (£295 + VAT); Standard: £445 + VAT
Price: Free (£295 + VAT); Standard: £445 + VAT Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/
Register: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/the- Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/ conceptual-design-for-structural-engineers
future-of-structural-design-book-launch historic-timber-structures-assessment-and-reuse
Thursdays 27 February–27 March
WEBINAR 12–13 February Net-zero structural design
30 January Temporary works design Trainers: Will Arnold and Oliver Broadbent
Incorporating timber into your structure – Trainer: Ray Filip Time: 09:30–11:30
how to ensure success Time: 08:30–17:00 Venue: Online
Speakers: Kelly Harrison, Mark Porter and Sanja Venue: Online Price (early booking): Member: £575 + VAT
Buncic Price (early booking): Member: £575 + VAT (£515 + VAT); Standard: £765 + VAT
Time: 15:00–16:00 (£515 + VAT); Standard: £765 + VAT Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/net-
Venue: Online Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/ zero-structural-design
Price: Member: £45 + VAT; Standard: £70 + VAT temporary-works-design
Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2024/
timber-webinar-series-3 18 February REGIONAL GROUPS
Practical law: dealing with domestic clients Note that events are subject to change.
HISTORY STUDY GROUP Trainer: Rob Langley Please visit www.istructe.org/get-involved/
13 January Time: 13:00–17:30 regional-groups for up-to-date information and
Annual business meeting Venue: Online registration details.
Venue: IStructE HQ Price (early booking): Member: £275 + VAT
Price: Free (£245 + VAT); Standard: £365 + VAT CHESTER & NORTH WALES
Contact: [email protected] Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/
practical-law-dealing-with-domestic-clients-feb 9 January
3 February AI in construction
Railway bridge disasters and other 19 February Speakers: Darren Russell and Ian Besford
mishaps Eurocode 3: structural steelwork design Time: 18:00
Speaker: Alan Hayward Trainer: Dennis Lam Venue: Online

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 Diary dates At the back

Price: Free Venue: TBC SURREY

Register: www.istructe.org/events/chester-north- Price: Free
wales/ai-in-construction Contact: Mahesh Sankaran 13 January
([email protected]) Barmouth metallic spans replacement
6 February Speakers: Riccardo Stroscio and Mark Scrivener
Cannop Cycle Bridge NORTH WEST Time: 18:00
Speakers: Henry Beaver and Stephen Walsh Venue: Lecture Theatre M, University of Surrey,
Time: 18:00 30 January Guildford GU2 7XH
Venue: Mercure Chester Abbots Well Hotel, Inaugural meeting and hot pot supper Price: Free
Whitchurch Road, Christleton CH3 5QL Time: 18:30–22:00 Register: www.istructe.org/events/surrey/
Price: Free Venue: Lancashire Cricket Club, Talbot Road, barmouth-metallic-spans-replacement
Register: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/cnw-istructe- Stretford M16 0PX
cannop-cycle-bridge-tickets-1089947214459 Price: £35 YORKSHIRE
Booking: www.istructe.org/events/northwest-uk/
HONG KONG istructe-nw-regional-group-inaugural-meeting 29 January
President’s visit
8 January SCOTLAND Speaker: Mohamad Al-Dah
Exam preparation evening Time: 18:00–19:30
Speaker: Tom Osbourne 14 January Venue: Rose Bowl, Leeds Beckett University,
Time: 18:30–20:00 (HKT) CPD: Predicting concrete-steel bond Portland Way, Leeds LS1 3HB
Venue: Online performance at high temperatures: a Price: Free
Price: £20 machine learning approach Contact: Kan Zhou
Booking: www.istructe.org/events/hq/2025/ Speaker: Dr Rwayda Al-Hamd ([email protected])
hong-kong-exam-preparation-evening Time: 12:30–13:30
Venue: Online
Price: Free
MIDLAND COUNTIES
Register: www.istructe.org/events/scotland/
28 January cpd-predicting-concrete-steel-bond- Regional Group Committee members
President and DCEO visit performance should submit details of forthcoming
Speakers: Mohamad Al-Dah and Darren Byrne events to: [email protected]
Time: 18:00–19.15

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 At the back Regional group news

Regional
focus
In this feature, we share news, updates and initiatives
from the Institution’s regional group network around the
world. If you have a story to share, get in touch at
[email protected]. The next deadline is 1 March 2025.

