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Assignment Activity Unit 6

The document discusses key sociological perspectives on education, focusing on functionalism and feminist theory. Functionalism views education as essential for societal stability and economic development, while feminist theory critiques the perpetuation of gender inequalities within educational systems. Both perspectives highlight the importance of inclusive educational policies to address systemic disparities.

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24 views4 pages

Assignment Activity Unit 6

The document discusses key sociological perspectives on education, focusing on functionalism and feminist theory. Functionalism views education as essential for societal stability and economic development, while feminist theory critiques the perpetuation of gender inequalities within educational systems. Both perspectives highlight the importance of inclusive educational policies to address systemic disparities.

Uploaded by

abdullahishaqy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment Activity Unit 6

Key Concepts/Core Principles of Sociological Perspectives

Functionalism focuses on the role of education in maintaining societal stability and cohesion.

According to Emile Durkheim, education serves as an agent of socialization, transmitting shared

norms, values, and knowledge critical for social harmony. It helps individuals understand their

roles within society through the development of specialized skills needed in the workforce,

contributing to societal function. Additionally, functionalism identifies latent functions, such as

fostering social relationships and integrating diverse groups.

Feminist Theory emphasizes the critique of patriarchal norms embedded within educational

institutions. Feminists argue that education can perpetuate gender inequalities through biased

curricula, stereotypical teaching methods, and unequal access to opportunities. Simone de

Beauvoir’s feminist critique reveals how traditional gender roles are reinforced through systemic

practices, often disadvantaging women and other marginalized groups.

Sociological Perspectives on Education

From a functionalist viewpoint, education is a vital societal institution responsible for

transmitting culture, promoting social order, and preparing individuals for economic

participation. For example, in Ghana, the Free SHS program embodies the functionalist ideal of

equal opportunity by providing accessible education to all, fostering national development and

reducing illiteracy rates.


Feminist theory critiques the education system's role in perpetuating gender norms. For instance,

the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields highlights the implicit biases within curricula

and teaching practices. Feminists advocate for inclusive educational reforms, such as mentorship

programs for girls in science and technology, to challenge these norms and foster gender equity.

Analysis of Factors

Function of Education:

Functionalism views education as a mechanism to create a skilled workforce. For instance,

technical and vocational training programs align with the needs of industry, ensuring that

education contributes directly to economic stability.

Feminist theory challenges the view of education as a neutral platform. Instead, it underscores

how power dynamics and gender biases shape the educational experience. For example,

textbooks that primarily showcase male achievers in history perpetuate patriarchal values, subtly

discouraging girls from aspiring to leadership roles.

Power Dynamics in Educational Institutions:

Functionalists argue that education reflects and reinforces societal meritocracy, where success is

based on ability and effort. However, feminist theorists critique this as an oversimplification,

arguing that gendered expectations and systemic inequalities often dictate outcomes. For

instance, female students in conservative societies may face restrictions in accessing education,

limiting their opportunities for social mobility.


Examples of Education’s Contribution to Society

Functionalism illustrates education’s role in societal cohesion through the national curriculum. In

Ghana, the focus on shared cultural history and language in schools promotes national identity

and integration. Furthermore, education enables individuals to contribute economically through

skill development.

Feminist theory highlights education’s transformative potential in challenging traditional norms.

Programs like the “Girls in ICT” initiative in Africa are examples of how targeted interventions

can disrupt gender stereotypes and promote equity.

Strengths and Limitations of Each Perspective

Functionalism:

 Strengths: Emphasizes the structured role of education in creating stability and cohesion

within society. The theory aptly explains the link between education and economic

development, such as the emphasis on STEM education to meet industry demands.

 Limitations: It overlooks systemic inequalities and assumes a level playing field for all,

failing to account for how education often perpetuates class, gender, and racial

disparities.

Feminist Theory:

 Strengths: Provides a critical lens for understanding how education can reinforce or

challenge societal norms. It is particularly relevant in addressing gender disparities and

advocating for inclusive policies.


 Limitations: Its focus on gender sometimes minimizes other intersecting factors, such as

class or ethnicity, which also contribute to inequality in education.

Conclusion

By applying functionalism and feminist theory, one gains a multifaceted understanding of

education's role in society. Functionalism highlights education’s contribution to societal stability

and economic development, while feminist theory reveals its potential to either perpetuate or

dismantle gender-based inequalities. Both perspectives provide valuable insights, emphasizing

the need for inclusive and equitable educational policies that address diverse societal needs.

References

1. Durkheim, E. (1925). Education and Sociology.

2. Beauvoir, S. (1949). The Second Sex.

3. Ghana Education Service (2020). Free SHS Policy Overview.

4. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2022).

Gender Equality in Education.

5. National STEM Initiative Report (2021).

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