Bedfordshire and Adjoining Counties and East Anglia the issues that can arise. Attendees were guided through the facility,
Site visit to galvanising facility in Haverhill observing each stage from pre-treatment to final inspection, and it
was surprising to see how many non-structural items were galvanised at
On 10 October, members of the Bedfordshire and Ad oining Counties the plant.
and East Anglia regional groups visited the Wedge Group’s Acrow The event included an engaging Q&A session, allowing members to
alvanizing facility in averhill, Suffolk. This plant, a successor to the delve into technical details and discuss industry trends with the facility’s
original Acrow props plant, carries a rich historical legacy. Interestingly, experts, often stretching a number of members’ fading chemistry
Acrow props were named after the company’s solicitor, Mr A. Crow. knowledge! Overall, the visit was both educational and engaging,
The visit offered a detailed look into the galvanising process and providing valuable insights into modern galvanising practices.

Singapore as well as receive suggestions and provide | Industrial/Process Structures: JTC

Members’ appreciation night updates on activities of the joint committee. Logistics Hub @ Gul by Meinhardt
and Structural Awards 2024 The highlight was the presentation of the | Infrastructures: Contract E1003 Thomson
Singapore Structural Awards, which aim East Coast Line by Mott MacDonald;
to recognise engineering skills in different Contract T222 Outram Park Thomson East
On 18 October, the Institution of Engineers, categories of projects by Singapore engineers Coast Line by Arup
Singapore-IStructE joint committee hosted a and IStructE members. The awards cover a | Structural (Commercial): SJ Campus
members’ appreciation night and Structural wide range of categories, recognising many by KTP Consultants; Hub Synergy Point
Awards 2024 at One Farrer Hotel, Singapore. structural engineering marvels. It acknowledged by Arup
Close to 250 members and guests alongside the creative works of Singapore’s most talented | Structural (Healthcare): Tan Tock Seng
professionals in the built environment industry structural engineers, their achievement and Hospital – Integrated Care Hub by Meinhardt
joined the occasion to celebrate and recognise contribution to the built environment. | Structural (Residential): Rivière by KTP
the achievements of fellow engineers. The The winners were presented with Consultants; Woodleigh Mall & Residences
event provided an ideal opportunity for their awards and received recognition in the by Meinhardt
members to interact and network within the following categories: | Zero Carbon Ambition: Phase 2
built environment. It served as a platform for the | Construction Innovation: CapitaSky by Intensification Pro ect at BCA Braddell
Singapore Regional Group to update members P&T Consultants; National Cancer Centre, Campus by ECAS Consultants
with the latest developments at IStructE HQ, Singapore by Arup

Singapore Regional Group committee members on stage at members’ appreciation night and Structural Awards 2024

46
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 Regional group news At the back

Hong Kong
Inspiring the next generation:
Commitment to civil
engineering

The Hong Kong Regional Group recently

engaged with civil engineering students at local
universities. On 9 October, the group delivered
an introductory presentation about the IStructE
and student membership benefits to the new
cohort of civil engineering students. This event
was held in collaboration with representatives
from other prominent engineering societies,
including the Institution of Civil Engineers
Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Institution
of Engineers, highlighting the importance of
community within the field.
Building on the initial outreach, the group
hosted a seminar on 16 October for third-
year students at the Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, focusing on
pathways to membership and preparation for Seminar on becoming chartered structural engineer and exam preparation at
the chartered membership exam. This session Hong Kong University of Science and Technology for third-year students
featured insights from experienced examiners
Dr K.S. Law, Ir K.K. Kwan and Dr H.T. Jinghua Lin, Chief Structural Engineer at the into contemporary structural engineering
Cheng, who offered valuable advice on exam Architectural Design and Research Institute practices. These events highlight the regional
techniques and interview strategies. of Guangdong Province. Lin discussed his group s dedication to fostering knowledge
The regional group also organised an innovative high-rise building project in Foshan, and networking opportunities within the civil
online technical talk on 19 November with China, providing attendees with a glimpse engineering community.

Caribbean of the profession, alongside celebrating our past. Structural engineers,

Marking 30 years of structural engineering architects, builders, policy- and decision-makers all have an important
expertise in the Caribbean and beyond collaborative role to play in the Caribbean community, especially now
when the region and the world grapples with the challenges of climate
change and what it means to be resilient, sustainable and innovative.
The Caribbean Regional Group recently celebrated its 30th anniversary Savitree Singh, chair of the regional group, added: ‘Our group now
at a two-day conference in Port of Spain, Trinidad, called ‘Past 30, future has over 300 members, all talented and professionally ualified structural
30: Preserving the past, preparing for the future . engineers. The group has grown over the years, building connections
The event marked the history of the structural engineering profession across the structural engineering profession, with the wider built
across the Caribbean and globally, looking ahead to new opportunities environment sector, businesses and academia.
and challenges, while also discussing topics such as design, resilience, The event also celebrated the career of structural engineer and
technology, innovation and sustainability. IStructE Fellow Tony Gibbs, who has been a chartered member of the
Shalini Jagnarine-Azan, IStructE Fellow, board member and Vice Institution for 55 years. Gibbs joined IStructE as a graduate member in
President for the Americas, said: ‘Our conference examined the future 1964 and was instrumental in creating the regional group.

East Midlands
A centenary of structural engineering
membership
The East Midlands Regional Group gathered recently to celebrate the
centenary of structural engineering membership across the Midlands.
The event marked the past and future of structural engineers across the
region, acknowledging the expertise of past and present members.
IStructE President Tanya de Hoog, CEO Yasmin Becker, Jo Renold-
Smith, Chair of the East Midlands Group, and Mahesh Sankaran, Chair of
the Midland Counties Group, joined the celebrations.
Renold-Smith said: ‘This event celebrated the work of the IStructE
and its members who work to design structures that are safe and that
make e cient and effective use of materials the aim is to provide a built
environment that benefits us all.
The Midlands Counties branch was originally established in 1924 with
83 members in 10 counties. Then President Major James Petrie OBE
hosted the inaugural meeting on 22 November 1924 stating that ‘the Tanya de Hoog, Yasmin Becker and
Midlands were a stronghold of structural engineering . Jo Renold-Smith at centenary celebration event

47
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Please see our website for more details.

Join our friendly team of 12 in our busy

out-of-town office in Jersey, Channel Islands. What’s in it for you?
Accommodation available if required. • Salary £45,000 to £60,000
depending on experience.
Apply in writing or via email to: • A supportive and stimulating
Barry Helm working environment.
Beaumont Structural Consultants Limited • Increasing responsibility leading
to an Associate Director role in
Goose Green Marsh, Beaumont, St Peter, JE3 7BU the practice.
E [email protected] W www.bsc.co.je • The opportunity to take 6 weeks
off every third year, on full salary,

beaumont to pursue other interests.

Yes, really!

structural
consultants To apply, in confidence, please send a CV to:
[email protected]

ASSOCIATE DESIGNATE
Salary banding of £60k to £70k
Senior Project Engineer We are a multidisciplinary team of construction
Play a key role in developing and regenerating city of
professionals. Creative and practical in our approach.
Leicester. From improving access for buses, cyclists, and We invite engineers with flare and enthusiasm to join
pedestrians to leading innovative schemes, we’ve got plenty our boutique Firm of multi-disciplinary engineering,
of exciting projects in the pipeline. And you’ll be at the heart architectural and conservation professionals.
of it. It’s about shaping Leicester’s future – helping the city With decades of experience, we provide quality and
to grow and succeed by planning, leading, and delivering a innovation at the heart of all we do. For example, a beautiful
range of projects. And with a commitment to more investment, new home with deep basement pool in windblown sand or
you’ll find lots more opportunities to increase your skills and profiled into a coastal cliff. Commercial, Schools and Fire
knowledge, as you help us create a city to be proud of. From Stations. Historic structures such as the iconic St Andrews
start to finish, you’ll engineer design of major highway, bridge, House, HQ of the Scottish Government, with probably
transport infrastructure projects. This includes planning of Europe’s most extensive ICCP steel frame treatment.
works, production of tenders including documentation and
costings and procurement to delivery of all maintenance and Be part of our growth in Cornwall.
construction programmes. Working within an innovative Design Office you would
Conditions: Full Time / 37 Hours Per Week / Permanent lead on a wide range of projects encompassing structural
Salary: £44,428 – £47,420 per year
investigations, professional appraisals, new builds,
geotechnical, civil, coastal structures and supporting Expert
Location: Based primarily at 90 Leycroft Road, you’ll be Evidence in construction disputes. A multi-disciplinary
required to undertake site visits in and around the city.
engineering role; you will act as an Associate.
Website URL: https://jobs.leicester.gov.uk
Please provide a brief CV and contact details to
Closing date: 13th January 2025 [email protected]

50
January 2025 | thestructuralengineer.org

pp50-52 TSE_January25_Recruitment.indd 50 18/12/2024 16:54

 Attract
the right
candidate
for less
Advertise
for just £499
Only The Institution of Structural Engineers can provide such a dedicated and
receptive audience, whose experience and creative abilities are sufficiently diverse
to fill any vacancy, regardless of seniority.

Our five options offer various levels of targeting and visibility. These include:

Digital Digital and print Premium/Rapid response

l Ad live on jobs board l Ad live on jobs board for one l Ad live on jobs board for
for one month, with logo month, with logo one month, with logo
l Featured in top section of l Featured in top section of
search results search results
l Included in one fortnightly l Included in one
jobs newsletter* fortnightly jobs newsletter*
l Quarter page in l Quarter page in
The Structural Engineer The Structural Engineer
l Social media post on LinkedIn l Bespoke email sent to candidates
and X l Social media post on LinkedIn
and X
£499 £979 November/December 2023

£1,475
Volume 101 | Issue 11

October 2023
| Issue 10
Volume 101

Thermal effects on
building structures AWARDS SPECIAL

Historical defects:
High-alumina cement

Power Industry CPD: Accuracy

Battersea
Station and precision in FEA

Quay Quarter
Tower, Sydney

rofile Albert lor

Williamson-Tay

Spanning
continents
How British, European and US engineers
competed to develop South America’s
19th century railways

ent
refurbishm
Reuse and
Nov/Dec print book.indb 1

challenges
and required
skills 01/11/2023 14:05

What are
the risks, existing buildings?
or modifying
when adapting
12:03
27/09/2023

v2.indd 1
pp01 TSE_Oct23_Cover

For more information and to get in touch with the media team,
contact Caroline Harland / [email protected] / +44 (0) 1223 378 045
*Available from October 2022

pp50-52 TSE_January25_Recruitment.indd 51 18/12/2024 16:54

 Upcoming CPD
courses

Online Online Online London HQ

Eurocode 9: design Historic timber Temporary works Eurocode 3:

of aluminium structures: design structural
structures assessment and 12-13 February steelwork design
30 January reuse 08:30 - 17:00 GMT 19 February
09:30 - 16:30 GMT
10 February ––– 10:00 - 17:30 GMT
––– 10:00 - 17:30 GMT Price
–––
Price Member: £515 + VAT
Member: £295 + VAT ––– Standard: £765 + VAT
Price
Member: £295 + VAT
Standard: £445 + VAT Price
Standard: £445 + VAT
Member: £295 + VAT Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes Standard: £445 + VAT • Describe the principles
Learning outcomes
• List the considerations of basic temporary works
• Design simple building
necessary when deciding Learning outcomes design methodologies
structures to Eurocode 3
to design in structural • Recognise timber as an • Explain temporary loads,
• Navigate effectively
aluminium rather than in engineering material potential modes of failure
around parts of Eurocode 3
steel and explain the inherent and practical considerations
necessary for the design of
• Determine how to select the strengths and weaknesses • Calculate concrete pressures
steel structures
most appropriate aluminium of this organic and ‘living’ and design formwork,
• Design tension members,
alloys for a structural material falsework and back-propping
compression members,
application • Identify the cellular structure • Design a simple trench
restrained and unrestrained
• Examine the pros and cons of of timber in relation to support scheme
beams, column base plates,
different material forms and softwoods and hardwoods • Apply basic wind loading,
and simple joints
jointing methods • List the non-destructive and design a site hoarding
• Identify the practical issues
• Perform limit state testing techniques available • Design outrigger spreader
in steel buildings design
calculations in accordance in assessing timber used in pads for mobile cranes
with the Eurocode historic structures • Design a simple needling
• Distinguish the simple scheme
structural forms of • Apply the principles behind
Book now
Book now constructions used in historic temporary works for
structures demolition, facade retention
and structural propping,
basement construction and
Book now scaffolding design

Book now

Book your place

istructe.info/courses
pp50-52 TSE_January25_Recruitment.indd 52 18/12/2024 16:54